1954 AMC 12 详解
向下滚动即可查看来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh 的精心整理的解答,打印PDF 解答,查看答案,或参加完整限时模拟考试。
所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
2.
方程 消去分母后可化为方程 。后一个方程的根为 和 。那么原方程的根为:
The equation can be transformed by eliminating fractions to the equation The roots of the latter equation are and Then the roots of the first equation are:
和
and
只有
only
只有
only
和 都不是
neither nor
和另一个根
and some other root
小提示:
对照原方程的分母检查两个根
Check both roots against the denominator in the original equation
大提示:
消去分母可能会引入一个使原表达式无定义的值
Clearing a denominator can introduce a value at which the original expression is undefined
解答:
变换后的二次方程可因式分解为 。但原方程的分母含有 ,所以在 时无定义。代入 合法,并且满足原方程。
因此,唯一的根是 ,正确答案是 C。
The transformed quadratic factors as However, the original equation has denominator so it is undefined at Substitution of is valid and satisfies the original equation.
Thus, the only root is and the correct answer is C.
3.
若 随 的立方成正比,且 随 的五次方根成正比,则 随 的 次方成正比,其中 为:
If varies as the cube of and varies as the fifth root of then varies as the th power of where is:
小提示:
写成 和
Write and
大提示:
将第二个变化关系代入第一个,并将指数相乘
Substitute the second variation law into the first and multiply the exponents
解答:
由于 与 成正比,它的立方与 成正比。又因为 与 成正比,所以 因此 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Since is proportional to its cube is proportional to Because is proportional to Hence
Thus, the correct answer is C.
4.
与 的最大公因数减去 后等于:
If the Highest Common Divisor of and is diminished by it will equal:
5.
一个正六边形内接于半径为 英寸的圆。它的面积为:
A regular hexagon is inscribed in a circle of radius inches. Its area is:
平方英寸
sq. in.
平方英寸
sq. in.
平方英寸
sq. in.
平方英寸
sq. in.
平方英寸
sq. in.
小提示:
内接正六边形的边长等于圆的半径
An inscribed regular hexagon has side length equal to the circle’s radius
大提示:
将正六边形分成六个边长为 的等边三角形
Divide the hexagon into six equilateral triangles of side
解答:
这个正六边形由六个边长为 的等边三角形组成。它的面积为 平方英寸。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The hexagon consists of six equilateral triangles of side Its area is square inches.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
6.
7.
一位家庭主妇购买促销连衣裙时节省了 。若她买裙子花了 ,则她节省了约:
A housewife saved in buying a dress on sale. If she spent for the dress, she saved about:
8.
一个三角形的底边长是一个正方形边长的两倍,并且两者面积相等。则三角形的高与正方形边长之比为:
The base of a triangle is twice as long as a side of a square and their areas are the same. Then the ratio of the altitude of the triangle to the side of the square is:
9.
点 位于一个圆外,距圆心 英寸。从 引出的割线依次与圆交于 和 ,其中割线的外部线段 长 英寸, 长 英寸。圆的半径为:
A point is outside a circle and is inches from the center. A secant from cuts the circle at and so that the external segment of the secant is inches and is inches. The radius of the circle is:
英寸
in.
英寸
in.
英寸
in.
英寸
in.
英寸
in.
10.
二项式 展开式中各数值系数之和为:
The sum of the numerical coefficients in the expansion of the binomial is:
小提示:
为 和 取合适的值,即可求出系数之和
The coefficient sum is obtained by choosing convenient values of and
大提示:
令
Set
解答:
令 ,则每个单项式都等于 ,因此展开式的值等于各系数之和。所以这个和为
正确答案是 C。
Setting makes every monomial equal to so the value of the expansion equals the sum of its coefficients. Thus the sum is
The correct answer is C.
11.
一位商人展示了一些连衣裙,每件都标有价格。然后他贴出告示:“这些连衣裙降价 。”连衣裙的成本是实际售价的 。那么成本与标价之比为:
A merchant placed on display some dresses, each with a marked price. He then posted a sign “ off on these dresses.” The cost of the dresses was of the price at which he actually sold them. Then the ratio of the cost to the marked price was:
12.
方程组 的解为:
The solution of the equations is:
,且
and
,且
and
无解
There is no solution
有无穷多个解
There are an unlimited number of solutions
,且
and
小提示:
比较第二个等式的左边与第一个等式左边的两倍
Compare the second left-hand side with twice the first
大提示:
第一个方程乘以二后,右边应为 ,而不是
Doubling the first equation would require the right-hand side to be , not
解答:
第二个方程的左边恰好是第一个方程左边的两倍,但右边不是 的两倍。这个方程组要求同一个表达式同时等于 和 ,这是不可能的。
因此方程组无解,正确答案是 C。
The left side of the second equation is exactly twice the left side of the first, but its right side is not twice The equations would require the same expression to equal both and which is impossible.
Thus, there is no solution, and the correct answer is C.
13.
一个四边形内接于圆。在四边形各边所截出的四段弧上分别作圆周角,且这些角不与各顶点之间的边相交,则四个角之和为:
A quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle. If angles are inscribed in the four arcs cut off by the sides of the quadrilateral, without intersecting the sides between vertices, their sum will be:
小提示:
设四段连续圆弧的度数为
Let the four consecutive arc measures be
大提示:
顶点位于度数为 的圆弧上的圆周角截得另外三段弧,其总度数为
An angle whose vertex lies in the arc of measure intercepts the other three arcs, of total measure
解答:
设四段弧的度数为 ,其和为 。位于度数为 的圆弧上的角截得另外三段弧,所以其度数为 ,其余三个角同理。四个角之和为
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let the four arcs have measures whose sum is The angle placed in the arc of measure intercepts the other three arcs, so it measures and similarly for the others. Their sum is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
14.
