1952 AMC 12 真题
向下滚动并点击“开始”即可作答!或前往可打印 PDF、答案,或由 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh 精心整理的专业解答。
所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
或直接跳转到某一道题及其解答: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50
想通过互动视频课程系统学习吗?
计时
1:15:00
1.
若一个圆的半径是有理数,则其面积是:
If the radius of a circle is a rational number, its area is given by a number which is:
有理数
Rational
无理数
Irrational
整数
Integral
完全平方数
A perfect square
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
用半径和 表示圆的面积
Write the area in terms of the radius and
大提示:
圆的半径为正数,所以这个有理数的平方不为零
A circle’s radius is positive, so its rational square is nonzero
解答:
若正有理数半径为 ,则圆的面积为 。因数 是非零有理数,而无理数 的非零有理数倍仍是无理数。
因此,正确答案是 B。
If the positive rational radius is then its area is The factor is a nonzero rational number, and a nonzero rational multiple of the irrational number is irrational.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
2.
两个高中班级参加了同一场考试。一个班的 名学生平均成绩为 ;另一个班的 名学生平均成绩为 。两个班全体学生的平均成绩为:
Two high school classes took the same test. One class of students made an average grade of ; the other class of students made an average grade of The average grade for all students in both classes is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
按各班学生人数对该班平均成绩加权
Weight each class average by the number of students in that class
大提示:
总平均成绩为
The combined average is
解答:
两个班的成绩总和为 个百分点,共有 名学生。因此,总平均成绩为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The two classes earned a combined total of percentage points among students. Their combined average is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
3.
4.
邮寄包裹的费用为 美分。包裹重 磅,且 是整数。第一磅收费 美分,此后每增加一磅收费 美分。费用公式为:
The cost of sending a parcel post package weighing pounds, an integer, is cents for the first pound and cents for each additional pound. The formula for the cost is:
小提示:
只有第一磅以后的重量才按每增加一磅的费率收费
Only the pounds after the first are charged at the additional-pound rate
大提示:
一个重 磅的包裹有 磅属于额外重量
A -pound package has additional pounds
解答:
第一磅收费 美分。其余 磅收费 美分,所以
因此,正确答案是 C。
The first pound costs cents. The remaining pounds cost cents, so
Thus, the correct answer is C.
5.
过 和 两点作直线。该直线上的另一个点是:
The points and are connected by a straight line. Another point on this line is:
6.
方程 两根之差为:
The difference of the roots of is:
答案:E
小提示:
用求根公式写出两个根
Write the two roots using the quadratic formula
大提示:
因为首项系数为 ,所以两根之差是判别式的平方根
Their separation is the square root of the discriminant because the leading coefficient is
解答:
两根为 和 。因此,它们的正差为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The roots are and Their positive difference is therefore
Thus, the correct answer is E.
7.
8.
同一平面内两个半径相等的圆,其公切线条数不可能是:
Two equal circles in the same plane cannot have the following number of common tangents:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
分别考虑两个等圆相交、外切和相离的情形
Consider intersecting, externally tangent, and disjoint equal circles
大提示:
除非两圆重合,否则内切要求两圆半径不相等
An internal tangency would require unequal radii unless the circles coincide
解答:
两个不同的等圆相交时有 条公切线,外切时有 条,相离时有 条。它们不能内切,因为内切要求圆心距等于两半径之差,即 。圆心距为 时,两个等圆重合,并有无穷多条公切线。
因此,恰有 条公切线是不可能的,所以正确答案是 A。
Two distinct equal circles have common tangents when they intersect, when externally tangent, and when disjoint. They cannot be internally tangent, because internal tangency requires the center distance to equal the difference of the radii, which is At center distance the equal circles coincide and have infinitely many common tangents.
Thus exactly common tangent is impossible, so the correct answer is A.
9.
10.
