1991 AIME 第 1 题

先试着解答 1991 AIME 第 1 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1991 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

x2+y2x^2+y^2,其中 xxyy 是满足下式的正整数:xy+x+y=71,x2y+xy2=880\begin{aligned}xy+x+y&=71,\\x^2y+xy^2&=880\end{aligned}\text{。}

Find x2+y2x^2+y^2 if xx and yy are positive integers such that xy+x+y=71,x2y+xy2=880.\begin{aligned}xy+x+y&=71,\\x^2y+xy^2&=880.\end{aligned}

答案:146
知识点:对称性(代数)方程组二次方程
难度评级:1830
小提示:

s=x+ys=x+yp=xyp=xy,用 sspp 改写两个已知方程。

Let s=x+ys=x+y and p=xyp=xy, and rewrite both given equations using ss and pp

大提示:

两个方程分别给出了 s+ps+pspsp,因此 sspp 是同一个二次方程的两个根。

The two equations determine s+ps+p and spsp, so ss and pp are roots of one quadratic

解答:

s=x+ys=x+yp=xyp=xy。原方程组化为 s+p=71s+p=71sp=880sp=880,所以 sspp 是下列二次方程的两个根:t271t+880=0,(t16)(t55)=0\begin{aligned}t^2-71t+880&=0,\\ (t-16)(t-55)&=0\text{。}\end{aligned} 因为 xxyy 都是正整数,所以 s=16s=16p=55p=55;事实上,x=5x=5y=11y=11。因此 x2+y2=s22p=1622(55)=146\begin{aligned}x^2+y^2&=s^2-2p\\&=16^2-2(55)=146\end{aligned}\text{。}

Let s=x+ys=x+y and p=xy.p=xy. The equations become s+p=71s+p=71 and sp=880,sp=880, so ss and pp are the roots of t271t+880=0,(t16)(t55)=0.\begin{aligned}t^2-71t+880&=0,\\ (t-16)(t-55)&=0.\end{aligned} Because xx and yy are positive integers, s=16s=16 and p=55p=55; indeed, x=5x=5 and y=11.y=11. Therefore x2+y2=s22p=1622(55)=146.\begin{aligned}x^2+y^2&=s^2-2p\\&=16^2-2(55)=146.\end{aligned}

完整试卷

其他年份的第 1 题