2003 AIME I 第 1 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

已知 ((3!)!)!3!=k⋅n!\frac{((3!)!)!}{3!} = k \cdot n!,其中 kk 和 nn 是正整数,且 nn 尽可能大。求 k+nk + n。

Given that ((3!)!)!3!=k⋅n!,\frac{((3!)!)!}{3!} = k \cdot n!, where kk and nn are positive integers and nn is as large as possible, find k+n.k + n.

答案:839
知识点:阶乘极限情形界定
难度评级:1670
小提示:

先计算里面的阶乘:3!=63! = 6,所以原式是 720!6\frac{720!}{6}。

Compute the inner factorials: 3!=6,3! = 6, so the expression is 720!6\frac{720!}{6}

大提示:

写成 720!=720⋅719!720! = 720 \cdot 719!,并注意若 n=720n = 720,则 k⋅n!k \cdot n! 会太大。

Write 720!=720⋅719!720! = 720 \cdot 719! and note that n=720n = 720 would make k⋅n!k \cdot n! too large

解答:

因为 3!=63! = 6 且 6!=7206! = 720,原式为 ((3!)!)!3!=720!6=720⋅719!6=120⋅719!。 \begin{aligned} \frac{((3!)!)!}{3!} &= \frac{720!}{6} \\ &= \frac{720 \cdot 719!}{6} \\ &= 120 \cdot 719! \end{aligned}\text{。}

若 nn 为 720720 或更大,则 k⋅n!≥720!k \cdot n! \ge 720!,这超过了 720!6\frac{720!}{6}。因此 nn 的最大可能值是 719719,此时 k=120k = 120,所以 k+n=120+719=839k + n = 120 + 719 = 839。

Since 3!=63! = 6 and 6!=720,6! = 720, the expression is ((3!)!)!3!=720!6=720⋅719!6=120⋅719!. \begin{aligned} \frac{((3!)!)!}{3!} &= \frac{720!}{6} \\ &= \frac{720 \cdot 719!}{6} \\ &= 120 \cdot 719!. \end{aligned}

If nn were 720720 or more, then k⋅n!≥720!,k \cdot n! \ge 720!, which exceeds 720!6.\frac{720!}{6}. So the largest possible value of nn is 719,719, achieved with k=120,k = 120, and k+n=120+719=839.k + n = 120 + 719 = 839.

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