2015 AIME I 第 1 题

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1.

表达式 A=1×2A = 1 \times 2 +3×4+ 3 \times 4 +5×6+ 5 \times 6 +⋯+ \cdots +37×38+39+ 37 \times 38 + 39 与 B=1B = 1 +2×3+ 2 \times 3 +4×5+ 4 \times 5 +⋯+ \cdots +36×37+ 36 \times 37 +38×39+ 38 \times 39 是在相邻的连续整数之间交替写入乘号和加号得到的。求整数 AA 与 BB 的正差。

The expressions A=1×2A = 1 \times 2 +3×4+ 3 \times 4 +5×6+ 5 \times 6 +⋯+ \cdots +37×38+39+ 37 \times 38 + 39 and B=1B = 1 +2×3+ 2 \times 3 +4×5+ 4 \times 5 +⋯+ \cdots +36×37+ 36 \times 37 +38×39+ 38 \times 39 are obtained by writing multiplication and addition operators in an alternating pattern between successive integers. Find the positive difference between integers AA and B.B.

答案:722
知识点:求和等差数列配对与分组
难度评级:1890
小提示:

通过把 BB 中的每个乘积与 AA 中有相同偶因子的乘积配对,计算 B−AB - A

Compute B−AB - A by pairing each product in BB with the product in AA that shares its even factor

大提示:

每一对贡献 (2k+1)(2k)(2k+1)(2k) −(2k−1)(2k)=4k- (2k-1)(2k) = 4k,还剩下项 11 和 −39-39

Each pair contributes (2k+1)(2k)(2k+1)(2k) −(2k−1)(2k)=4k,- (2k-1)(2k) = 4k, and the leftover terms are 11 and −39-39

解答:

逐项相减:B−A=(1−39)+(2×3−1×2)+(4×5−3×4)+⋯+(38×39−37×38)。 \begin{aligned} &B - A = (1 - 39) \\ &\quad {}+ (2 \times 3 - 1 \times 2) \\ &\quad {}+ (4 \times 5 - 3 \times 4) + \cdots \\ &\quad {}+ (38 \times 39 - 37 \times 38) \end{aligned}\text{。}每个括号中的差都形如 (2k+1)(2k)(2k+1)(2k) −(2k−1)(2k)=4k- (2k-1)(2k) = 4k,其中 k=1,2,…,19k = 1, 2, \ldots, 19。

因此 B−A=−38+4(1+2+⋯+19)=−38+4⋅190=722。 \begin{aligned} B - A &= -38 \\ &\quad {}+ 4(1 + 2 + \cdots + 19) \\ &= -38 + 4 \cdot 190 = 722 \end{aligned}\text{。}

Subtract term by term: B−A=(1−39)+(2×3−1×2)+(4×5−3×4)+⋯+(38×39−37×38). \begin{aligned} &B - A = (1 - 39) \\ &\quad {}+ (2 \times 3 - 1 \times 2) \\ &\quad {}+ (4 \times 5 - 3 \times 4) + \cdots \\ &\quad {}+ (38 \times 39 - 37 \times 38). \end{aligned} Each parenthesized difference has the form (2k+1)(2k)(2k+1)(2k) −(2k−1)(2k)=4k- (2k-1)(2k) = 4k for k=1,2,…,19.k = 1, 2, \ldots, 19.

Therefore B−A=−38+4(1+2+⋯+19)=−38+4⋅190=722. \begin{aligned} B - A &= -38 \\ &\quad {}+ 4(1 + 2 + \cdots + 19) \\ &= -38 + 4 \cdot 190 = 722. \end{aligned}

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