1952 AMC 12 详解

向下滚动即可查看来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh 的精心整理的解答,打印PDF 解答,查看答案,或参加完整限时模拟考试

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

若一个圆的半径是有理数,则其面积是:

If the radius of a circle is a rational number, its area is given by a number which is:

有理数

Rational

无理数

Irrational

整数

Integral

完全平方数

A perfect square

以上答案均不正确

None of these

知识点:圆面积
难度评级:920
小提示:

用半径和 π\pi 表示圆的面积

Write the area in terms of the radius and π\pi

大提示:

圆的半径为正数,所以这个有理数的平方不为零

A circle’s radius is positive, so its rational square is nonzero

解答:

若正有理数半径为 rr,则圆的面积为 πr2\pi r^2。因数 r2r^2 是非零有理数,而无理数 π\pi 的非零有理数倍仍是无理数。

因此,正确答案是 B

If the positive rational radius is r,r, then its area is πr2.\pi r^2. The factor r2r^2 is a nonzero rational number, and a nonzero rational multiple of the irrational number π\pi is irrational.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

2.

两个高中班级参加了同一场考试。一个班的 2020 名学生平均成绩为 80%80\%;另一个班的 3030 名学生平均成绩为 70%70\%。两个班全体学生的平均成绩为:

Two high school classes took the same test. One class of 2020 students made an average grade of 80%80\%; the other class of 3030 students made an average grade of 70%.70\%. The average grade for all students in both classes is:

75%75\%

74%74\%

72%72\%

77%77\%

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1070
小提示:

按各班学生人数对该班平均成绩加权

Weight each class average by the number of students in that class

大提示:

总平均成绩为 20(80)+30(70)50\dfrac{20(80)+30(70)}{50}

The combined average is 20(80)+30(70)50\dfrac{20(80)+30(70)}{50}

解答:

两个班的成绩总和为 20(80)+30(70)=3700 20(80)+30(70)=3700 个百分点,共有 5050 名学生。因此,总平均成绩为 370050=74%\frac{3700}{50}=74\%

因此,正确答案是 B

The two classes earned a combined total of 20(80)+30(70)=3700 20(80)+30(70)=3700 percentage points among 5050 students. Their combined average is 370050=74%.\frac{3700}{50}=74\%.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

3.

表达式 a3a3a^3-a^{-3} 等于:

The expression a3a3a^3-a^{-3} equals:

(a1a)(a2+1+1a2)\left(a-\dfrac1a\right)\left(a^2+1+\dfrac1{a^2}\right)

(1aa)(a21+1a2)\left(\dfrac1a-a\right)\left(a^2-1+\dfrac1{a^2}\right)

(a1a)(a22+1a2)\left(a-\dfrac1a\right)\left(a^2-2+\dfrac1{a^2}\right)

(1aa)(1a2+1+a2)\left(\dfrac1a-a\right)\left(\dfrac1{a^2}+1+a^2\right)

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1430
小提示:

将该表达式视为两个立方数之差

View the expression as a difference of two cubes

大提示:

使用 u3v3=(uv)(u2+uv+v2)u^3-v^3=(u-v)(u^2+uv+v^2),其中 v=1av=\frac{1}{a}

Use u3v3=(uv)(u2+uv+v2)u^3-v^3=(u-v)(u^2+uv+v^2) with v=1av=\frac{1}{a}

解答:

u=au=av=1av=\frac{1}{a} 时使用立方差公式。因为 uv=1uv=1,所以 a31a3=(a1a)(a2+1+1a2) \begin{aligned} a^3-\frac1{a^3} &=\left(a-\frac1a\right)\\ &\quad{}\cdot\left(a^2+1+\frac1{a^2}\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Apply the difference-of-cubes identity with u=au=a and v=1a.v=\frac{1}{a}. Since uv=1,uv=1, a31a3=(a1a)(a2+1+1a2). \begin{aligned} a^3-\frac1{a^3} &=\left(a-\frac1a\right)\\ &\quad{}\cdot\left(a^2+1+\frac1{a^2}\right). \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

4.

邮寄包裹的费用为 CC 美分。包裹重 PP 磅,且 PP 是整数。第一磅收费 1010 美分,此后每增加一磅收费 33 美分。费用公式为:

The cost CC of sending a parcel post package weighing PP pounds, PP an integer, is 1010 cents for the first pound and 33 cents for each additional pound. The formula for the cost is:

C=10+3PC=10+3P

C=10P+3C=10P+3

C=10+3(P1)C=10+3(P-1)

C=9+3PC=9+3P

C=10P7C=10P-7

知识点:钱币一次方程
难度评级:960
小提示:

只有第一磅以后的重量才按每增加一磅的费率收费

Only the pounds after the first are charged at the additional-pound rate

大提示:

一个重 PP 磅的包裹有 P1P-1 磅属于额外重量

A PP-pound package has P1P-1 additional pounds

解答:

第一磅收费 1010 美分。其余 P1P-1 磅收费 3(P1)3(P-1) 美分,所以 C=10+3(P1) C=10+3(P-1)\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

The first pound costs 1010 cents. The remaining P1P-1 pounds cost 3(P1)3(P-1) cents, so C=10+3(P1). C=10+3(P-1).

Thus, the correct answer is C.

5.

(6,12)(6,12)(0,6)(0,-6) 两点作直线。该直线上的另一个点是:

The points (6,12)(6,12) and (0,6)(0,-6) are connected by a straight line. Another point on this line is:

(3,3)(3,3)

(2,1)(2,1)

(7,16)(7,16)

(1,4)(-1,-4)

(3,8)(-3,-8)

知识点:坐标几何斜率
难度评级:1100
小提示:

求经过两个已知点的直线斜率

Find the slope through the two given points

大提示:

该直线的方程为 y=3x6y=3x-6

The line has equation y=3x6y=3x-6

解答:

斜率为 12(6)60=3 \frac{12-(-6)}{6-0}=3\text{,}所以直线方程为 y=3x6y=3x-6。代入 x=3x=3,得到 y=3y=3

因此,正确答案是 A

The slope is 12(6)60=3, \frac{12-(-6)}{6-0}=3, so the line is y=3x6.y=3x-6. Substituting x=3x=3 gives y=3.y=3.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

6.

方程 x27x9=0x^2-7x-9=0 两根之差为:

The difference of the roots of x27x9=0x^2-7x-9=0 is:

+7+7

+72+\dfrac72

+9+9

2852\sqrt{85}

85\sqrt{85}

知识点:二次方程
难度评级:1540
小提示:

用求根公式写出两个根

Write the two roots using the quadratic formula

大提示:

因为首项系数为 11,所以两根之差是判别式的平方根

Their separation is the square root of the discriminant because the leading coefficient is 11

解答:

两根为 7+49+362\dfrac{7+\sqrt{49+36}}2749+362\dfrac{7-\sqrt{49+36}}2。因此,它们的正差为 85\sqrt{85}

因此,正确答案是 E

The roots are 7+49+362\dfrac{7+\sqrt{49+36}}2 and 749+362.\dfrac{7-\sqrt{49+36}}2. Their positive difference is therefore 85.\sqrt{85}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

7.

化简 (x1+y1)1(x^{-1}+y^{-1})^{-1},结果等于:

When simplified, (x1+y1)1(x^{-1}+y^{-1})^{-1} is equal to:

x+yx+y

xyx+y\dfrac{xy}{x+y}

xyxy

1xy\dfrac1{xy}

x+yxy\dfrac{x+y}{xy}

知识点:指数代数变形
难度评级:1290
小提示:

先将 1x+1y\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y} 通分成一个分式

First combine 1x+1y\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y} into one fraction

大提示:

然后,指数 1-1 表示取倒数

The exponent 1-1 then takes the reciprocal

解答:

通分后再取倒数,得到 (1x+1y)1=(x+yxy)1=xyx+y \begin{aligned} \left(\frac1x+\frac1y\right)^{-1} &=\left(\frac{x+y}{xy}\right)^{-1}\\ &=\frac{xy}{x+y} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Combining the terms and then taking the reciprocal gives (1x+1y)1=(x+yxy)1=xyx+y. \begin{aligned} \left(\frac1x+\frac1y\right)^{-1} &=\left(\frac{x+y}{xy}\right)^{-1}\\ &=\frac{xy}{x+y}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

8.

同一平面内两个半径相等的圆,其公切线条数不可能是:

Two equal circles in the same plane cannot have the following number of common tangents:

11

22

33

44

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1430
小提示:

分别考虑两个等圆相交、外切和相离的情形

Consider intersecting, externally tangent, and disjoint equal circles

大提示:

除非两圆重合,否则内切要求两圆半径不相等

An internal tangency would require unequal radii unless the circles coincide

解答:

两个不同的等圆相交时有 22 条公切线,外切时有 33 条,相离时有 44 条。它们不能内切,因为内切要求圆心距等于两半径之差,即 00。圆心距为 00 时,两个等圆重合,并有无穷多条公切线。

因此,恰有 11 条公切线是不可能的,所以正确答案是 A

Two distinct equal circles have 22 common tangents when they intersect, 33 when externally tangent, and 44 when disjoint. They cannot be internally tangent, because internal tangency requires the center distance to equal the difference of the radii, which is 0.0. At center distance 00 the equal circles coincide and have infinitely many common tangents.

Thus exactly 11 common tangent is impossible, so the correct answer is A.

9.

m=cababm=\dfrac{cab}{a-b},则 bb 等于:

If m=cabab,m=\dfrac{cab}{a-b}, then bb equals:

m(ab)ca\dfrac{m(a-b)}{ca}

cabmam\dfrac{cab-ma}{-m}

11+c\dfrac1{1+c}

mam+ca\dfrac{ma}{m+ca}

m+cama\dfrac{m+ca}{ma}

难度评级:1580
小提示:

先消去分母,再合并含 bb 的项

Clear the denominator before collecting the terms containing bb

大提示:

方程化为 ma=b(m+ca)ma=b(m+ca)

The equation becomes ma=b(m+ca)ma=b(m+ca)

解答:

消去分母,得到 m(ab)=cab m(a-b)=cab\text{。}因此 ma=b(m+ca)ma=b(m+ca),所以 b=mam+ca b=\frac{ma}{m+ca}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Clearing the denominator gives m(ab)=cab. m(a-b)=cab. Hence ma=b(m+ca)ma=b(m+ca), so b=mam+ca. b=\frac{ma}{m+ca}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

10.