一辆汽车以每小时 英里的速度上山,又以每小时 英里的速度沿相同路程下山。往返的平均速度为:
An automobile went up a hill at a speed of miles an hour and down the same distance at a speed of miles an hour. The average speed for the round trip was:
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
利用两段路程相等,而不要直接对两个速度取平均
Use equal distances rather than averaging the two speeds directly
大提示:
设单程为一英里,用总路程 除以总时间
For a one-mile trip each way, divide the total distance by the total time
解答:
若单程为一英里,则总时间为 小时。因此,平均速度为
因此,正确答案是 B。
For one mile in each direction, the total time is hour. Thus the average speed is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
11.
若 ,则下列说法不正确的是:
If then it is incorrect to say:
小提示:
代入求值前,先检查有理函数的定义域
Check the domain of the rational function before evaluating it
大提示:
分母在某个给出的输入值处为零
The denominator vanishes at one of the listed inputs
解答:
该函数在 处无定义,因为此时分母为零,所以 是错误的。其他说法均成立:、;解方程 得 ,同一公式也说明 是自身的反函数。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The function is undefined at because its denominator is zero there, so is false. The other statements hold: solving gives and this same formula shows that is its own inverse.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
12.
一个无穷等比数列的和为 。前两项之和为 。该数列的首项为:
The sum to infinity of the terms of an infinite geometric progression is The sum of the first two terms is The first term of the progression is:
或
or
或
or
小提示:
设首项为 ,公比为
Let the first term be and the common ratio be
大提示:
将 代入方程
Use in the equation
解答:
设首项为 ,公比为 。由无穷和可得 。因此,前两项满足 所以 :当 时 ,当 时 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let the first term be and the common ratio be The infinite sum gives The first two terms therefore satisfy Thus so gives while gives
Thus, the correct answer is E.
13.
函数 中, 与 均大于零。该函数在下列哪一条件下取得最小值?
The function with and greater than zero has its minimum value when:
14.
一栋房屋和一家商店分别以 售出。房屋的售价比成本低 ,商店的售价比成本高 。整个交易的结果是:
A house and store were sold for each. The house was sold at a loss of of the cost, and the store at a gain of of the cost. The entire transaction resulted in:
不赚不赔
No loss or gain
亏损
Loss of
获利
Gain of
获利
Gain of
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
分别由两件资产的售价反求原成本
Recover each original cost from its selling price separately
大提示:
房屋售价为成本的 ,商店售价为成本的
The house sold for of cost, while the store sold for of cost
解答:
房屋成本为 美元,商店成本为 美元。总成本为 美元,总售价为 美元,因此亏损 美元。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The house cost dollars, and the store cost dollars. The combined cost was dollars, while the combined selling price was dollars, producing a loss of dollars.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
15.
一个三角形的三边之比为 。则:
The sides of a triangle are in the ratio Then:
该三角形是钝角三角形
The triangle is obtuse
三个角之比为
The angles are in the ratio
该三角形是锐角三角形
The triangle is acute
最大边所对的角是最小边所对角的两倍
The angle opposite the largest side is double the angle opposite the smallest side
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
比较最大边的平方与另外两边平方之和
Compare the square of the largest side with the sum of the squares of the other two
大提示:
此处 小于
Here is less than
解答:
该三角形的最大边为 ,且 由勾股不等式的逆定理,边 所对的角为锐角。由于它是最大角,所以所有角都是锐角。
因此,正确答案是 C。
For a triangle with largest side By the converse of the Pythagorean inequality, the angle opposite side is acute. Since it is the largest angle, every angle is acute.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
16.
若一个长方形的底边增加 ,而面积不变,则高减少:
If the base of a rectangle is increased by and the area is unchanged, then the altitude is decreased by:
小提示:
新的高必须除以底边所乘的同一个倍数
The new altitude must be divided by the same factor by which the base was multiplied
大提示:
底边增加 ,相当于将底边乘以
A base increase multiplies the base by
解答:
要保持面积不变,高应乘以 。其减少的比例为 即 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
To keep the area fixed, the altitude is multiplied by Its fractional decrease is which is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
17.
一位商人以低于标价 的价格购入一批商品。他希望定出一个价格,使商品按此定价打 折扣出售后,仍能获得相当于售价 的利润。他所定价格应为原标价的百分之多少?
