2019 AIME II 第 1 题

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1.

两个不同的点 CC 和 DD,位于直线 ABAB 的同一侧,使得 △ABC\triangle ABC 与 △BAD\triangle BAD 全等,且 AB=9AB = 9,BC=AD=10BC = AD = 10,CA=DB=17CA = DB = 17。这两个三角形区域的交集面积为 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mm 与 nn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n。

Two different points, CC and D,D, lie on the same side of line ABAB so that △ABC\triangle ABC and △BAD\triangle BAD are congruent with AB=9,AB = 9, BC=AD=10,BC = AD = 10, and CA=DB=17.CA = DB = 17. The intersection of these two triangular regions has area mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:59
知识点:坐标几何全等(几何)三角形面积
难度评级:2220
小提示:

取 A=(0,0)A = (0, 0)、B=(9,0)B = (9, 0),求出 CC 和 DD;这两个三角形关于 AB‾\overline{AB} 的垂直平分线成镜像

Place A=(0,0)A = (0, 0) and B=(9,0)B = (9, 0) and find CC and D;D; the two triangles are mirror images across the perpendicular bisector of AB‾\overline{AB}

大提示:

重叠部分是以 AB‾\overline{AB} 为底的三角形,其顶点是线段 AC‾\overline{AC} 与 BD‾\overline{BD} 的交点

The overlap is the triangle with base AB‾\overline{AB} whose apex is the point where segments AC‾\overline{AC} and BD‾\overline{BD} cross

解答:

取 A=(0,0)A = (0, 0)、B=(9,0)B = (9, 0)。由 CA=17CA = 17 和 BC=10BC = 10,解 x2+y2=289x^2 + y^2 = 289 与 (x−9)2+y2=100(x - 9)^2 + y^2 = 100,得 C=(15,8)C = (15, 8)。全等关系 △ABC≅△BAD\triangle ABC \cong \triangle BAD 会交换 AA 与 BB,所以 DD 是 CC 关于直线 x=92x = \frac{9}{2} 的反射,即 D=(−6,8)D = (-6, 8)。

一个点在三角形 ABCABC 内,当且仅当它在 AB‾\overline{AB} 上方或线上、在直线 ACAC 的 BB 一侧,并且在直线 BCBC 的 AA 一侧;对三角形 BADBAD 同理。在重叠部分中起限制作用的是 y≥0y \ge 0、直线 ACAC 和直线 BDBD,所以交集是以 AB‾\overline{AB} 为底、顶点 E=AC∩BDE = AC \cap BD 的三角形。直线 ACAC 为 y=8x15y = \frac{8x}{15},直线 BDBD 为 y=−8(x−9)15y = -\frac{8(x - 9)}{15},两者交于 E=(92,125)E = \left(\frac{9}{2}, \frac{12}{5}\right)。

面积为 12⋅9⋅125=545,\frac{1}{2} \cdot 9 \cdot \frac{12}{5} = \frac{54}{5}\text{,}所以 m+n=54+5=59m + n = 54 + 5 = 59。

Place A=(0,0)A = (0, 0) and B=(9,0).B = (9, 0). From CA=17CA = 17 and BC=10,BC = 10, solving x2+y2=289x^2 + y^2 = 289 and (x−9)2+y2=100(x - 9)^2 + y^2 = 100 gives C=(15,8).C = (15, 8). The congruence △ABC≅△BAD\triangle ABC \cong \triangle BAD swaps AA and B,B, so DD is the reflection of CC across the line x=92,x = \frac{9}{2}, namely D=(−6,8).D = (-6, 8).

A point lies in triangle ABCABC exactly when it is on or above AB‾,\overline{AB}, on BB’s side of line AC,AC, and on AA’s side of line BC;BC; similarly for triangle BAD.BAD. In the overlap the binding constraints are y≥0,y \ge 0, line AC,AC, and line BD,BD, so the intersection is the triangle with base AB‾\overline{AB} and apex E=AC∩BD.E = AC \cap BD. Line ACAC is y=8x15y = \frac{8x}{15} and line BDBD is y=−8(x−9)15,y = -\frac{8(x - 9)}{15}, which meet at E=(92,125).E = \left(\frac{9}{2}, \frac{12}{5}\right).

The area is 12⋅9⋅125=545,\frac{1}{2} \cdot 9 \cdot \frac{12}{5} = \frac{54}{5}, so m+n=54+5=59.m + n = 54 + 5 = 59.

完整试卷

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