一辆汽车以每小时 1010 英里的速度上山,又以每小时 2020 英里的速度沿相同路程下山。往返的平均速度为:

An automobile went up a hill at a speed of 1010 miles an hour and down the same distance at a speed of 2020 miles an hour. The average speed for the round trip was:

121212\dfrac12 英里/小时

121212\dfrac12 mph

131313\dfrac13 英里/小时

131313\dfrac13 mph

141214\dfrac12 英里/小时

141214\dfrac12 mph

1515 英里/小时

1515 mph

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1240
小提示:

利用两段路程相等,而不要直接对两个速度取平均

Use equal distances rather than averaging the two speeds directly

大提示:

设单程为一英里,用总路程 22 除以总时间 110+120\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{20}

For a one-mile trip each way, divide the total distance 22 by the total time 110+120\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{20}

解答:

若单程为一英里,则总时间为 110+120=320 \frac1{10}+\frac1{20}=\frac3{20} 小时。因此,平均速度为 2320=403=1313 英里/小时。 \frac{2}{\frac{3}{20}}=\frac{40}{3} =13\frac13\text{ 英里/小时}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

For one mile in each direction, the total time is 110+120=320 \frac1{10}+\frac1{20}=\frac3{20} hour. Thus the average speed is 2320=403=1313 mph. \frac{2}{\frac{3}{20}}=\frac{40}{3} =13\frac13\text{ mph}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

11.

y=f(x)=x+2x1y=f(x)=\dfrac{x+2}{x-1},则下列说法不正确的是:

If y=f(x)=x+2x1,y=f(x)=\dfrac{x+2}{x-1}, then it is incorrect to say:

x=y+2y1x=\dfrac{y+2}{y-1}

f(0)=2f(0)=-2

f(1)=0f(1)=0

f(2)=0f(-2)=0

f(y)=xf(y)=x

知识点:函数分式方程
难度评级:1580
小提示:

代入求值前,先检查有理函数的定义域

Check the domain of the rational function before evaluating it

大提示:

分母在某个给出的输入值处为零

The denominator vanishes at one of the listed inputs

解答:

该函数在 x=1x=1 处无定义,因为此时分母为零,所以 f(1)=0f(1)=0 是错误的。其他说法均成立:f(0)=2f(0)=-2f(2)=0f(-2)=0;解方程 y=x+2x1y=\frac{x+2}{x-1}x=y+2y1x=\frac{y+2}{y-1},同一公式也说明 ff 是自身的反函数。

因此,正确答案是 C

The function is undefined at x=1x=1 because its denominator is zero there, so f(1)=0f(1)=0 is false. The other statements hold: f(0)=2,f(0)=-2, f(2)=0,f(-2)=0, solving y=x+2x1y=\frac{x+2}{x-1} gives x=y+2y1,x=\frac{y+2}{y-1}, and this same formula shows that ff is its own inverse.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

12.

一个无穷等比数列的和为 66。前两项之和为 4124\dfrac12。该数列的首项为:

The sum to infinity of the terms of an infinite geometric progression is 6.6. The sum of the first two terms is 412.4\dfrac12. The first term of the progression is:

331121\dfrac12

33 or 1121\dfrac12

11

2122\dfrac12

66

9933

99 or 33

难度评级:1770
小提示:

设首项为 aa,公比为 rr

Let the first term be aa and the common ratio be rr

大提示:

a=6(1r)a=6(1-r) 代入方程 a(1+r)=92a(1+r)=\frac{9}{2}

Use a=6(1r)a=6(1-r) in the equation a(1+r)=92a(1+r)=\frac{9}{2}

解答:

设首项为 aa,公比为 rr。由无穷和可得 a=6(1r)a=6(1-r)。因此,前两项满足 a(1+r)=6(1r2)=92 a(1+r)=6(1-r^2)=\frac92\text{。}所以 r2=14r^2=\frac{1}{4}:当 r=12r=\frac{1}{2}a=3a=3,当 r=12r=-\frac{1}{2}a=9a=9

因此,正确答案是 E

Let the first term be aa and the common ratio be r.r. The infinite sum gives a=6(1r).a=6(1-r). The first two terms therefore satisfy a(1+r)=6(1r2)=92. a(1+r)=6(1-r^2)=\frac92. Thus r2=14,r^2=\frac{1}{4}, so r=12r=\frac{1}{2} gives a=3,a=3, while r=12r=-\frac{1}{2} gives a=9.a=9.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

13.

函数 x2+px+qx^2+px+q 中,ppqq 均大于零。该函数在下列哪一条件下取得最小值?

The function x2+px+qx^2+px+q with pp and qq greater than zero has its minimum value when:

x=px=-p

x=p2x=\dfrac p2

x=2px=-2p

x=p24qx=\dfrac{p^2}{4q}

x=p2x=-\dfrac p2

难度评级:1470
小提示:

x2+pxx^2+px 配方

Complete the square in the terms x2+pxx^2+px

大提示:

x+p2=0x+\frac{p}{2}=0 时,平方项最小

The squared term is minimized when x+p2=0x+\frac{p}{2}=0

解答:

配方得到 x2+px+q=(x+p2)2+qp24 \begin{aligned} x^2+px+q &=\left(x+\frac p2\right)^2\\ &\quad{}+q-\frac{p^2}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}x=p2x=-\frac{p}{2} 时,平方项最小。

因此,正确答案是 E

Completing the square gives x2+px+q=(x+p2)2+qp24. \begin{aligned} x^2+px+q &=\left(x+\frac p2\right)^2\\ &\quad{}+q-\frac{p^2}{4}. \end{aligned} The square is least when x=p2.x=-\frac{p}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

14.

一栋房屋和一家商店分别以 $12000\$12000 售出。房屋的售价比成本低 20%20\%,商店的售价比成本高 20%20\%。整个交易的结果是:

A house and store were sold for $12000\$12000 each. The house was sold at a loss of 20%20\% of the cost, and the store at a gain of 20%20\% of the cost. The entire transaction resulted in:

不赚不赔

No loss or gain

亏损 $1000\$1000

Loss of $1000\$1000

获利 $1000\$1000

Gain of $1000\$1000

获利 $2000\$2000

Gain of $2000\$2000

以上答案均不正确

None of these

知识点:百分数钱币
难度评级:1310
小提示:

分别由两件资产的售价反求原成本

Recover each original cost from its selling price separately

大提示:

房屋售价为成本的 80%80\%,商店售价为成本的 120%120\%

The house sold for 80%80\% of cost, while the store sold for 120%120\% of cost

解答:

房屋成本为 120000.8=15000\frac{12000}{0.8}=15000 美元,商店成本为 120001.2=10000\frac{12000}{1.2}=10000 美元。总成本为 2500025000 美元,总售价为 2400024000 美元,因此亏损 10001000 美元。

因此,正确答案是 B

The house cost 120000.8=15000\frac{12000}{0.8}=15000 dollars, and the store cost 120001.2=10000\frac{12000}{1.2}=10000 dollars. The combined cost was 2500025000 dollars, while the combined selling price was 2400024000 dollars, producing a loss of 10001000 dollars.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

15.

一个三角形的三边之比为 6:8:96:8:9。则:

The sides of a triangle are in the ratio 6:8:9.6:8:9. Then:

该三角形是钝角三角形

The triangle is obtuse

三个角之比为 6:8:96:8:9

The angles are in the ratio 6:8:96:8:9

该三角形是锐角三角形

The triangle is acute

最大边所对的角是最小边所对角的两倍

The angle opposite the largest side is double the angle opposite the smallest side

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1410
小提示:

比较最大边的平方与另外两边平方之和

Compare the square of the largest side with the sum of the squares of the other two

大提示:

此处 929^2 小于 62+826^2+8^2

Here 929^2 is less than 62+826^2+8^2

解答:

该三角形的最大边为 99,且 92=81<62+82=100 9^2=81\lt 6^2+8^2=100\text{。}由勾股不等式的逆定理,边 99 所对的角为锐角。由于它是最大角,所以所有角都是锐角。

因此,正确答案是 C

For a triangle with largest side 9,9, 92=81<62+82=100. 9^2=81\lt 6^2+8^2=100. By the converse of the Pythagorean inequality, the angle opposite side 99 is acute. Since it is the largest angle, every angle is acute.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

16.

若一个长方形的底边增加 10%10\%,而面积不变,则高减少:

If the base of a rectangle is increased by 10%10\% and the area is unchanged, then the altitude is decreased by:

9%9\%

10%10\%

11%11\%

1119%11\dfrac19\%

9111%9\dfrac1{11}\%

难度评级:1290
小提示:

新的高必须除以底边所乘的同一个倍数

The new altitude must be divided by the same factor by which the base was multiplied

大提示:

底边增加 10%10\%,相当于将底边乘以 1110\frac{11}{10}

A 10%10\% base increase multiplies the base by 1110\frac{11}{10}

解答:

要保持面积不变,高应乘以 1011\frac{10}{11}。其减少的比例为 11011=111 1-\frac{10}{11}=\frac1{11}\text{,}10011%=9111%\frac{100}{11}\%=9\dfrac1{11}\%

因此,正确答案是 E

To keep the area fixed, the altitude is multiplied by 1011.\frac{10}{11}. Its fractional decrease is 11011=111, 1-\frac{10}{11}=\frac1{11}, which is 10011%=9111%.\frac{100}{11}\%=9\dfrac1{11}\%.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

17.

一位商人以低于标价 20%20\% 的价格购入一批商品。他希望定出一个价格,使商品按此定价打 20%20\% 折扣出售后,仍能获得相当于售价 20%20\% 的利润。他所定价格应为原标价的百分之多少?

A merchant bought some goods at a discount of 20%20\% of the list price. He wants to mark them at such a price that he can give a discount of 20%20\% of the marked price and still make a profit of 20%20\% of the selling price. The percent of the list price at which he should mark them is:

2020

100100

125125

8080

120120

难度评级:1740
小提示:

将原标价设为 11,并区分成本、所定价格和售价

Normalize the list price to 11 and distinguish cost, marked price, and selling price

大提示:

利润等于售价的 20%20\%,意味着成本是售价的 80%80\%

A profit equal to 20%20\% of selling price means the cost is 80%80\% of selling price

解答:

设原标价为 11。商人的成本为 0.80.8。若售价为 SS,则 S0.8=0.2SS-0.8=0.2S,所以 S=1S=1。若所定价格为 MM,打 20%20\% 折扣后有 0.8M=S=10.8M=S=1,因此 M=1.25M=1.25

因此,所定价格应为原标价的 125%125\%,所以正确答案是 C

Let the list price be 1.1. The merchant’s cost is 0.8.0.8. If the selling price is S,S, then S0.8=0.2S,S-0.8=0.2S, so S=1.S=1. If the marked price is M,M, the 20%20\% discount gives 0.8M=S=1,0.8M=S=1, hence M=1.25.M=1.25.