A merchant bought some goods at a discount of of the list price. He wants to mark them at such a price that he can give a discount of of the marked price and still make a profit of of the selling price. The percent of the list price at which he should mark them is:
小提示:
将原标价设为 ,并区分成本、所定价格和售价
Normalize the list price to and distinguish cost, marked price, and selling price
大提示:
利润等于售价的 ,意味着成本是售价的
A profit equal to of selling price means the cost is of selling price
解答:
设原标价为 。商人的成本为 。若售价为 ,则 ,所以 。若所定价格为 ,打 折扣后有 ,因此 。
因此,所定价格应为原标价的 ,所以正确答案是 C。
Let the list price be The merchant’s cost is If the selling price is then so If the marked price is the discount gives hence
The marked price must therefore be of the list price, so the correct answer is C.
18.
成立的必要条件是:
only if:
小提示:
先合并左边的对数,再令两个正真数相等
Combine the logarithms on the left before equating their positive arguments
大提示:
由 解出
Solve for
解答:
利用对数乘积法则,原方程化为 ,所以两个正真数必须满足 因此 ,得到 。允许的取值满足 ,这也保证所有对数的真数为正。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The logarithm product rule changes the equation to so the positive arguments must satisfy Therefore giving Its admissible values have which also keeps all logarithm arguments positive.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
19.
角 是三角形 的一个内角,并被 与 三等分;这两条线分别与 相交于 和 。则:
Angle of triangle is trisected by and which meet at and respectively. Then:
小提示:
用两种不同的方法比较三角形 与 的面积
Compare the areas of triangles and in two different ways
大提示:
它们的底边都在 上,且在 点的夹角是相等的三等分角
They have bases on , and their included angles at are equal trisection angles
解答:
三角形 与 的底边 和 位于同一直线 上,所以从 到该直线的公共高给出 又有 ,因为两者都是角 的三分之一。再用两边及其夹角表示同一个面积比,得到
因此,正确答案是 D。
Triangles and have bases and on the same line so their common altitude from gives Also, because both are one-third of angle Using two sides and the included angle for the same area ratio gives
Thus, the correct answer is D.
20.
21.
将一个 边正多边形的各边延长,形成一个星形,其中 。星形每个尖角的度数为:
The sides of a regular polygon of sides, are extended to form a star. The number of degrees at each point of the star is:
小提示:
将星形的一个尖角与其两个底角顶点处的外角联系起来
Relate a star point to the exterior angle at each of its two base vertices
大提示:
星形的一个尖角与正多边形的两个外角组成一个内角和为平角的三角形
The angle at a star point and two exterior angles of the regular polygon form a straight-angle triangle
解答:
正 边形的每个外角为 度。形成星形一个尖角的两条边与它们之间的多边形边组成一个三角形,其两个底角就是这两个外角。因此,该尖角为
因此,正确答案是 B。
Each exterior angle of a regular -gon is degrees. The two sides forming a point of the star, together with the intervening polygon side, make a triangle whose two base angles are those exterior angles. Hence its point angle is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
22.
在斜边 所属的直角三角形 上,又作直角三角形 ,它的斜边也是 。若 、,且 ,则 等于:
On hypotenuse of a right triangle a second right triangle is constructed with hypotenuse If and then equals:
小提示:
先利用三角形 表示公共斜边
Use triangle first to express the common hypotenuse
大提示:
再对三角形 使用勾股定理,它的斜边是
Then apply the Pythagorean theorem to triangle , whose hypotenuse is
解答:
在第一个直角三角形中,在第二个直角三角形中, 是斜边且 ,所以 因此 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
In the first right triangle, In the second right triangle, is the hypotenuse and so Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is B.
23.
若方程 的两根绝对值相等、符号相反,则 的值必须为:
If has roots which are numerically equal but of opposite signs, the value of must be:
小提示:
消去分母,并将方程整理成关于 的二次方程
Clear the denominator and collect the equation as a quadratic in
大提示:
互为相反数的两根之和为零,所以 的系数必须为零
Opposite roots have sum zero, so the coefficient of must vanish
解答:
交叉相乘,得到 绝对值相等、符号相反的两根之和为 ,所以 的系数为 。因此 并且
因此,正确答案是 A。
Cross-multiplication gives Roots that are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign have sum so the coefficient of is Thus and
Thus, the correct answer is A.
