2001 AIME I 第 1 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

求所有能被自身每一位数字整除的正两位整数之和。

Find the sum of all positive two-digit integers that are divisible by each of their digits.

答案:630
知识点:数字整除性分类讨论
难度评级:1950
小提示:

若这个数为 10a+b10a + b,则能被十位数字 aa 整除会迫使 bbaa 的倍数。

If the number is 10a+b,10a + b, divisibility by the tens digit aa forces bb to be a multiple of aa

大提示:

写成 b=kab = ka。再由 10a+b10a + b 能被 bb 整除,可知 k=1k = 12255

Write b=ka.b = ka. Then 10a+b10a + b divisible by bb forces k=1,k = 1, 2,2, or 55

解答:

设这个数为 10a+b10a + b,其中 aa 是十位数字,bb 是个位数字。因为 10a+b10a + b 能被 aa 整除,必须有 bb 能被 aa 整除,所以 b=kab = ka,其中 kk 为正整数。又因为 10a+b10a + b 能被 bb 整除,必须有 10a10a 能被 bb 整除,即 10a10a 能被 kaka 整除,所以 1010 能被 kk 整除。由于 b=ka9b = ka \le 9,可能的取值是 k=1k = 12255

k=1k = 1 时,数为 11,22,,9911, 22, \ldots, 99,和为 1145=49511 \cdot 45 = 495。当 k=2k = 2 时,数为 12,24,36,4812, 24, 36, 48,和为 120120。当 k=5k = 5 时,唯一的数是 1515

总和为 495+120+15=630495 + 120 + 15 = 630

Let the number be 10a+b10a + b with tens digit aa and units digit b.b. Since 10a+b10a + b is divisible by a,a, we need bb to be divisible by a,a, so b=kab = ka for some positive integer k.k. Since 10a+b10a + b is divisible by b,b, we need 10a10a to be divisible by b,b, that is 10a10a is divisible by ka,ka, so 1010 is divisible by k.k. Because b=ka9,b = ka \le 9, only k=1,k = 1, 2,2, and 55 are possible.

For k=1k = 1 the numbers are 11,22,,99,11, 22, \ldots, 99, with sum 1145=495.11 \cdot 45 = 495. For k=2k = 2 they are 12,24,36,48,12, 24, 36, 48, with sum 120.120. For k=5k = 5 the only one is 15.15.

The total is 495+120+15=630.495 + 120 + 15 = 630.

完整试卷

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