The marked price must therefore be 125%125\% of the list price, so the correct answer is C.

18.

logp+logq=log(p+q)\log p+\log q=\log(p+q) 成立的必要条件是:

logp+logq=log(p+q)\log p+\log q=\log(p+q) only if:

p=q=0p=q=0

p=q21qp=\dfrac{q^2}{1-q}

p=q=1p=q=1

p=qq1p=\dfrac q{q-1}

p=qq+1p=\dfrac q{q+1}

知识点:对数分式方程
难度评级:1640
小提示:

先合并左边的对数,再令两个正真数相等

Combine the logarithms on the left before equating their positive arguments

大提示:

pq=p+qpq=p+q 解出 pp

Solve pq=p+qpq=p+q for pp

解答:

利用对数乘积法则,原方程化为 log(pq)=log(p+q)\log(pq)=\log(p+q),所以两个正真数必须满足 pq=p+q pq=p+q\text{。}因此 p(q1)=qp(q-1)=q,得到 p=qq1p=\frac{q}{q-1}。允许的取值满足 q>1q\gt1,这也保证所有对数的真数为正。

因此,正确答案是 D

The logarithm product rule changes the equation to log(pq)=log(p+q),\log(pq)=\log(p+q), so the positive arguments must satisfy pq=p+q. pq=p+q. Therefore p(q1)=q,p(q-1)=q, giving p=qq1.p=\frac{q}{q-1}. Its admissible values have q>1,q\gt1, which also keeps all logarithm arguments positive.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

19.

BB 是三角形 ABCABC 的一个内角,并被 BDBDBEBE 三等分;这两条线分别与 ACAC 相交于 DDEE。则:

Angle BB of triangle ABCABC is trisected by BDBD and BE,BE, which meet ACAC at DD and E,E, respectively. Then:

ADEC=AEDC\dfrac{AD}{EC}=\dfrac{AE}{DC}

ADEC=ABBC\dfrac{AD}{EC}=\dfrac{AB}{BC}

ADEC=BDBE\dfrac{AD}{EC}=\dfrac{BD}{BE}

ADEC=ABBDBEBC\dfrac{AD}{EC}=\dfrac{AB\cdot BD}{BE\cdot BC}

ADEC=AEBDDCBE\dfrac{AD}{EC}=\dfrac{AE\cdot BD}{DC\cdot BE}

知识点:面积比导角
难度评级:2060
小提示:

用两种不同的方法比较三角形 ABDABDEBCEBC 的面积

Compare the areas of triangles ABDABD and EBCEBC in two different ways

大提示:

它们的底边都在 ACAC 上,且在 BB 点的夹角是相等的三等分角

They have bases on ACAC, and their included angles at BB are equal trisection angles

解答:

三角形 ABDABDEBCEBC 的底边 ADADECEC 位于同一直线 ACAC 上,所以从 BB 到该直线的公共高给出 [ABD][EBC]=ADEC \frac{[ABD]}{[EBC]}=\frac{AD}{EC}\text{。}又有 ABD=EBC\angle ABD=\angle EBC,因为两者都是角 BB 的三分之一。再用两边及其夹角表示同一个面积比,得到 [ABD][EBC]=ABBDBEBC \frac{[ABD]}{[EBC]} =\frac{AB\cdot BD}{BE\cdot BC}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Triangles ABDABD and EBCEBC have bases ADAD and ECEC on the same line AC,AC, so their common altitude from BB gives [ABD][EBC]=ADEC. \frac{[ABD]}{[EBC]}=\frac{AD}{EC}. Also, ABD=EBC\angle ABD=\angle EBC because both are one-third of angle B.B. Using two sides and the included angle for the same area ratio gives [ABD][EBC]=ABBDBEBC. \frac{[ABD]}{[EBC]} =\frac{AB\cdot BD}{BE\cdot BC}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

20.

xy=34\dfrac xy=\dfrac34,则下列表达式中不正确的是:

If xy=34,\dfrac xy=\dfrac34, then the incorrect expression in the following is:

x+yy=74\dfrac{x+y}{y}=\dfrac74

yyx=41\dfrac{y}{y-x}=\dfrac41

x+2yx=113\dfrac{x+2y}{x}=\dfrac{11}3

x2y=38\dfrac{x}{2y}=\dfrac38

xyy=14\dfrac{x-y}{y}=\dfrac14

难度评级:1260
小提示:

x=3kx=3ky=4ky=4k

Let x=3kx=3k and y=4ky=4k

大提示:

注意 xyx-y 的符号

Pay attention to the sign of xyx-y

解答:

x=3kx=3ky=4ky=4k。前四个表达式依次为 74\frac{7}{4}44113\frac{11}{3}38\frac{3}{8}。但 xyy=3k4k4k=14 \frac{x-y}{y}=\frac{3k-4k}{4k}=-\frac14\text{,}而不是 14\frac{1}{4}

因此,正确答案是 E

Set x=3kx=3k and y=4k.y=4k. The first four expressions become 74,\frac{7}{4}, 4,4, 113,\frac{11}{3}, and 38,\frac{3}{8}, respectively. But xyy=3k4k4k=14, \frac{x-y}{y}=\frac{3k-4k}{4k}=-\frac14, not 14.\frac{1}{4}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

21.

将一个 nn 边正多边形的各边延长,形成一个星形,其中 n>4n\gt4。星形每个尖角的度数为:

The sides of a regular polygon of nn sides, n>4,n\gt4, are extended to form a star. The number of degrees at each point of the star is:

360n\dfrac{360}{n}

(n4)180n\dfrac{(n-4)180}{n}

(n2)180n\dfrac{(n-2)180}{n}

18090n180-\dfrac{90}{n}

180n\dfrac{180}{n}

难度评级:1500
小提示:

将星形的一个尖角与其两个底角顶点处的外角联系起来

Relate a star point to the exterior angle at each of its two base vertices

大提示:

星形的一个尖角与正多边形的两个外角组成一个内角和为平角的三角形

The angle at a star point and two exterior angles of the regular polygon form a straight-angle triangle

解答:

nn 边形的每个外角为 360n\frac{360}{n} 度。形成星形一个尖角的两条边与它们之间的多边形边组成一个三角形,其两个底角就是这两个外角。因此,该尖角为 1802(360n)=(n4)180n 180-2\left(\frac{360}{n}\right) =\frac{(n-4)180}{n}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Each exterior angle of a regular nn-gon is 360n\frac{360}{n} degrees. The two sides forming a point of the star, together with the intervening polygon side, make a triangle whose two base angles are those exterior angles. Hence its point angle is 1802(360n)=(n4)180n. 180-2\left(\frac{360}{n}\right) =\frac{(n-4)180}{n}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

22.

在斜边 ABAB 所属的直角三角形 ABCABC 上,又作直角三角形 ABDABD,它的斜边也是 ABAB。若 BC=1BC=1AC=bAC=b,且 AD=2AD=2,则 BDBD 等于:

On hypotenuse ABAB of a right triangle ABCABC a second right triangle ABDABD is constructed with hypotenuse AB.AB. If BC=1,BC=1, AC=b,AC=b, and AD=2,AD=2, then BDBD equals:

b2+1\sqrt{b^2+1}

b23\sqrt{b^2-3}

b2+1+2\sqrt{b^2+1}+2

b2+5b^2+5

b2+3\sqrt{b^2+3}

难度评级:1510
小提示:

先利用三角形 ABCABC 表示公共斜边 ABAB

Use triangle ABCABC first to express the common hypotenuse ABAB

大提示:

再对三角形 ABDABD 使用勾股定理,它的斜边是 ABAB

Then apply the Pythagorean theorem to triangle ABDABD, whose hypotenuse is ABAB

解答:

在第一个直角三角形中,AB2=AC2+BC2=b2+1 AB^2=AC^2+BC^2=b^2+1\text{。}在第二个直角三角形中,ABAB 是斜边且 AD=2AD=2,所以 BD2=AB2AD2=b2+14=b23 \begin{aligned} BD^2&=AB^2-AD^2\\ &=b^2+1-4=b^2-3 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 BD=b23BD=\sqrt{b^2-3}

因此,正确答案是 B

In the first right triangle, AB2=AC2+BC2=b2+1. AB^2=AC^2+BC^2=b^2+1. In the second right triangle, ABAB is the hypotenuse and AD=2,AD=2, so BD2=AB2AD2=b2+14=b23. \begin{aligned} BD^2&=AB^2-AD^2\\ &=b^2+1-4=b^2-3. \end{aligned} Therefore BD=b23.BD=\sqrt{b^2-3}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

23.

若方程 x2bxaxc=m1m+1\dfrac{x^2-bx}{ax-c}=\dfrac{m-1}{m+1} 的两根绝对值相等、符号相反,则 mm 的值必须为:

If x2bxaxc=m1m+1\dfrac{x^2-bx}{ax-c}=\dfrac{m-1}{m+1} has roots which are numerically equal but of opposite signs, the value of mm must be:

aba+b\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}

a+bab\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}

cc

1c\dfrac1c

11

难度评级:1740
小提示:

消去分母,并将方程整理成关于 xx 的二次方程

Clear the denominator and collect the equation as a quadratic in xx

大提示:

互为相反数的两根之和为零,所以 xx 的系数必须为零

Opposite roots have sum zero, so the coefficient of xx must vanish

解答:

交叉相乘,得到 (m+1)x2(m+1)bx(m1)ax+(m1)c=0 \begin{aligned} (m+1)x^2 &-(m+1)bx\\ &-(m-1)ax\\ &\quad{}+(m-1)c=0 \end{aligned}\text{。}绝对值相等、符号相反的两根之和为 00,所以 xx 的系数为 00。因此 m(a+b)+(ba)=0 m(a+b)+(b-a)=0\text{,}并且 m=aba+b m=\frac{a-b}{a+b}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Cross-multiplication gives (m+1)x2(m+1)bx(m1)ax+(m1)c=0. \begin{aligned} (m+1)x^2 &-(m+1)bx\\ &-(m-1)ax\\ &\quad{}+(m-1)c=0. \end{aligned} Roots that are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign have sum 0,0, so the coefficient of xx is 0.0. Thus m(a+b)+(ba)=0, m(a+b)+(b-a)=0, and m=aba+b. m=\frac{a-b}{a+b}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

24.