24.
在图中,已知角 、、、,且 。四边形 的面积为:
In the figure, it is given that angle and The area of quadrilateral is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
将 放在 轴上,并由两条边长求出 的坐标
Place on the -axis and find the coordinates of from the two side lengths
大提示:
过中点 的垂线与 相交于 ;再对 使用鞋带公式
The perpendicular through midpoint meets at ; then use the shoelace formula on
解答:
因为 、,且角 为直角,所以 。令 、。解方程组 得 。另有 。
直线 与 相交于 。现在对 使用鞋带公式,得到
因此,正确答案是 B。
Since and angle is right, Put and Solving gives Also
The line meets at The shoelace formula for now gives
Thus, the correct answer is B.
25.
一名爆破工将引信设定为 秒后爆炸。他以每秒 码的速度跑开。声音传播速度为每秒 英尺。当爆破工听到爆炸声时,他大约跑了:
A powderman set a fuse for a blast to take place in seconds. He ran away at a rate of yards per second. Sound travels at the rate of feet per second. When the powderman heard the blast, he had run approximately:
码
yd.
码
yd.
码
yd.
码
yd.
码
yd.
小提示:
设从点燃引信到听见声音的总秒数为
Let be the total number of seconds from lighting the fuse until the sound is heard
大提示:
到时刻 时,声音已传播 秒,其路程必须等于爆破工跑出的距离
At time , the sound has traveled for seconds and must cover the runner’s distance
解答:
设总时间为 秒。爆破工与爆炸地点相距 码,即 英尺。因为声音在 秒后才开始传播,所以 因此 秒,他跑出的距离为
选项中与之近似的是 码,所以正确答案是 D。
Let be the total time in seconds. The powderman is yards, or feet, from the blast. Because the sound starts after seconds, Thus seconds, and the distance he ran is
Approximately yards is the listed value, so the correct answer is D.
26.
27.
一个等边三角形的高等于某圆的半径。该三角形的周长与内接于此圆的等边三角形周长之比为:
The ratio of the perimeter of an equilateral triangle having an altitude equal to the radius of a circle, to the perimeter of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle is:
小提示:
用同一个圆的半径 表示两个等边三角形的边长
Express each equilateral triangle’s side length in terms of the same circle radius
大提示:
高为 的等边三角形边长为 ,而内接等边三角形的边长为
An equilateral triangle of altitude has side , while an inscribed one has side
解答:
边长为 的等边三角形,其高为 。因此,第一个三角形的边长为 ,周长为 。内接于半径为 的圆的等边三角形边长为 ,周长为 。
因此,周长之比为 ,所以正确答案是 E。
An equilateral triangle with side has altitude Thus the first triangle has side and perimeter An equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle of radius has side and perimeter
The perimeter ratio is therefore so the correct answer is E.
28.
下表中, 与 之间的关系式为:
In the table shown, the formula relating and is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
观察 值的一阶差与二阶差
Look at the first and second differences of the -values
大提示:
恒定的二阶差 表明可能是首项系数为一的二次式;检验给出的二次式
The constant second difference suggests a monic quadratic; test the listed quadratic
解答:
值的相邻差为 ,这些数的相邻差都为 。因此,数据符合首项系数为一的二次式。代入可知, 依次给出 ,对应于 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The successive differences of the -values are whose successive differences are all Thus the data fit a monic quadratic. Substitution shows gives at respectively.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
29.
在半径为 个单位的圆中, 与 是互相垂直的直径。弦 与 相交于 ,且长 个单位。直径 被分成两段,其长度分别为:
In a circle of radius units, and are perpendicular diameters. A chord cutting at is units long. The diameter is divided into two segments whose dimensions are:
,
,
,
,
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
将圆心置于原点,取 ,并用坐标表示弦的另一端点
Put the center at the origin, take , and represent the other endpoint of the chord by coordinates
大提示:
利用 和 ,再求直线 与水平直径的交点
Use and , then find where line crosses the horizontal diameter
解答:
将圆心置于原点,取 ,并设 。方程组 给出 和 。取 不影响两段的长度。
从 到 的直线与 相交于 处。因此,该交点到端点 和 的距离如下;这两个端点构成直径 :
因此,正确答案是 A。
Put the circle at the origin with and let The equations give and Taking does not change the segment lengths.
