1995 AIME 第 1 题

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1.

正方形 S1S_1 的尺寸为 1×11\times1。对 i1i\geq1,正方形 Si+1S_{i+1} 的边长是正方形 SiS_i 边长的一半;正方形 SiS_i 的两条相邻边分别是正方形 Si+1S_{i+1} 两条相邻边的垂直平分线;而正方形 Si+1S_{i+1} 的另外两条边分别是正方形 Si+2S_{i+2} 两条相邻边的垂直平分线。至少被 S1S_1S2S_2S3S_3S4S_4S5S_5 中一个正方形围住的区域总面积可写成 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 mnm-n

Square S1S_1 is 1×1.1\times1. For i1,i\geq1, the lengths of the sides of square Si+1S_{i+1} are half the lengths of the sides of square Si,S_i, two adjacent sides of square SiS_i are perpendicular bisectors of two adjacent sides of square Si+1,S_{i+1}, and the other two sides of square Si+1S_{i+1} are the perpendicular bisectors of two adjacent sides of square Si+2.S_{i+2}. The total area enclosed by at least one of S1,S_1, S2,S_2, S3,S_3, S4,S_4, S5S_5 can be written in the form mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find mn.m-n.

答案:255
知识点:等比数列面积容斥原理
难度评级:1900
小提示:

每个正方形的面积都是前一个正方形面积的四分之一

Each square has one fourth the area of the preceding square

大提示:

相邻两个正方形的重叠部分是较小正方形的四分之一,而不相邻正方形的内部不重叠

Adjacent squares overlap in one fourth of the smaller square, and nonadjacent interiors do not overlap

解答:

五个正方形的面积之和为 1+14+116+164+1256=13641024\begin{aligned}1+\frac14+\frac1{16}&+\frac1{64}+\frac1{256}\\&=\frac{1364}{1024}\end{aligned}\text{。}垂直平分线的摆放方式使每对相邻正方形的重叠部分等于较小正方形面积的四分之一。这四个重叠部分互不相交,总面积为 116+164+1256+11024=851024\begin{aligned}\frac1{16}+\frac1{64}&+\frac1{256}+\frac1{1024}\\&=\frac{85}{1024}\end{aligned}\text{。}因此并集面积为 1364851024=12791024\frac{1364-85}{1024}=\frac{1279}{1024},所以 mn=12791024=255m-n=1279-1024=255

The sum of the five square areas is 1+14+116+164+1256=13641024.\begin{aligned}1+\frac14+\frac1{16}&+\frac1{64}+\frac1{256}\\&=\frac{1364}{1024}.\end{aligned} The perpendicular-bisector placement makes the overlap of each adjacent pair one fourth of the smaller square. These four overlaps are disjoint and have total area 116+164+1256+11024=851024.\begin{aligned}\frac1{16}+\frac1{64}&+\frac1{256}+\frac1{1024}\\&=\frac{85}{1024}.\end{aligned} Thus the union has area 1364851024=12791024,\frac{1364-85}{1024}=\frac{1279}{1024}, and mn=12791024=255.m-n=1279-1024=255.

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