在图中,已知角 C=90C=90^\circAD=DBAD=DBDEABDE\perp ABAB=20AB=20,且 AC=12AC=12。四边形 ADECADEC 的面积为:

In the figure, it is given that angle C=90,C=90^\circ, AD=DB,AD=DB, DEAB,DE\perp AB, AB=20,AB=20, and AC=12.AC=12. The area of quadrilateral ADECADEC is:

7575

581258\dfrac12

4848

371237\dfrac12

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1760
小提示:

ABAB 放在 xx 轴上,并由两条边长求出 CC 的坐标

Place ABAB on the xx-axis and find the coordinates of CC from the two side lengths

大提示:

过中点 DD 的垂线与 CBCB 相交于 EE;再对 A,D,E,CA,D,E,C 使用鞋带公式

The perpendicular through midpoint DD meets CBCB at EE; then use the shoelace formula on A,D,E,CA,D,E,C

解答:

因为 AB=20AB=20AC=12AC=12,且角 CC 为直角,所以 BC=16BC=16。令 A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(20,0)B=(20,0)。解方程组 xC2+yC2=144,(xC20)2+yC2=256 \begin{aligned} x_C^2+y_C^2&=144,\\ (x_C-20)^2+y_C^2&=256 \end{aligned} C=(365,485)C=(\frac{36}{5},\frac{48}{5})。另有 D=(10,0)D=(10,0)

直线 CBCBx=10x=10 相交于 E=(10,152)E=(10,\frac{15}{2})。现在对 A,D,E,CA,D,E,C 使用鞋带公式,得到 [ADEC]=12(10152+10485152365)=1172=5812 \begin{aligned} [ADEC] &=\frac12\left( 10\cdot\frac{15}{2} +10\cdot\frac{48}{5}\right.\\ &\qquad\left.{} -\frac{15}{2}\cdot\frac{36}{5}\right)\\ &=\frac{117}{2}=58\frac12 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Since AB=20,AB=20, AC=12,AC=12, and angle CC is right, BC=16.BC=16. Put A=(0,0)A=(0,0) and B=(20,0).B=(20,0). Solving xC2+yC2=144,(xC20)2+yC2=256 \begin{aligned} x_C^2+y_C^2&=144,\\ (x_C-20)^2+y_C^2&=256 \end{aligned} gives C=(365,485).C=(\frac{36}{5},\frac{48}{5}). Also D=(10,0).D=(10,0).

The line CBCB meets x=10x=10 at E=(10,152).E=(10,\frac{15}{2}). The shoelace formula for A,D,E,CA,D,E,C now gives [ADEC]=12(10152+10485152365)=1172=5812. \begin{aligned} [ADEC] &=\frac12\left( 10\cdot\frac{15}{2} +10\cdot\frac{48}{5}\right.\\ &\qquad\left.{} -\frac{15}{2}\cdot\frac{36}{5}\right)\\ &=\frac{117}{2}=58\frac12. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

一名爆破工将引信设定为 3030 秒后爆炸。他以每秒 88 码的速度跑开。声音传播速度为每秒 10801080 英尺。当爆破工听到爆炸声时,他大约跑了:

A powderman set a fuse for a blast to take place in 3030 seconds. He ran away at a rate of 88 yards per second. Sound travels at the rate of 10801080 feet per second. When the powderman heard the blast, he had run approximately:

200200

200200 yd.

352352

352352 yd.

300300

300300 yd.

245245

245245 yd.

512512

512512 yd.

难度评级:1560
小提示:

设从点燃引信到听见声音的总秒数为 TT

Let TT be the total number of seconds from lighting the fuse until the sound is heard

大提示:

到时刻 TT 时,声音已传播 T30T-30 秒,其路程必须等于爆破工跑出的距离

At time TT, the sound has traveled for T30T-30 seconds and must cover the runner’s distance

解答:

设总时间为 TT 秒。爆破工与爆炸地点相距 8T8T 码,即 24T24T 英尺。因为声音在 3030 秒后才开始传播,所以 1080(T30)=24T 1080(T-30)=24T\text{。}因此 T=135044T=\frac{1350}{44} 秒,他跑出的距离为 8T=270011245.45 码。 8T=\frac{2700}{11}\approx245.45\text{ 码}\text{。}

选项中与之近似的是 245245 码,所以正确答案是 D

Let TT be the total time in seconds. The powderman is 8T8T yards, or 24T24T feet, from the blast. Because the sound starts after 3030 seconds, 1080(T30)=24T. 1080(T-30)=24T. Thus T=135044T=\frac{1350}{44} seconds, and the distance he ran is 8T=270011245.45 yards. 8T=\frac{2700}{11}\approx245.45\text{ yards}.

Approximately 245245 yards is the listed value, so the correct answer is D.

26.

(r+1r)2=3\left(r+\dfrac1r\right)^2=3,则 r3+1r3r^3+\dfrac1{r^3} 等于:

If (r+1r)2=3,\left(r+\dfrac1r\right)^2=3, then r3+1r3r^3+\dfrac1{r^3} equals

11

22

00

33

66

知识点:代数变形指数
难度评级:1420
小提示:

u=r+1ru=r+\frac{1}{r},并用 uu 表示所求的和

Let u=r+1ru=r+\frac{1}{r} and express the requested sum in terms of uu

大提示:

使用 r3+r3=u33ur^3+r^{-3}=u^3-3u

Use r3+r3=u33ur^3+r^{-3}=u^3-3u

解答:

u=r+1ru=r+\frac{1}{r}。展开 u3u^3,得到 r3+1r3=u33u r^3+\frac1{r^3}=u^3-3u\text{。}因为 u2=3u^2=3,该式变为 u(u23)=0u(u^2-3)=0

因此,所求值为 00,所以正确答案是 C

Let u=r+1r.u=r+\frac{1}{r}. Expanding u3u^3 gives r3+1r3=u33u. r^3+\frac1{r^3}=u^3-3u. Since u2=3,u^2=3, this becomes u(u23)=0.u(u^2-3)=0.

Thus the value is 0,0, so the correct answer is C.

27.

一个等边三角形的高等于某圆的半径。该三角形的周长与内接于此圆的等边三角形周长之比为:

The ratio of the perimeter of an equilateral triangle having an altitude equal to the radius of a circle, to the perimeter of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle is:

1:21:2

1:31:3

1:31:\sqrt3

3:2\sqrt3:2

2:32:3

难度评级:1560
小提示:

用同一个圆的半径 RR 表示两个等边三角形的边长

Express each equilateral triangle’s side length in terms of the same circle radius RR

大提示:

高为 RR 的等边三角形边长为 2R3\frac{2R}{\sqrt3},而内接等边三角形的边长为 3R\sqrt3R

An equilateral triangle of altitude RR has side 2R3\frac{2R}{\sqrt3}, while an inscribed one has side 3R\sqrt3R

解答:

边长为 ss 的等边三角形,其高为 s32\frac{s\sqrt3}{2}。因此,第一个三角形的边长为 2R3\frac{2R}{\sqrt3},周长为 23R2\sqrt3R。内接于半径为 RR 的圆的等边三角形边长为 3R\sqrt3R,周长为 33R3\sqrt3R

因此,周长之比为 2:32:3,所以正确答案是 E

An equilateral triangle with side ss has altitude s32.\frac{s\sqrt3}{2}. Thus the first triangle has side 2R3\frac{2R}{\sqrt3} and perimeter 23R.2\sqrt3R. An equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle of radius RR has side 3R\sqrt3R and perimeter 33R.3\sqrt3R.

The perimeter ratio is therefore 2:3,2:3, so the correct answer is E.

28.

下表中,xxyy 之间的关系式为:

xx 11 22 33 44 55
yy 33 77 1313 2121 3131

In the table shown, the formula relating xx and yy is:

xx 11 22 33 44 55
yy 33 77 1313 2121 3131

y=4x1y=4x-1

y=x3x2+x+2y=x^3-x^2+x+2

y=x2+x+1y=x^2+x+1

y=(x2+x+1)(x1)y=(x^2+x+1)(x-1)

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1290
小提示:

观察 yy 值的一阶差与二阶差

Look at the first and second differences of the yy-values

大提示:

恒定的二阶差 22 表明可能是首项系数为一的二次式;检验给出的二次式

The constant second difference 22 suggests a monic quadratic; test the listed quadratic

解答:

yy 值的相邻差为 4,6,8,104,6,8,10,这些数的相邻差都为 22。因此,数据符合首项系数为一的二次式。代入可知,y=x2+x+1 y=x^2+x+1 依次给出 3,7,13,21,313,7,13,21,31,对应于 x=1,2,3,4,5x=1,2,3,4,5

因此,正确答案是 C

The successive differences of the yy-values are 4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10, whose successive differences are all 2.2. Thus the data fit a monic quadratic. Substitution shows y=x2+x+1 y=x^2+x+1 gives 3,7,13,21,313,7,13,21,31 at x=1,2,3,4,5,x=1,2,3,4,5, respectively.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

29.

在半径为 55 个单位的圆中,CDCDABAB 是互相垂直的直径。弦 CHCHABAB 相交于 KK,且长 88 个单位。直径 ABAB 被分成两段,其长度分别为:

In a circle of radius 55 units, CDCD and ABAB are perpendicular diameters. A chord CHCH cutting ABAB at KK is 88 units long. The diameter ABAB is divided into two segments whose dimensions are:

1.251.258.758.75

1.25,1.25, 8.758.75

2.752.757.257.25

2.75,2.75, 7.257.25

2288

2,2, 88

4466

4,4, 66

以上答案均不正确

None of these

知识点:坐标几何
难度评级:1760
小提示:

将圆心置于原点,取 C=(0,5)C=(0,5),并用坐标表示弦的另一端点 HH

Put the center at the origin, take C=(0,5)C=(0,5), and represent the other endpoint HH of the chord by coordinates

大提示:

利用 CH=8CH=8OH=5OH=5,再求直线 CHCH 与水平直径的交点

Use CH=8CH=8 and OH=5OH=5, then find where line CHCH crosses the horizontal diameter

解答:

将圆心置于原点,取 C=(0,5)C=(0,5),并设 H=(x,y)H=(x,y)。方程组 x2+y2=25,x2+(y5)2=64 \begin{aligned} x^2+y^2&=25,\\ x^2+(y-5)^2&=64 \end{aligned} 给出 y=75y=-\frac{7}{5}x=±245x=\pm\frac{24}{5}。取 x=245x=\frac{24}{5} 不影响两段的长度。

C=(0,5)C=(0,5)H=(245,75)H=(\frac{24}{5},-\frac{7}{5}) 的直线与 y=0y=0 相交于 x=154x=\frac{15}{4} 处。因此,该交点到端点 (5,0)(-5,0)(5,0)(5,0) 的距离如下;这两个端点构成直径 ABAB5+154=354=8.75,5154=54=1.25 \begin{aligned} 5+\frac{15}{4}&=\frac{35}{4}=8.75,\\ 5-\frac{15}{4}&=\frac54=1.25 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Put the circle at the origin with C=(0,5)C=(0,5) and let H=(x,y).H=(x,y). The equations x2+y2=25,x2+(y5)2=64 \begin{aligned} x^2+y^2&=25,\\ x^2+(y-5)^2&=64 \end{aligned} give y=75y=-\frac{7}{5} and x=±245.x=\pm\frac{24}{5}. Taking x=245x=\frac{24}{5} does not change the segment lengths.

