1959 AMC 12 第 48 题

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48.

给定多项式 a0xn+a1xn1++an1x+an \begin{aligned} &a_0x^n+a_1x^{n-1}+\cdots\\ &\qquad{}+a_{n-1}x+a_n \end{aligned}\text{,}其中 nn 为正整数或零,a0a_0 为正整数,其余各个 aa 为整数或零。令 h=n+a0+a1+a2++an \begin{aligned} h={}&n+a_0+|a_1|+|a_2|\\ &{}+\cdots+|a_n| \end{aligned}\text{。}【例题 2525 说明了 x|x| 的含义。】满足 h=3h=3 的多项式个数为:

Given the polynomial a0xn+a1xn1++an1x+an, \begin{aligned} &a_0x^n+a_1x^{n-1}+\cdots\\ &\qquad{}+a_{n-1}x+a_n, \end{aligned} where nn is a positive integer or zero, and a0a_0 is a positive integer. The remaining aa’s are integers or zero. Set h=n+a0+a1+a2++an. \begin{aligned} h={}&n+a_0+|a_1|+|a_2|\\ &{}+\cdots+|a_n|. \end{aligned} [See example 2525 for the meaning of x.|x|.] The number of polynomials with h=3h=3 is:

33

55

66

77

99

答案:B
知识点:多项式分类讨论
难度评级:1730
小提示:

因为 n+a03n+a_0\le3a01a_0\ge1,只需考虑 n=0,1,2n=0,1,2

Since n+a03n+a_0\le3 and a01,a_0\ge1, consider only n=0,1,2n=0,1,2

大提示:

对每个次数,计算绝对值之和满足要求的整系数元组数量

For each degree, count the integer coefficient tuples with the required sum of absolute values

解答:

按次数分类计数。若 n=0n=0,则 a0=3a_0=3,得到一个多项式。若 n=1n=1,则 a0+a1=2 a_0+|a_1|=2\text{。}此时 a0=2,a1=0a_0=2,a_1=0a0=1,a1=±1a_0=1,a_1=\pm1,共有三个多项式。若 n=2n=2,则 a0=1a_0=1a1=a2=0a_1=a_2=0,再得一个。次数不可能更高。总数为 1+3+1=51+3+1=5

因此,正确答案是 B

We count by degree. If n=0,n=0, then a0=3,a_0=3, giving one polynomial. If n=1,n=1, then a0+a1=2. a_0+|a_1|=2. This gives a0=2,a1=0a_0=2,a_1=0 or a0=1,a1=±1,a_0=1,a_1=\pm1, for three polynomials. If n=2,n=2, then a0=1a_0=1 and a1=a2=0,a_1=a_2=0, giving one more. No higher degree is possible. The total is 1+3+1=5.1+3+1=5.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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