The line from to crosses at Its distances to the endpoints and of diameter are therefore
Thus, the correct answer is A.
30.
若一个等差数列前十项之和是前五项之和的四倍,则首项与公差之比为:
When the sum of the first ten terms of an arithmetic progression is four times the sum of the first five terms, the ratio of the first term to the common difference is:
31.
平面内有 个点,其中任意三点不共线。这些点所确定的直线条数为:
Given points in a plane no three of which are collinear, the number of lines they determine is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
每条直线由这些点中的两个确定
Each line is determined by choosing two of the points
大提示:
任意三点不共线保证不同的点对确定不同的直线
The condition that no three are collinear ensures that different pairs determine different lines
解答:
每一对点确定一条直线;又因为任意三点不共线,所以没有一条直线会由多于一对点重复计数。因此,直线条数为
因此,正确答案是 D。
Every pair of points determines one line, and no line is counted by more than one pair because no three points are collinear. Therefore the number of lines is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
32.
行驶 英里所需的时间比 少 分钟。 的速度比 每小时快 英里。若 表示 每小时行驶的英里数,则 行驶这段路程所需的时间为:
takes minutes less time than to travel a distance of miles. travels mile per hour faster than If is ’s rate of speed in miles per hour, then ’s time for the distance is:
小提示:
使用基本关系
Use the basic relation
大提示:
题目只问 所需的时间,而 的路程和速度都已给出
The question asks only for ’s time, and both ’s distance and rate are already given
解答:
对 而言,路程为 英里,速度为每小时 英里。因此 写出这个表达式并不需要利用与 的比较。
因此,正确答案是 D。
For the distance is miles and the rate is miles per hour. Thus The comparison with is not needed for this expression.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
33.
一个圆和一个正方形的周长相等。则:
A circle and a square have the same perimeter. Then:
二者面积相等
Their areas are equal
圆的面积较大
The area of the circle is the greater
正方形的面积较大
The area of the square is the greater
圆的面积是正方形面积的 倍
The area of the circle is times the area of the square
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
设公共周长为 ,并用 表示两个面积
Call the common perimeter and express each area in terms of
大提示:
圆的面积为 ,正方形的面积为
The circle has area , while the square has area
解答:
公共周长为 时,圆的半径为 ,所以面积为 。正方形边长为 ,所以面积为 。因为 ,所以
圆的面积较大,所以正确答案是 B。
With common perimeter the circle’s radius is , so its area is The square’s side is so its area is Since
The circle has the greater area, so the correct answer is B.
34.
一件商品的价格先增加 ,随后新价格又降低 。若最终价格为一美元,则原价为:
The price of an article was increased Later the new price was decreased If the last price was one dollar, the original price was:
一美元
One dollar
小提示:
用乘法因子表示涨价和降价
Represent the increase and decrease by multiplicative factors
大提示:
若原价为 ,则
If the original price is then
解答:
若原价为 美元,则两次变价后的价格为 令该式等于 ,得到
因此,正确答案是 E。
If the original price is dollars, then after both changes its price is Setting this equal to gives
Thus, the correct answer is E.
35.
将表达式 的分母有理化,所得等价表达式为:
With a rational denominator, the expression is equivalent to:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
先将分母看作 ,再乘以其共轭式
First treat the denominator as and multiply by its conjugate
大提示:
第一次有理化后,分母中仍含 ;再使用一个共轭式
After the first rationalization, a denominator containing remains; use another conjugate
解答:
先乘以共轭式 ,得到 再将分子、分母同乘 ,得到
因此,正确答案是 A。
Multiply first by the conjugate This gives Multiplying numerator and denominator by yields
Thus, the correct answer is A.
36.
为使函数在 处连续,应将 的值定义为:
To be continuous at the value of is taken to be:
小提示:
代入 前,先将分子和分母因式分解
Factor both numerator and denominator before substituting
大提示:
约去公因式 ,再计算剩余表达式的值
Cancel the common factor and evaluate the remaining expression
解答:
当 时,它在 处的极限为 将函数在该点定义为此值即可消除间断。
因此,正确答案是 E。
For Its limit at is Assigning this value removes the discontinuity.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
37.