The line from C=(0,5)C=(0,5) to H=(245,75)H=(\frac{24}{5},-\frac{7}{5}) crosses y=0y=0 at x=154.x=\frac{15}{4}. Its distances to the endpoints (5,0)(-5,0) and (5,0)(5,0) of diameter ABAB are therefore 5+154=354=8.75,5154=54=1.25. \begin{aligned} 5+\frac{15}{4}&=\frac{35}{4}=8.75,\\ 5-\frac{15}{4}&=\frac54=1.25. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

30.

若一个等差数列前十项之和是前五项之和的四倍,则首项与公差之比为:

When the sum of the first ten terms of an arithmetic progression is four times the sum of the first five terms, the ratio of the first term to the common difference is:

1:21:2

2:12:1

1:41:4

4:14:1

1:11:1

难度评级:1590
小提示:

用首项 aa 和公差 dd 表示两个部分和

Write both partial sums in terms of the first term aa and common difference dd

大提示:

使用 Sn=n2(2a+(n1)d)S_n=\dfrac n2(2a+(n-1)d),并化简 S10=4S5S_{10}=4S_5

Use Sn=n2(2a+(n1)d)S_n=\dfrac n2(2a+(n-1)d) and simplify S10=4S5S_{10}=4S_5

解答:

求和公式给出 S10=5(2a+9d),S5=52(2a+4d) \begin{aligned} S_{10}&=5(2a+9d),\\ S_5&=\frac52(2a+4d) \end{aligned}\text{。}方程 S10=4S5S_{10}=4S_5 化为 2a+9d=2(2a+4d) 2a+9d=2(2a+4d)\text{,}所以 d=2ad=2a。因此 a:d=1:2a:d=1:2

因此,正确答案是 A

The sum formula gives S10=5(2a+9d),S5=52(2a+4d). \begin{aligned} S_{10}&=5(2a+9d),\\ S_5&=\frac52(2a+4d). \end{aligned} The equation S10=4S5S_{10}=4S_5 becomes 2a+9d=2(2a+4d), 2a+9d=2(2a+4d), so d=2a.d=2a. Hence a:d=1:2.a:d=1:2.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

31.

平面内有 1212 个点,其中任意三点不共线。这些点所确定的直线条数为:

Given 1212 points in a plane no three of which are collinear, the number of lines they determine is:

2424

5454

120120

6666

以上答案均不正确

None of these

知识点:组合基本计数
难度评级:1150
小提示:

每条直线由这些点中的两个确定

Each line is determined by choosing two of the points

大提示:

任意三点不共线保证不同的点对确定不同的直线

The condition that no three are collinear ensures that different pairs determine different lines

解答:

每一对点确定一条直线;又因为任意三点不共线,所以没有一条直线会由多于一对点重复计数。因此,直线条数为 (122)=12112=66 \binom{12}{2}=\frac{12\cdot11}{2}=66\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Every pair of points determines one line, and no line is counted by more than one pair because no three points are collinear. Therefore the number of lines is (122)=12112=66. \binom{12}{2}=\frac{12\cdot11}{2}=66.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

32.

KK 行驶 3030 英里所需的时间比 MM3030 分钟。KK 的速度比 MM 每小时快 13\dfrac13 英里。若 xx 表示 KK 每小时行驶的英里数,则 KK 行驶这段路程所需的时间为:

KK takes 3030 minutes less time than MM to travel a distance of 3030 miles. KK travels 13\dfrac13 mile per hour faster than M.M. If xx is KK’s rate of speed in miles per hour, then KK’s time for the distance is:

x+1330\dfrac{x+\frac{1}{3}}{30}

x1330\dfrac{x-\frac{1}{3}}{30}

30x+13\dfrac{30}{x+\frac{1}{3}}

30x\dfrac{30}{x}

x30\dfrac{x}{30}

难度评级:920
小提示:

使用基本关系 时间=路程速度\text{时间}=\frac{\text{路程}}{\text{速度}}

Use the basic relation time=distancerate\text{time}=\frac{\text{distance}}{\text{rate}}

大提示:

题目只问 KK 所需的时间,而 KK 的路程和速度都已给出

The question asks only for KK’s time, and both KK’s distance and rate are already given

解答:

KK 而言,路程为 3030 英里,速度为每小时 xx 英里。因此 时间=路程速度=30x 小时。 \text{时间}=\frac{\text{路程}}{\text{速度}} =\frac{30}{x}\text{ 小时}\text{。}写出这个表达式并不需要利用与 MM 的比较。

因此,正确答案是 D

For K,K, the distance is 3030 miles and the rate is xx miles per hour. Thus time=distancerate=30x hours. \text{time}=\frac{\text{distance}}{\text{rate}} =\frac{30}{x}\text{ hours}. The comparison with MM is not needed for this expression.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

33.

一个圆和一个正方形的周长相等。则:

A circle and a square have the same perimeter. Then:

二者面积相等

Their areas are equal

圆的面积较大

The area of the circle is the greater

正方形的面积较大

The area of the square is the greater

圆的面积是正方形面积的 π\pi

The area of the circle is π\pi times the area of the square

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1070
小提示:

设公共周长为 PP,并用 PP 表示两个面积

Call the common perimeter PP and express each area in terms of PP

大提示:

圆的面积为 P24π\frac{P^2}{4\pi},正方形的面积为 P216\frac{P^2}{16}

The circle has area P24π\frac{P^2}{4\pi}, while the square has area P216\frac{P^2}{16}

解答:

公共周长为 PP 时,圆的半径为 P2π\frac{P}{2\pi},所以面积为 P24π\frac{P^2}{4\pi}。正方形边长为 P4\frac{P}{4},所以面积为 P216\frac{P^2}{16}。因为 4π<164\pi\lt16,所以 P24π>P216 \frac{P^2}{4\pi}\gt\frac{P^2}{16}\text{。}

圆的面积较大,所以正确答案是 B

With common perimeter P,P, the circle’s radius is P2π\frac{P}{2\pi}, so its area is P24π.\frac{P^2}{4\pi}. The square’s side is P4,\frac{P}{4}, so its area is P216.\frac{P^2}{16}. Since 4π<16,4\pi\lt16, P24π>P216. \frac{P^2}{4\pi}\gt\frac{P^2}{16}.

The circle has the greater area, so the correct answer is B.

34.

一件商品的价格先增加 p%p\%,随后新价格又降低 p%p\%。若最终价格为一美元,则原价为:

The price of an article was increased p%.p\%. Later the new price was decreased p%.p\%. If the last price was one dollar, the original price was:

1p2200\dfrac{1-p^2}{200}

1p2100\dfrac{\sqrt{1-p^2}}{100}

一美元

One dollar

1p210,000p21-\dfrac{p^2}{10{,}000-p^2}

10,00010,000p2\dfrac{10{,}000}{10{,}000-p^2}

难度评级:1560
小提示:

用乘法因子表示涨价和降价

Represent the increase and decrease by multiplicative factors

大提示:

若原价为 PP,则 P(1+p100)(1p100)=1P(1+\frac{p}{100})(1-\frac{p}{100})=1

If the original price is P,P, then P(1+p100)(1p100)=1P(1+\frac{p}{100})(1-\frac{p}{100})=1

解答:

若原价为 PP 美元,则两次变价后的价格为 P(1+p100)(1p100)=P(1p210,000) \begin{aligned} &P\left(1+\frac p{100}\right) \left(1-\frac p{100}\right)\\ &\qquad=P\left(1-\frac{p^2}{10{,}000}\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}令该式等于 11,得到 P=10,00010,000p2 P=\frac{10{,}000}{10{,}000-p^2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

If the original price is PP dollars, then after both changes its price is P(1+p100)(1p100)=P(1p210,000). \begin{aligned} &P\left(1+\frac p{100}\right) \left(1-\frac p{100}\right)\\ &\qquad=P\left(1-\frac{p^2}{10{,}000}\right). \end{aligned} Setting this equal to 11 gives P=10,00010,000p2. P=\frac{10{,}000}{10{,}000-p^2}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

35.

将表达式 22+35\dfrac{\sqrt2}{\sqrt2+\sqrt3-\sqrt5} 的分母有理化,所得等价表达式为:

With a rational denominator, the expression 22+35\dfrac{\sqrt2}{\sqrt2+\sqrt3-\sqrt5} is equivalent to:

3+6+156\dfrac{3+\sqrt6+\sqrt{15}}6

62+106\dfrac{\sqrt6-2+\sqrt{10}}6

2+6+1010\dfrac{2+\sqrt6+\sqrt{10}}{10}

2+6106\dfrac{2+\sqrt6-\sqrt{10}}6

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:2210
小提示:

先将分母看作 (2+3)5(\sqrt2+\sqrt3)-\sqrt5,再乘以其共轭式

First treat the denominator as (2+3)5(\sqrt2+\sqrt3)-\sqrt5 and multiply by its conjugate

大提示:

第一次有理化后,分母中仍含 6\sqrt6;再使用一个共轭式

After the first rationalization, a denominator containing 6\sqrt6 remains; use another conjugate

解答:

先乘以共轭式 2+3+5\sqrt2+\sqrt3+\sqrt5,得到 2(2+3+5)(2+3)25=2+6+1026 \begin{aligned} &\frac{\sqrt2(\sqrt2+\sqrt3+\sqrt5)} {(\sqrt2+\sqrt3)^2-5}\\ &\qquad=\frac{2+\sqrt6+\sqrt{10}}{2\sqrt6} \end{aligned}\text{。}再将分子、分母同乘 6\sqrt6,得到 26+6+6012=3+6+156 \begin{gathered} \frac{2\sqrt6+6+\sqrt{60}}{12} \\ =\frac{3+\sqrt6+\sqrt{15}}6 \end{gathered}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Multiply first by the conjugate 2+3+5.\sqrt2+\sqrt3+\sqrt5. This gives 2(2+3+5)(2+3)25=2+6+1026. \begin{aligned} &\frac{\sqrt2(\sqrt2+\sqrt3+\sqrt5)} {(\sqrt2+\sqrt3)^2-5}\\ &\qquad=\frac{2+\sqrt6+\sqrt{10}}{2\sqrt6}. \end{aligned} Multiplying numerator and denominator by 6\sqrt6 yields 26+6+6012=3+6+156. \begin{gathered} \frac{2\sqrt6+6+\sqrt{60}}{12} \\ =\frac{3+\sqrt6+\sqrt{15}}6. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

36.

