1954 AMC 12 第 48 题

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48.

一列火车出发一小时后发生事故,耽误了半小时;之后以原速度的 34\dfrac34 继续行驶,最终晚点 3123\dfrac12 小时。若事故发生在前方 9090 英里处,火车将只晚点 33 小时。全程长度为多少英里?

A train, an hour after starting, meets with an accident which detains it a half hour, after which it proceeds at 34\dfrac34 of its former rate and arrives 3123\dfrac12 hours late. Had the accident happened 9090 miles farther along the line, it would have arrived only 33 hours late. The length of the trip in miles was:

400400

465465

600600

640640

550550

答案:C
知识点:路程、速度与时间相对速度方程组
难度评级:2310
小提示:

设正常速度为 vv,全程长度为 LL;在受影响的路段把速度降为 3v4\frac{3v}{4},会增加该路段正常行驶时间的三分之一

Let the normal speed be vv and the trip length be LL; slowing to 3v4\frac{3v}{4} adds one-third of the normal time on the affected distance

大提示:

使用两个晚点方程,先求 Lv\frac{L}{v},再求 90v\frac{90}{v}

Use the two late-arrival equations to find first Lv\frac{L}{v}, then 90v\frac{90}{v}

解答:

设正常速度为 vv,全程长度为 LL。一段路程以 3v4\frac{3v}{4} 而非 vv 的速度行驶,会增加该路段正常行驶时间的三分之一。第一种情况下, 12+13(Lv1)=72 \frac12+\frac13\left(\frac Lv-1\right)=\frac72\text{,}所以 Lv=10\frac{L}{v}=10。若事故在前方 9090 英里处发生,则 12+13(Lv190v)=3 \frac12+\frac13\left(\frac Lv-1-\frac{90}{v}\right)=3\text{。}代入 Lv=10\frac{L}{v}=10,得到 90v=32\frac{90}{v}=\frac{3}{2},因此 v=60v=60,且 L=10v=600 L=10v=600\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the normal speed be vv and the trip length be L.L. Traveling a distance at 3v4\frac{3v}{4} rather than vv adds one-third of its normal travel time. In the first case, 12+13(Lv1)=72, \frac12+\frac13\left(\frac Lv-1\right)=\frac72, so Lv=10.\frac{L}{v}=10. If the accident happens 9090 miles farther along, 12+13(Lv190v)=3. \frac12+\frac13\left(\frac Lv-1-\frac{90}{v}\right)=3. Substituting Lv=10\frac{L}{v}=10 gives 90v=32,\frac{90}{v}=\frac{3}{2}, hence v=60v=60 and L=10v=600. L=10v=600.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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