在一个半径为 英寸的圆中,画两条相距 英寸且长度相等的平行弦。圆内位于两弦之间的部分面积为:
Two equal parallel chords are drawn inches apart in a circle of radius inches. The area of that part of the circle that lies between the chords is:
小提示:
长度相等的平行弦到圆心距离相同,所以每条弦到圆心的距离都是 英寸
Equal parallel chords lie the same distance from the center, so each is inches from it
大提示:
从整圆面积中减去两个全等的外侧弓形面积
Subtract the two congruent outer circular segments from the whole circle
解答:
两条等弦关于圆心对称,各距圆心 英寸。对任一弦,圆心处的半角满足 ,所以 。每个外侧弓形的面积等于一个 扇形面积减去等腰三角形面积:因此,两弦之间的面积为
因此,正确答案是 B。
The equal chords are symmetrically inches from the center. For either chord, the half-angle at the center satisfies so Each outer segment is a sector minus the isosceles triangle: The area between the chords is therefore
Thus, the correct answer is B.
38.
一块梯形土地的面积为 平方码,高为 码。若两条底边的码数都是能被 整除的整数,则求两条底边长度的问题共有多少组解?
The area of a trapezoidal field is square yards. Its altitude is yards. Find the two bases, if the number of yards in each base is an integer divisible by The number of solutions to this problem is:
零组
None
一组
One
两组
Two
三组
Three
多于三组
More than three
小提示:
用梯形面积公式求两条底边之和
Use the trapezoid area formula to find the sum of the two bases
大提示:
列出和为该数的所有正的 的倍数无序对
List the unordered pairs of positive multiples of with that sum
解答:
若两条底边为 ,则 所以 。由正的 的倍数组成的无序对为 因此共有三组解。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If the bases are then so The unordered positive pairs of multiples of are There are three solutions.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
39.
若一个长方形的周长为 ,对角线长为 ,则其长与宽之差为:
If the perimeter of a rectangle is and its diagonal is the difference between the length and width of the rectangle is:
小提示:
设两条边长为 和 ,并分别写出关于 与 的方程
Let the side lengths be and , and write equations for and
大提示:
写出 ,再减去 ,得到
Write , then subtract to obtain
解答:
由周长和对角线可得 因此 取非负平方根,得到
因此,正确答案是 A。
The perimeter and diagonal give Hence Taking the nonnegative square root gives
Thus, the correct answer is A.
40.
为了绘制 的图像,人们制作了一张数值表。对于一组等距递增的 值,函数值依次为 、、、、、、 和 。其中不正确的是:
In order to draw a graph of a table of values was constructed. These values of the function for a set of equally spaced increasing values of were and The one which is incorrect is:
以上均不是
None of these
小提示:
二次函数在等距输入值处的函数值具有恒定的二阶差
A quadratic sampled at equally spaced inputs has constant second differences
大提示:
相邻数值还表明它们可能是连续的完全平方数;先检查表中每个数值,再查看错误值是否出现在选项中
The surrounding values also suggest consecutive perfect squares; check every displayed table value before checking which values appear among the choices
解答:
这些数值应当是连续的平方数 即 、。因此,表中错误的数值是 ,但它不在选项 A–D 中。
所以,列出的四个数都不是错误值,正确答案是 E。
The values are intended to be the consecutive squares These are Thus the incorrect table entry is but it is not one of choices A-D.
Consequently none of the four listed numbers is incorrect, so the correct answer is E.
41.
将一个圆柱的半径增加 个单位,体积增加 个立方单位。将该圆柱的高增加 个单位,体积也增加 个立方单位。若原来的高为 ,则原来的半径为:
Increasing the radius of a cylinder by units increases the volume by cubic units. Increasing the altitude of the cylinder by units also increases the volume by cubic units. If the original altitude is then the original radius is:
小提示:
设原半径为 ,分别写出两种体积增量
Let the original radius be and write each of the two volume increases
大提示:
令 与 相等
Equate and
解答:
原高为 、原半径为 时,增加半径所增加的体积为 个立方单位。将高增加 所增加的体积为 个立方单位。令二者相等,得到 即 。其正根为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
With original height and radius increasing the radius adds cubic units. Increasing the height by adds cubic units. Equating these gives or Its positive root is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
42.