为使函数在 x=1x=-1 处连续,应将 x3+1x21\dfrac{x^3+1}{x^2-1} 的值定义为:

To be continuous at x=1,x=-1, the value of x3+1x21\dfrac{x^3+1}{x^2-1} is taken to be:

2-2

00

32\dfrac32

\infty

32-\dfrac32

难度评级:1450
小提示:

代入 x=1x=-1 前,先将分子和分母因式分解

Factor both numerator and denominator before substituting x=1x=-1

大提示:

约去公因式 x+1x+1,再计算剩余表达式的值

Cancel the common factor x+1x+1 and evaluate the remaining expression

解答:

x1x\ne-1 时,x3+1x21=(x+1)(x2x+1)(x+1)(x1)=x2x+1x1 \begin{aligned} \frac{x^3+1}{x^2-1} &=\frac{(x+1)(x^2-x+1)} {(x+1)(x-1)}\\ &=\frac{x^2-x+1}{x-1} \end{aligned}\text{。}它在 x=1x=-1 处的极限为 1+1+12=32 \frac{1+1+1}{-2}=-\frac32\text{。}将函数在该点定义为此值即可消除间断。

因此,正确答案是 E

For x1,x\ne-1, x3+1x21=(x+1)(x2x+1)(x+1)(x1)=x2x+1x1. \begin{aligned} \frac{x^3+1}{x^2-1} &=\frac{(x+1)(x^2-x+1)} {(x+1)(x-1)}\\ &=\frac{x^2-x+1}{x-1}. \end{aligned} Its limit at x=1x=-1 is 1+1+12=32. \frac{1+1+1}{-2}=-\frac32. Assigning this value removes the discontinuity.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

37.

在一个半径为 88 英寸的圆中,画两条相距 88 英寸且长度相等的平行弦。圆内位于两弦之间的部分面积为:

Two equal parallel chords are drawn 88 inches apart in a circle of radius 88 inches. The area of that part of the circle that lies between the chords is:

2113π32321\dfrac13\pi-32\sqrt3

323+2113π32\sqrt3+21\dfrac13\pi

323+4223π32\sqrt3+42\dfrac23\pi

163+4223π16\sqrt3+42\dfrac23\pi

4223π42\dfrac23\pi

知识点:扇形面积
难度评级:2270
小提示:

长度相等的平行弦到圆心距离相同,所以每条弦到圆心的距离都是 44 英寸

Equal parallel chords lie the same distance from the center, so each is 44 inches from it

大提示:

从整圆面积中减去两个全等的外侧弓形面积

Subtract the two congruent outer circular segments from the whole circle

解答:

两条等弦关于圆心对称,各距圆心 44 英寸。对任一弦,圆心处的半角满足 cosθ=48=12\cos\theta=\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2},所以 θ=60\theta=60^\circ。每个外侧弓形的面积等于一个 120120^\circ 扇形面积减去等腰三角形面积:120360π(8)212(8)2sin120=64π3163 \begin{aligned} &\frac{120}{360}\pi(8)^2 -\frac12(8)^2\sin120^\circ\\ &\qquad=\frac{64\pi}{3}-16\sqrt3 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此,两弦之间的面积为 64π2(64π3163)=64π3+323=2113π+323 \begin{aligned} &64\pi-2\left(\frac{64\pi}{3}-16\sqrt3\right)\\ &\qquad=\frac{64\pi}{3}+32\sqrt3\\ &\qquad=21\frac13\pi+32\sqrt3 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The equal chords are symmetrically 44 inches from the center. For either chord, the half-angle at the center satisfies cosθ=48=12,\cos\theta=\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}, so θ=60.\theta=60^\circ. Each outer segment is a 120120^\circ sector minus the isosceles triangle: 120360π(8)212(8)2sin120=64π3163. \begin{aligned} &\frac{120}{360}\pi(8)^2 -\frac12(8)^2\sin120^\circ\\ &\qquad=\frac{64\pi}{3}-16\sqrt3. \end{aligned} The area between the chords is therefore 64π2(64π3163)=64π3+323=2113π+323. \begin{aligned} &64\pi-2\left(\frac{64\pi}{3}-16\sqrt3\right)\\ &\qquad=\frac{64\pi}{3}+32\sqrt3\\ &\qquad=21\frac13\pi+32\sqrt3. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

38.

一块梯形土地的面积为 14001400 平方码,高为 5050 码。若两条底边的码数都是能被 88 整除的整数,则求两条底边长度的问题共有多少组解?

The area of a trapezoidal field is 14001400 square yards. Its altitude is 5050 yards. Find the two bases, if the number of yards in each base is an integer divisible by 8.8. The number of solutions to this problem is:

零组

None

一组

One

两组

Two

三组

Three

多于三组

More than three

难度评级:1450
小提示:

用梯形面积公式求两条底边之和

Use the trapezoid area formula to find the sum of the two bases

大提示:

列出和为该数的所有正的 88 的倍数无序对

List the unordered pairs of positive multiples of 88 with that sum

解答:

若两条底边为 b1,b2b_1,b_2,则 1400=12(b1+b2)(50) 1400=\frac12(b_1+b_2)(50)\text{,}所以 b1+b2=56b_1+b_2=56。由正的 88 的倍数组成的无序对为 (8,48),(16,40),(24,32) (8,48),\quad(16,40),\quad(24,32)\text{。}因此共有三组解。

因此,正确答案是 D

If the bases are b1,b2,b_1,b_2, then 1400=12(b1+b2)(50), 1400=\frac12(b_1+b_2)(50), so b1+b2=56.b_1+b_2=56. The unordered positive pairs of multiples of 88 are (8,48),(16,40),(24,32). (8,48),\quad(16,40),\quad(24,32). There are three solutions.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

39.

若一个长方形的周长为 pp,对角线长为 dd,则其长与宽之差为:

If the perimeter of a rectangle is pp and its diagonal is d,d, the difference between the length and width of the rectangle is:

8d2p22\dfrac{\sqrt{8d^2-p^2}}2

8d2+p22\dfrac{\sqrt{8d^2+p^2}}2

6d2p22\dfrac{\sqrt{6d^2-p^2}}2

6d2+p22\dfrac{\sqrt{6d^2+p^2}}2

8d2p24\dfrac{\sqrt{8d^2-p^2}}4

难度评级:1640
小提示:

设两条边长为 LLWW,并分别写出关于 L+WL+WL2+W2L^2+W^2 的方程

Let the side lengths be LL and WW, and write equations for L+WL+W and L2+W2L^2+W^2

大提示:

写出 2(L2+W2)2(L^2+W^2),再减去 (L+W)2(L+W)^2,得到 (LW)2(L-W)^2

Write 2(L2+W2)2(L^2+W^2), then subtract (L+W)2(L+W)^2 to obtain (LW)2(L-W)^2

解答:

由周长和对角线可得 L+W=p2,L2+W2=d2 \begin{aligned} L+W&=\frac p2,\\ L^2+W^2&=d^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 (LW)2=2(L2+W2)(L+W)2=2d2p24=8d2p24 \begin{aligned} (L-W)^2 &=2(L^2+W^2)\\ &\quad{}-(L+W)^2\\ &=2d^2-\frac{p^2}{4}\\ &=\frac{8d^2-p^2}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}取非负平方根,得到 LW=8d2p22 L-W=\frac{\sqrt{8d^2-p^2}}2\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The perimeter and diagonal give L+W=p2,L2+W2=d2. \begin{aligned} L+W&=\frac p2,\\ L^2+W^2&=d^2. \end{aligned} Hence (LW)2=2(L2+W2)(L+W)2=2d2p24=8d2p24. \begin{aligned} (L-W)^2 &=2(L^2+W^2)\\ &\quad{}-(L+W)^2\\ &=2d^2-\frac{p^2}{4}\\ &=\frac{8d^2-p^2}{4}. \end{aligned} Taking the nonnegative square root gives LW=8d2p22. L-W=\frac{\sqrt{8d^2-p^2}}2.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

40.

为了绘制 f(x)=ax2+bx+cf(x)=ax^2+bx+c 的图像,人们制作了一张数值表。对于一组等距递增的 xx 值,函数值依次为 3844384439693969409640964227422743564356448944894624462447614761。其中不正确的是:

In order to draw a graph of f(x)=ax2+bx+c,f(x)=ax^2+bx+c, a table of values was constructed. These values of the function for a set of equally spaced increasing values of xx were 3844,3844, 3969,3969, 4096,4096, 4227,4227, 4356,4356, 4489,4489, 4624,4624, and 4761.4761. The one which is incorrect is:

40964096

43564356

44894489

47614761

以上均不是

None of these

难度评级:1410
小提示:

二次函数在等距输入值处的函数值具有恒定的二阶差

A quadratic sampled at equally spaced inputs has constant second differences

大提示:

相邻数值还表明它们可能是连续的完全平方数;先检查表中每个数值,再查看错误值是否出现在选项中

The surrounding values also suggest consecutive perfect squares; check every displayed table value before checking which values appear among the choices

解答:

这些数值应当是连续的平方数 622,632,642,652,662,672,682,692 \begin{gathered} 62^2,63^2,64^2,65^2,\\ 66^2,67^2,68^2,69^2 \end{gathered}\text{。}3844,3969,4096,42253844,3969,4096,42254356,4489,4624,47614356,4489,4624,4761。因此,表中错误的数值是 42274227,但它不在选项 A–D 中。

所以,列出的四个数都不是错误值,正确答案是 E

The values are intended to be the consecutive squares 622,632,642,652,662,672,682,692. \begin{gathered} 62^2,63^2,64^2,65^2,\\ 66^2,67^2,68^2,69^2. \end{gathered} These are 3844,3969,4096,4225,3844,3969,4096,4225, 4356,4489,4624,4761.4356,4489,4624,4761. Thus the incorrect table entry is 4227,4227, but it is not one of choices A-D.

