2012 AIME I 第 1 题

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1.

求有多少个三位正整数 abcabc,数字不一定互不相同,满足 a0a \ne 0c0c \ne 0,并且 abcabccbacba 都是 44 的倍数。

Find the number of positive integers with three not necessarily distinct digits, abc,abc, with a0a \ne 0 and c0c \ne 0 such that both abcabc and cbacba are multiples of 4.4.

答案:40
知识点:整除性数字分类讨论
难度评级:1950
小提示:

一个数能被 44 整除只取决于末两位,所以 44 必须同时整除 10b+c10b + c10b+a10b + a

Divisibility by 44 depends only on the last two digits, so 44 must divide both 10b+c10b + c and 10b+a10b + a

大提示:

相减可得 aca - c 能被 44 整除,且 aacc 都为偶数,所以它们同在 {2,6}\{2, 6\} 或同在 {4,8}\{4, 8\} 中;之后由 cc 决定 bb 的奇偶性

Subtracting shows aca - c is divisible by 44 with aa and cc even, so both lie in {2,6}\{2, 6\} or both in {4,8};\{4, 8\}; then cc forces the parity of bb

解答:

一个整数是 44 的倍数,当且仅当它的末两位组成的数是 44 的倍数。因此需要 10b+c10b + c10b+a10b + a 都能被 44 整除。特别地,aacc 都是偶数;把两个条件相减,得到 aca - c 能被 44 整除。非零偶数字按模 44 的余数分成 {2,6}\{2, 6\}{4,8}\{4, 8\},所以 aacc 必须来自同一组:每组给出 44 个有序对 (a,c)(a, c)

c2(mod4)c \equiv 2 \pmod 4,则 10b+c2b+2(mod4)10b + c \equiv 2b + 2 \pmod 4,要求 bb 为奇数,有 55 种选择;关于 10b+a10b + a 的另一个条件自动成立,因为 ac(mod4)a \equiv c \pmod 4。若 c0(mod4)c \equiv 0 \pmod 4,则 bb 必须为偶数,也有 55 种选择。

总数为 45+45=404 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 = 40

An integer is a multiple of 44 exactly when its last two digits form a multiple of 4,4, so we need 10b+c10b + c and 10b+a10b + a to be divisible by 4.4. In particular aa and cc are even, and subtracting the two conditions shows aca - c is divisible by 4.4. The even nonzero digits split by remainder mod 44 into {2,6}\{2, 6\} and {4,8},\{4, 8\}, so aa and cc must both come from the same one of these sets: 44 ordered pairs (a,c)(a, c) from each.

If c2(mod4),c \equiv 2 \pmod 4, then 10b+c2b+2(mod4)10b + c \equiv 2b + 2 \pmod 4 requires bb odd (55 choices), and the condition on 10b+a10b + a holds automatically since ac(mod4).a \equiv c \pmod 4. If c0(mod4),c \equiv 0 \pmod 4, then bb must be even (55 choices).

The count is 45+45=40.4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 5 = 40.

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