2008 AIME II 第 1 题

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1.

令 N=1002+992−982−972+962+⋯+42+32−22−12, \begin{aligned} N &= 100^2 + 99^2 - 98^2 - 97^2 \\ &\quad {}+ 96^2 + \cdots + 4^2 \\ &\quad {}+ 3^2 - 2^2 - 1^2 \end{aligned}\text{,}其中加号和减号每两个一组交替出现。求 NN 除以 10001000 的余数。

Let N=1002+992−982−972+962+⋯+42+32−22−12, \begin{aligned} N &= 100^2 + 99^2 - 98^2 - 97^2 \\ &\quad {}+ 96^2 + \cdots + 4^2 \\ &\quad {}+ 3^2 - 2^2 - 1^2, \end{aligned} where the additions and subtractions alternate in pairs. Find the remainder when NN is divided by 1000.1000.

答案:100
知识点:平方差配对与分组求和
难度评级:1890
小提示:

将每个带正号的平方项与比它小两个单位的带负号平方项配对,并用 a2−b2=(a+b)(a−b)a^2 - b^2 = (a+b)(a-b),其中 a−b=2a - b = 2

Pair each positive square with the negative square two below it, and factor a2−b2=(a+b)(a−b)a^2 - b^2 = (a+b)(a-b) with a−b=2a - b = 2

大提示:

每四个连续项分为一组;以 (4k)2(4k)^2 结尾的一组可化简为 32k−1232k - 12

Group four consecutive terms at a time; the block ending in (4k)2(4k)^2 simplifies to 32k−1232k - 12

解答:

每四项分成一组。对 k=1,2,…,25k = 1, 2, \ldots, 25,以 (4k)2(4k)^2 结尾的一组为 (4k)2+(4k−1)2−(4k−2)2−(4k−3)2=2(8k−2)+2(8k−4)=32k−12, \begin{aligned} &(4k)^2 + (4k-1)^2 \\ &\quad {}- (4k-2)^2 - (4k-3)^2 \\ &= 2(8k - 2) + 2(8k - 4) \\ &= 32k - 12 \end{aligned}\text{,}这里两次用了平方差公式 a2−b2=(a+b)(a−b)a^2 - b^2 = (a + b)(a - b),且 a−b=2a - b = 2。

对 k=1k = 1 到 2525,求和,N=32⋅25⋅262−12⋅25=10400−300=10100, \begin{aligned} N &= 32 \cdot \frac{25 \cdot 26}{2} - 12 \cdot 25 \\ &= 10400 - 300 = 10100 \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 NN 除以 10001000 的余数是 100100。

Group the terms four at a time. For k=1,2,…,25,k = 1, 2, \ldots, 25, the block ending at (4k)2(4k)^2 is (4k)2+(4k−1)2−(4k−2)2−(4k−3)2=2(8k−2)+2(8k−4)=32k−12, \begin{aligned} &(4k)^2 + (4k-1)^2 \\ &\quad {}- (4k-2)^2 - (4k-3)^2 \\ &= 2(8k - 2) + 2(8k - 4) \\ &= 32k - 12, \end{aligned} using the difference of squares a2−b2=(a+b)(a−b)a^2 - b^2 = (a + b)(a - b) with a−b=2a - b = 2 twice.

Summing over k=1k = 1 to 25,25, N=32⋅25⋅262−12⋅25=10400−300=10100, \begin{aligned} N &= 32 \cdot \frac{25 \cdot 26}{2} - 12 \cdot 25 \\ &= 10400 - 300 = 10100, \end{aligned} so the remainder when NN is divided by 10001000 is 100.100.

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