Consequently none of the four listed numbers is incorrect, so the correct answer is E.

41.

将一个圆柱的半径增加 66 个单位,体积增加 yy 个立方单位。将该圆柱的高增加 66 个单位,体积也增加 yy 个立方单位。若原来的高为 22,则原来的半径为:

Increasing the radius of a cylinder by 66 units increases the volume by yy cubic units. Increasing the altitude of the cylinder by 66 units also increases the volume by yy cubic units. If the original altitude is 2,2, then the original radius is:

22

44

66

6π6\pi

88

难度评级:1770
小提示:

设原半径为 rr,分别写出两种体积增量

Let the original radius be rr and write each of the two volume increases

大提示:

2π((r+6)2r2)2\pi((r+6)^2-r^2)6πr26\pi r^2 相等

Equate 2π((r+6)2r2)2\pi((r+6)^2-r^2) and 6πr26\pi r^2

解答:

原高为 22、原半径为 rr 时,增加半径所增加的体积为 2π((r+6)2r2)=24πr+72π 2\pi\bigl((r+6)^2-r^2\bigr)=24\pi r+72\pi 个立方单位。将高增加 66 所增加的体积为 6πr26\pi r^2 个立方单位。令二者相等,得到 6r2=24r+72 6r^2=24r+72\text{,}r24r12=0r^2-4r-12=0。其正根为 r=6r=6

因此,正确答案是 C

With original height 22 and radius r,r, increasing the radius adds 2π((r+6)2r2)=24πr+72π 2\pi\bigl((r+6)^2-r^2\bigr)=24\pi r+72\pi cubic units. Increasing the height by 66 adds 6πr26\pi r^2 cubic units. Equating these gives 6r2=24r+72, 6r^2=24r+72, or r24r12=0.r^2-4r-12=0. Its positive root is r=6.r=6.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

42.

DD 表示一个循环小数。若 PP 表示 rr 位数字,它们是 DD 中不循环的部分;QQ 表示循环的 ss 位数字,则下列表达式中不正确的是:

Let DD represent a repeating decimal. If PP denotes the rr figures of DD which do not repeat themselves, and QQ denotes the ss figures which do repeat themselves, then the incorrect expression is:

D=0.PQQQD=0.PQQQ\ldots

10rD=P.QQQ10^rD=P.QQQ\ldots

10r+sD=PQ.QQQ10^{r+s}D=PQ.QQQ\ldots

10r(10s1)D=Q(P1)10^r(10^s-1)D=Q(P-1)

10r102sD=10^r\cdot10^{2s}D= PQQ.QQQPQQ.QQQ\ldots

难度评级:2060
小提示:

先将小数点越过 rr 位非循环数字,再越过一组 ss 位循环数字

Shift the decimal point first past the rr nonrepeating digits and then past one block of ss repeating digits

大提示:

10rD10^rD 作为减数,从 10r+sD10^{r+s}D 中减去,并将结果与选项 D 比较

Subtract 10rD10^rD from 10r+sD10^{r+s}D and compare the result with choice D

解答:

小数点越过非循环部分后,10rD=P.QQQ 10^rD=P.QQQ\ldots\text{,}再越过一组循环部分后,10r+sD=PQ.QQQ 10^{r+s}D=PQ.QQQ\ldots\text{。}两式相减,得到标准关系 10r(10s1)D=P(10s1)+Q \begin{gathered} 10^r(10^s-1)D \\ =P(10^s-1)+Q \end{gathered}\text{。}这并非选项 D 所写的 Q(P1)Q(P-1)

因此,不正确的表达式是选项 D,这也是本题的正确答案。

After shifting past the nonrepeating block, 10rD=P.QQQ, 10^rD=P.QQQ\ldots, and after shifting one repeating block farther, 10r+sD=PQ.QQQ. 10^{r+s}D=PQ.QQQ\ldots. Subtracting yields the standard relation 10r(10s1)D=P(10s1)+Q. \begin{gathered} 10^r(10^s-1)D \\ =P(10^s-1)+Q. \end{gathered} This is not Q(P1),Q(P-1), as stated in choice D.

Thus, the incorrect expression, and hence the correct answer, is D.

43.

将一个圆的直径分成 nn 等份,并以每一份为直径作半圆。当 nn 变得非常大时,这些半圆的弧长之和趋近于:

The diameter of a circle is divided into nn equal parts. On each part a semicircle is constructed. As nn becomes very large, the sum of the lengths of the arcs of the semicircles approaches a length:

原圆周长的一半

Equal to the semi-circumference of the original circle

原圆的直径

Equal to the diameter of the original circle

大于原圆的直径,但小于原圆周长的一半

Greater than the diameter but less than the semi-circumference of the original circle

无穷大

That is infinite

大于原圆周长的一半,但为有限值

Greater than the semi-circumference but finite

知识点:圆周长
难度评级:1360
小提示:

设原圆直径为 dd,则每个小半圆的直径为 dn\frac{d}{n}

Let the original diameter be dd, so each small semicircle has diameter dn\frac{d}{n}

大提示:

将一个小半圆的弧长乘以份数 nn

Multiply the arc length of one small semicircle by the number nn of parts

解答:

每个小半圆的直径为 dn\frac{d}{n},所以弧长为 πd2n\frac{\pi d}{2n}。全部 nn 条弧的长度之和为 nπd2n=πd2 n\cdot\frac{\pi d}{2n}=\frac{\pi d}{2}\text{,}恰好等于原圆周长的一半。这个等式对每个正 nn 都成立,而不仅仅在极限情况下成立。

因此,正确答案是 A

Each small semicircle has diameter dn,\frac{d}{n}, so its arc length is πd2n.\frac{\pi d}{2n}. The sum of all nn arc lengths is nπd2n=πd2, n\cdot\frac{\pi d}{2n}=\frac{\pi d}{2}, exactly the semi-circumference of the original circle. This equality holds for every positive n,n, not merely in the limit.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

44.

若一个两位整数等于其各位数字之和的 kk 倍,则将两位数字对调后所得的数等于各位数字之和乘以:

If an integer of two digits is kk times the sum of its digits, the number formed by interchanging the digits is the sum of the digits multiplied by:

(9k)(9-k)

(10k)(10-k)

(11k)(11-k)

(k1)(k-1)

(k+1)(k+1)

知识点:数字代数变形
难度评级:1420
小提示:

设两位数字为 aabb,并表示原数与倒序数

Let the two digits be aa and bb, and express both the original and reversed numbers

大提示:

两个数之和为 11(a+b)11(a+b)

The two numbers add to 11(a+b)11(a+b)

解答:

设原数为 10a+b=k(a+b)10a+b=k(a+b)。倒序数为 10b+a10b+a。因为 (10a+b)+(10b+a)=11(a+b) \begin{gathered} (10a+b)+(10b+a) \\ =11(a+b) \end{gathered}\text{,}所以倒序数等于 11(a+b)k(a+b)=(11k)(a+b) \begin{aligned} &11(a+b)-k(a+b)\\ &\qquad=(11-k)(a+b) \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the original number be 10a+b=k(a+b).10a+b=k(a+b). The reversed number is 10b+a.10b+a. Since (10a+b)+(10b+a)=11(a+b), \begin{gathered} (10a+b)+(10b+a) \\ =11(a+b), \end{gathered} the reversed number equals 11(a+b)k(a+b)=(11k)(a+b). \begin{aligned} &11(a+b)-k(a+b)\\ &\qquad=(11-k)(a+b). \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

45.

aabb 是两个不相等的正数,则:

If aa and bb are two unequal positive numbers, then:

2aba+b>ab>a+b2\dfrac{2ab}{a+b}\gt\sqrt{ab}\gt\dfrac{a+b}{2}

ab>2aba+b>a+b2\sqrt{ab}\gt\dfrac{2ab}{a+b}\gt\dfrac{a+b}{2}

2aba+b>a+b2>ab\dfrac{2ab}{a+b}\gt\dfrac{a+b}{2}\gt\sqrt{ab}

a+b2>2aba+b>ab\dfrac{a+b}{2}\gt\dfrac{2ab}{a+b}\gt\sqrt{ab}

a+b2>ab>2aba+b\dfrac{a+b}{2}\gt\sqrt{ab}\gt\dfrac{2ab}{a+b}

难度评级:1450
小提示:

识别 aabb 的算术平均数、几何平均数和调和平均数

Recognize the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means of aa and bb

大提示:

对于不相等的正数,各平均值之间的不等式为严格不等式

For unequal positive numbers, the mean inequalities are strict

解答:

对不相等的正数 a,ba,b,算术平均值与几何平均值不等式给出 a+b2>ab \frac{a+b}{2}\gt\sqrt{ab}\text{。}1a\frac{1}{a}1b\frac{1}{b} 使用同一不等式,得到 ab>2aba+b \sqrt{ab}\gt\frac{2ab}{a+b}\text{。}因此,从大到小依次为算术平均数、几何平均数、调和平均数。

因此,正确答案是 E

The arithmetic-geometric mean inequality gives a+b2>ab \frac{a+b}{2}\gt\sqrt{ab} for unequal positive a,b.a,b. Applying the same inequality to 1a\frac{1}{a} and 1b\frac{1}{b} gives ab>2aba+b. \sqrt{ab}\gt\frac{2ab}{a+b}. Therefore the decreasing order is arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

46.