设 表示一个循环小数。若 表示 位数字,它们是 中不循环的部分; 表示循环的 位数字,则下列表达式中不正确的是:
Let represent a repeating decimal. If denotes the figures of which do not repeat themselves, and denotes the figures which do repeat themselves, then the incorrect expression is:
小提示:
先将小数点越过 位非循环数字,再越过一组 位循环数字
Shift the decimal point first past the nonrepeating digits and then past one block of repeating digits
大提示:
把 作为减数,从 中减去,并将结果与选项 D 比较
Subtract from and compare the result with choice D
解答:
小数点越过非循环部分后,再越过一组循环部分后,两式相减,得到标准关系 这并非选项 D 所写的 。
因此,不正确的表达式是选项 D,这也是本题的正确答案。
After shifting past the nonrepeating block, and after shifting one repeating block farther, Subtracting yields the standard relation This is not as stated in choice D.
Thus, the incorrect expression, and hence the correct answer, is D.
43.
将一个圆的直径分成 等份,并以每一份为直径作半圆。当 变得非常大时,这些半圆的弧长之和趋近于:
The diameter of a circle is divided into equal parts. On each part a semicircle is constructed. As becomes very large, the sum of the lengths of the arcs of the semicircles approaches a length:
原圆周长的一半
Equal to the semi-circumference of the original circle
原圆的直径
Equal to the diameter of the original circle
大于原圆的直径,但小于原圆周长的一半
Greater than the diameter but less than the semi-circumference of the original circle
无穷大
That is infinite
大于原圆周长的一半,但为有限值
Greater than the semi-circumference but finite
小提示:
设原圆直径为 ,则每个小半圆的直径为
Let the original diameter be , so each small semicircle has diameter
大提示:
将一个小半圆的弧长乘以份数
Multiply the arc length of one small semicircle by the number of parts
解答:
每个小半圆的直径为 ,所以弧长为 。全部 条弧的长度之和为 恰好等于原圆周长的一半。这个等式对每个正 都成立,而不仅仅在极限情况下成立。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Each small semicircle has diameter so its arc length is The sum of all arc lengths is exactly the semi-circumference of the original circle. This equality holds for every positive not merely in the limit.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
44.
若一个两位整数等于其各位数字之和的 倍,则将两位数字对调后所得的数等于各位数字之和乘以:
If an integer of two digits is times the sum of its digits, the number formed by interchanging the digits is the sum of the digits multiplied by:
小提示:
设两位数字为 和 ,并表示原数与倒序数
Let the two digits be and , and express both the original and reversed numbers
大提示:
两个数之和为
The two numbers add to
解答:
设原数为 。倒序数为 。因为 所以倒序数等于
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the original number be The reversed number is Since the reversed number equals
Thus, the correct answer is C.
45.
若 与 是两个不相等的正数,则:
If and are two unequal positive numbers, then:
答案:E
小提示:
识别 与 的算术平均数、几何平均数和调和平均数
Recognize the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means of and
大提示:
对于不相等的正数,各平均值之间的不等式为严格不等式
For unequal positive numbers, the mean inequalities are strict
解答:
对不相等的正数 ,算术平均值与几何平均值不等式给出 对 与 使用同一不等式,得到 因此,从大到小依次为算术平均数、几何平均数、调和平均数。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The arithmetic-geometric mean inequality gives for unequal positive Applying the same inequality to and gives Therefore the decreasing order is arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
46.
