1952 AMC 12 第 48 题

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48.

两名骑车人相距 kk 英里并同时出发。若同向行驶,他们会在 rr 小时后相遇;若反向行驶,他们会在 tt 小时后相遇。较快者与较慢者的速度之比为:

Two cyclists, kk miles apart, and starting at the same time, would be together in rr hours if they traveled in the same direction, but would pass each other in tt hours if they traveled in opposite directions. The ratio of the speed of the faster cyclist to that of the slower is:

r+trt\dfrac{r+t}{r-t}

rrt\dfrac r{r-t}

r+tr\dfrac{r+t}{r}

rt\dfrac rt

r+ktk\dfrac{r+k}{t-k}

答案:A
知识点:相对速度速率比与比例
难度评级:1770
小提示:

设较快者与较慢者的速度分别为 uuvv,写出同向与反向行驶的相对速度方程

Let the faster and slower speeds be uu and vv, and write the same-direction and opposite-direction relative-speed equations

大提示:

使用 (uv)r=k(u-v)r=k(u+v)t=k(u+v)t=k,再求 uv\frac{u}{v}

Use (uv)r=k(u-v)r=k and (u+v)t=k(u+v)t=k, then solve for uv\frac{u}{v}

解答:

设两人的速度满足 u>vu\gt v。两个相遇条件给出 uv=kr,u+v=kt u-v=\frac kr,\qquad u+v=\frac kt\text{。}将两式相加、相减,得到 u=k2(1r+1t),v=k2(1t1r) \begin{aligned} u&=\frac k2\left(\frac1r+\frac1t\right),\\ v&=\frac k2\left(\frac1t-\frac1r\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 uv=r+trt \frac uv=\frac{r+t}{r-t}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Let the speeds be u>v.u\gt v. The two meeting conditions give uv=kr,u+v=kt. u-v=\frac kr,\qquad u+v=\frac kt. Adding and subtracting these equations yields u=k2(1r+1t),v=k2(1t1r). \begin{aligned} u&=\frac k2\left(\frac1r+\frac1t\right),\\ v&=\frac k2\left(\frac1t-\frac1r\right). \end{aligned} Therefore uv=r+trt. \frac uv=\frac{r+t}{r-t}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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