一个新长方形的底边等于某个已知长方形的对角线与较长边之和,新长方形的高等于该对角线与较长边之差。新长方形的面积:

The base of a new rectangle equals the sum of the diagonal and the greater side of a given rectangle, while the altitude of the new rectangle equals the difference of the diagonal and the greater side of the given rectangle. The area of the new rectangle is:

大于已知长方形的面积

Greater than the area of the given rectangle

等于已知长方形的面积

Equal to the area of the given rectangle

等于以已知长方形较短边为边长的正方形面积

Equal to the area of a square with its side equal to the smaller side of the given rectangle

等于以已知长方形较长边为边长的正方形面积

Equal to the area of a square with its side equal to the greater side of the given rectangle

等于以已知长方形的对角线和较短边为两边的长方形面积

Equal to the area of a rectangle whose dimensions are the diagonal and shorter side of the given rectangle

难度评级:1500
小提示:

设对角线长为 dd,较长边和较短边分别为 L,WL,W

Let dd be the diagonal and L,WL,W the greater and smaller sides

大提示:

新长方形的面积为 (d+L)(dL)=d2L2(d+L)(d-L)=d^2-L^2

The new area is (d+L)(dL)=d2L2(d+L)(d-L)=d^2-L^2

解答:

设较长边和较短边的长度分别为 LLWW,对角线长为 dd。新长方形的面积为 (d+L)(dL)=d2L2 (d+L)(d-L)=d^2-L^2\text{。}由勾股定理,d2=L2+W2d^2=L^2+W^2,所以新面积为 W2W^2。这正是以原长方形较短边为边长的正方形面积。

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the greater and smaller side lengths be LL and W,W, and let the diagonal be d.d. The new rectangle’s area is (d+L)(dL)=d2L2. (d+L)(d-L)=d^2-L^2. The Pythagorean theorem gives d2=L2+W2,d^2=L^2+W^2, so the new area is W2.W^2. This is the area of a square whose side equals the smaller side of the original rectangle.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

47.

对方程组 zx=y2xz^x=y^{2x}2z=24x2^z=2\cdot4^xx+y+z=16x+y+z=16,按 xxyyzz 的顺序,其整数解为:

In the set of equations zx=y2x,z^x=y^{2x}, 2z=24x,2^z=2\cdot4^x, x+y+z=16,x+y+z=16, the integral roots in the order x,x, y,y, zz are:

334499

3,3, 4,4, 99

995-51212

9,9, 5,-5, 1212

12125-599

12,12, 5,-5, 99

443399

4,4, 3,3, 99

449933

4,4, 9,9, 33

难度评级:1810
小提示:

比较 2z=24x2^z=2\cdot4^x 中的指数,得到 zz 关于 xx 的表达式

Compare exponents in 2z=24x2^z=2\cdot4^x to express zz in terms of xx

大提示:

对题目预期的正数解,zx=y2xz^x=y^{2x} 给出 z=y2z=y^2;将两个关系都代入和式

For the intended positive solution, zx=y2xz^x=y^{2x} gives z=y2z=y^2; substitute both relations into the sum

解答:

对于题目预期的正整数解,第一个方程给出 z=y2z=y^2。第二个方程为 2z=22x+1 2^z=2^{2x+1}\text{,}所以 z=2x+1z=2x+1,且 x=y212x=\frac{y^2-1}{2}。代入 x+y+z=16x+y+z=16,得到 y212+y+y2=16 \frac{y^2-1}{2}+y+y^2=16\text{。}正整数解为 y=3y=3,从而 x=4x=4z=9z=9。直接代入即可验证三个方程均成立。

因此,题目各选项中预期的答案是 D

For the intended positive integral solution, the first equation gives z=y2.z=y^2. The second equation is 2z=22x+1, 2^z=2^{2x+1}, so z=2x+1z=2x+1 and x=y212.x=\frac{y^2-1}{2}. Substituting into x+y+z=16x+y+z=16 gives y212+y+y2=16. \frac{y^2-1}{2}+y+y^2=16. The positive integral solution is y=3,y=3, which gives x=4x=4 and z=9.z=9. Direct substitution verifies all three displayed equations.

Thus, the intended listed answer is D.

48.

两名骑车人相距 kk 英里并同时出发。若同向行驶,他们会在 rr 小时后相遇;若反向行驶,他们会在 tt 小时后相遇。较快者与较慢者的速度之比为:

Two cyclists, kk miles apart, and starting at the same time, would be together in rr hours if they traveled in the same direction, but would pass each other in tt hours if they traveled in opposite directions. The ratio of the speed of the faster cyclist to that of the slower is:

r+trt\dfrac{r+t}{r-t}

rrt\dfrac r{r-t}

r+tr\dfrac{r+t}{r}

rt\dfrac rt

r+ktk\dfrac{r+k}{t-k}

难度评级:1770
小提示:

设较快者与较慢者的速度分别为 uuvv,写出同向与反向行驶的相对速度方程

Let the faster and slower speeds be uu and vv, and write the same-direction and opposite-direction relative-speed equations

大提示:

使用 (uv)r=k(u-v)r=k(u+v)t=k(u+v)t=k,再求 uv\frac{u}{v}

Use (uv)r=k(u-v)r=k and (u+v)t=k(u+v)t=k, then solve for uv\frac{u}{v}

解答:

设两人的速度满足 u>vu\gt v。两个相遇条件给出 uv=kr,u+v=kt u-v=\frac kr,\qquad u+v=\frac kt\text{。}将两式相加、相减,得到 u=k2(1r+1t),v=k2(1t1r) \begin{aligned} u&=\frac k2\left(\frac1r+\frac1t\right),\\ v&=\frac k2\left(\frac1t-\frac1r\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 uv=r+trt \frac uv=\frac{r+t}{r-t}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Let the speeds be u>v.u\gt v. The two meeting conditions give uv=kr,u+v=kt. u-v=\frac kr,\qquad u+v=\frac kt. Adding and subtracting these equations yields u=k2(1r+1t),v=k2(1t1r). \begin{aligned} u&=\frac k2\left(\frac1r+\frac1t\right),\\ v&=\frac k2\left(\frac1t-\frac1r\right). \end{aligned} Therefore uv=r+trt. \frac uv=\frac{r+t}{r-t}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

49.

在图中,CDCDAEAEBFBF 分别是所在边长的三分之一。由此可得 AN2:N2N1:N1D=3:3:1AN_2:N_2N_1:N_1D=3:3:1,直线 BEBECFCF 上也有类似关系。则三角形 N1N2N3N_1N_2N_3 的面积为:

In the figure, CD,CD, AE,AE, and BFBF are one-third of their respective sides. It follows that AN2:N2N1:N1D=3:3:1,AN_2:N_2N_1:N_1D=3:3:1, and similarly for lines BEBE and CF.CF. Then the area of triangle N1N2N3N_1N_2N_3 is:

110ABC\dfrac1{10}\triangle ABC

19ABC\dfrac19\triangle ABC

17ABC\dfrac17\triangle ABC

16ABC\dfrac16\triangle ABC

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:2380
小提示:

面积比在仿射变换下不变,所以可为三角形 ABCABC 选取方便的坐标

Area ratios are affine-invariant, so choose convenient coordinates for triangle ABCABC

大提示:

由三分之一条件确定 D,E,FD,E,F,求三条塞瓦线的交点,再用行列式比较两个面积

Locate D,E,FD,E,F by the one-third conditions, intersect the three cevians, and compare the two areas with determinants

解答:

A=(0,1)A=(0,1)B=(0,0)B=(0,0)C=(1,0)C=(1,0)。则 D=(23,0),E=(13,23),F=(0,13) \begin{aligned} D&=\left(\frac23,0\right),\\ E&=\left(\frac13,\frac23\right),\\ F&=\left(0,\frac13\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}分别求 AD,BE,CFAD,BE,CF 两两相交的交点,得到 N1=(47,17),N2=(27,47),N3=(17,27) \begin{aligned} N_1&=\left(\frac47,\frac17\right),\\ N_2&=\left(\frac27,\frac47\right),\\ N_3&=\left(\frac17,\frac27\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}行列式面积公式给出 [N1N2N3]=114,[ABC]=12 \begin{aligned} [N_1N_2N_3]&=\frac1{14},\\ [ABC]&=\frac12 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 [N1N2N3][ABC]=17\frac{[N_1N_2N_3]}{[ABC]}=\frac{1}{7}

因此,正确答案是 C

Use A=(0,1),A=(0,1), B=(0,0),B=(0,0), C=(1,0).C=(1,0). Then D=(23,0),E=(13,23),F=(0,13). \begin{aligned} D&=\left(\frac23,0\right),\\ E&=\left(\frac13,\frac23\right),\\ F&=\left(0,\frac13\right). \end{aligned} Intersecting AD,BE,CFAD,BE,CF in pairs gives N1=(47,17),N2=(27,47),N3=(17,27). \begin{aligned} N_1&=\left(\frac47,\frac17\right),\\ N_2&=\left(\frac27,\frac47\right),\\ N_3&=\left(\frac17,\frac27\right). \end{aligned} The determinant area formula gives [N1N2N3]=114,[ABC]=12. \begin{aligned} [N_1N_2N_3]&=\frac1{14},\\ [ABC]&=\frac12. \end{aligned} Hence [N1N2N3][ABC]=17.\frac{[N_1N_2N_3]}{[ABC]}=\frac{1}{7}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

50.

一条初始长度为 11 英寸的线段按下列规律增长,其中第一项为初始长度。1+142+14+1162+116+1642+164+ \begin{gathered} 1+\frac14\sqrt2+\frac14+\frac1{16}\sqrt2\\ {}+\frac1{16}+\frac1{64}\sqrt2+\frac1{64}+\cdots \end{gathered}\text{。}若增长过程无限继续,线段长度的极限为:

A line initially 11 inch long grows according to the following law, where the first term is the initial length. 1+142+14+1162+116+1642+164+. \begin{gathered} 1+\frac14\sqrt2+\frac14+\frac1{16}\sqrt2\\ {}+\frac1{16}+\frac1{64}\sqrt2+\frac1{64}+\cdots. \end{gathered} If the growth process continues forever, the limit of the length of the line is:

\infty

43\dfrac43

38\dfrac38

13(4+2)\dfrac13(4+\sqrt2)

23(4+2)\dfrac23(4+\sqrt2)

难度评级:1640
小提示:

将含有相同 14\frac{1}{4} 的幂的每一对项分为一组

Group each pair having the same power of 14\frac{1}{4}

大提示:

初始项 11 之后的各项之和等于 (1+2)k=14k(1+\sqrt2)\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}4^{-k}

The terms after the initial 11 equal (1+2)k=14k(1+\sqrt2)\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}4^{-k}

解答:

在初始项之后,每个幂 4k4^{-k} 分别单独出现一次,并乘以 2\sqrt2 出现一次。因为 k=14k=13\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}4^{-k}=\frac{1}{3},所以极限为 1+1+23=4+23 1+\frac{1+\sqrt2}{3}=\frac{4+\sqrt2}{3}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

After the initial term, each power 4k4^{-k} appears once by itself and once multiplied by 2.\sqrt2. Since k=14k=13,\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}4^{-k}=\frac{1}{3}, the limit is 1+1+23=4+23. 1+\frac{1+\sqrt2}{3}=\frac{4+\sqrt2}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.