一个新长方形的底边等于某个已知长方形的对角线与较长边之和,新长方形的高等于该对角线与较长边之差。新长方形的面积:
The base of a new rectangle equals the sum of the diagonal and the greater side of a given rectangle, while the altitude of the new rectangle equals the difference of the diagonal and the greater side of the given rectangle. The area of the new rectangle is:
大于已知长方形的面积
Greater than the area of the given rectangle
等于已知长方形的面积
Equal to the area of the given rectangle
等于以已知长方形较短边为边长的正方形面积
Equal to the area of a square with its side equal to the smaller side of the given rectangle
等于以已知长方形较长边为边长的正方形面积
Equal to the area of a square with its side equal to the greater side of the given rectangle
等于以已知长方形的对角线和较短边为两边的长方形面积
Equal to the area of a rectangle whose dimensions are the diagonal and shorter side of the given rectangle
小提示:
设对角线长为 ,较长边和较短边分别为
Let be the diagonal and the greater and smaller sides
大提示:
新长方形的面积为
The new area is
解答:
设较长边和较短边的长度分别为 和 ,对角线长为 。新长方形的面积为 由勾股定理,,所以新面积为 。这正是以原长方形较短边为边长的正方形面积。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the greater and smaller side lengths be and and let the diagonal be The new rectangle’s area is The Pythagorean theorem gives so the new area is This is the area of a square whose side equals the smaller side of the original rectangle.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
47.
对方程组 、、,按 、、 的顺序,其整数解为:
In the set of equations the integral roots in the order are:
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
小提示:
比较 中的指数,得到 关于 的表达式
Compare exponents in to express in terms of
大提示:
对题目预期的正数解, 给出 ;将两个关系都代入和式
For the intended positive solution, gives ; substitute both relations into the sum
解答:
对于题目预期的正整数解,第一个方程给出 。第二个方程为 所以 ,且 。代入 ,得到 正整数解为 ,从而 、。直接代入即可验证三个方程均成立。
因此,题目各选项中预期的答案是 D。
For the intended positive integral solution, the first equation gives The second equation is so and Substituting into gives The positive integral solution is which gives and Direct substitution verifies all three displayed equations.
Thus, the intended listed answer is D.
48.
两名骑车人相距 英里并同时出发。若同向行驶,他们会在 小时后相遇;若反向行驶,他们会在 小时后相遇。较快者与较慢者的速度之比为:
Two cyclists, miles apart, and starting at the same time, would be together in hours if they traveled in the same direction, but would pass each other in hours if they traveled in opposite directions. The ratio of the speed of the faster cyclist to that of the slower is:
小提示:
设较快者与较慢者的速度分别为 和 ,写出同向与反向行驶的相对速度方程
Let the faster and slower speeds be and , and write the same-direction and opposite-direction relative-speed equations
大提示:
使用 和 ,再求
Use and , then solve for
解答:
设两人的速度满足 。两个相遇条件给出 将两式相加、相减,得到 因此
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let the speeds be The two meeting conditions give Adding and subtracting these equations yields Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is A.
49.
在图中,、 和 分别是所在边长的三分之一。由此可得 ,直线 与 上也有类似关系。则三角形 的面积为:
In the figure, and are one-third of their respective sides. It follows that and similarly for lines and Then the area of triangle is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
面积比在仿射变换下不变,所以可为三角形 选取方便的坐标
Area ratios are affine-invariant, so choose convenient coordinates for triangle
大提示:
由三分之一条件确定 ,求三条塞瓦线的交点,再用行列式比较两个面积
Locate by the one-third conditions, intersect the three cevians, and compare the two areas with determinants
解答:
取 、、。则 分别求 两两相交的交点,得到 行列式面积公式给出 因此 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Use Then Intersecting in pairs gives The determinant area formula gives Hence
Thus, the correct answer is C.
50.
一条初始长度为 英寸的线段按下列规律增长,其中第一项为初始长度。若增长过程无限继续,线段长度的极限为:
A line initially inch long grows according to the following law, where the first term is the initial length. If the growth process continues forever, the limit of the length of the line is:
小提示:
将含有相同 的幂的每一对项分为一组
Group each pair having the same power of
大提示:
初始项 之后的各项之和等于
The terms after the initial equal
解答:
在初始项之后,每个幂 分别单独出现一次,并乘以 出现一次。因为 ,所以极限为
因此,正确答案是 D。
After the initial term, each power appears once by itself and once multiplied by Since the limit is
Thus, the correct answer is D.