15.
16.
17.
函数 的图像:
The graph of the function goes:
向右上方、向左下方延伸
up to the right and down to the left
向右下方、向左上方延伸
down to the right and up to the left
向右上方、向左上方延伸
up to the right and up to the left
向右下方、向左下方延伸
down to the right and down to the left
以上走向均不正确
none of these ways
小提示:
常数 只使图像竖直平移,不改变其两端的走向
The constant shifts the graph vertically but does not change its end behavior
大提示:
正系数的奇次首项在右端趋于 ,在左端趋于
A positive odd-degree leading term tends to on the right and on the left
解答:
首项 决定图像两端的走向。当 趋于 时, 趋于 ;当 趋于 时, 趋于 。因此图像向右上方、向左下方延伸。
正确答案是 A。
The leading term controls the end behavior. As tends to tends to as tends to tends to Thus the graph goes up to the right and down to the left.
The correct answer is A.
18.
下列集合中,包含所有满足 的 值的是:
Of the following sets, the one that includes all values of which will satisfy is:
19.
连接一个三角形内切圆与三边的三个切点,所得三角形的各角:
If the three points of contact of a circle inscribed in a triangle are joined, the angles of the resulting triangle:
总是等于
are always equal to
总是一个钝角和两个不等的锐角
are always one obtuse angle and two unequal acute angles
总是一个钝角和两个相等的锐角
are always one obtuse angle and two equal acute angles
总是锐角
are always acute angles
总是互不相等
are always unequal to each other
小提示:
连接内心与两个相邻切点
Join the incenter to two adjacent points of tangency
大提示:
接触三角形中与顶角 相对的角为
The angle of the contact triangle opposite vertex angle is
解答:
通向两个相邻切点的半径分别垂直于对应边。这两条半径所夹的圆心角为 。接触三角形中相应的角等于所截圆弧度数的一半,即 另外两个角分别为 和 。因为三角形的每个角都严格介于 与 之间,所以这三个角都是锐角。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The radii to two adjacent tangency points are perpendicular to the corresponding sides. The central angle between those radii is The relevant angle of the contact triangle is half the intercepted arc, giving The other two angles are and Since every triangle angle lies strictly between and all three are acute.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
20.
方程 有:
The equation has:
没有负实根
no negative real roots
没有正实根
no positive real roots
没有实根
no real roots
个正根和 个负根
positive and negative roots
个正根和 个负根
positive and negative root
21.
要求方程 的根,可以解:
The roots of the equation can be found by solving:
22.
表达式 在 或 时无定义,因为不能除以零。对于 的其他值:
The expression cannot be evaluated for or since division by zero is not allowed. For other values of
该表达式会取许多不同的值。
The expression takes on many different values.
该表达式只有一个值 。
The expression has only the value
该表达式只有一个值 。
The expression has only the value
该表达式的值总在 与 之间
The expression always has a value between and
该表达式的值大于 或小于 。
The expression has a value greater than or less than
小提示:
将两个分式按相同分母合并
Combine the two fractions over their common denominator
大提示:
分子可因式分解为
The numerator factors as
解答:
合并分子,得到 对于允许的值 ,约去因式后,表达式等于 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Combining the numerators gives For the allowed values the factors cancel and the expression equals
Thus, the correct answer is B.
23.
一件商品的成本为 美元,售价为 美元。若利润为 ,则利润可表示为:
If the margin made on an article costing dollars and selling for dollars is then the margin is given by:
24.
使方程 有两个相等实根的 值为:
The values of for which the equation will have real and equal roots are:
和
and
只有
only
和
and
和
and
只有
only
25.
方程 的两个根为 和:
The two roots of the equation are and:
小提示:
使用两根之积,不必直接解二次方程
Use the product of the roots rather than solving the quadratic
大提示:
两根之积等于常数项除以首项系数
The product is the constant coefficient divided by the leading coefficient
解答:
由韦达定理,两根之积为 因为其中一个根是 ,所以另一个根等于这个乘积。
因此,正确答案是 D。
By Vieta’s formulas, the product of the two roots is Since one root is the other root equals this product.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
26.
点 将直线段 分割,使得 。分别以 和 为直径作圆,两圆的一条公切线与 的延长线交于 。则 等于:
The straight line is divided at so that Circles are described on and as diameters and a common tangent meets produced at Then equals:
较小圆的直径
the diameter of the smaller circle
较小圆的半径
the radius of the smaller circle
较大圆的半径
the radius of the larger circle
两圆半径之差
the difference of the two radii
小提示:
点 是两圆的外位似中心
The point is the external center of similitude of the two circles
大提示:
设 ,并按 比较 到两圆心的距离
Let and compare the distances from to the two centers in the ratio
解答:
设 ,则 ,且 。从 起量,两圆心的位置分别为 和 ,两半径之比为 。若 ,公切线使 成为两圆的外位似中心,所以 因此 ,且 这正是较小圆的半径。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let so and Measured from the circle centers are at and and their radii are in the ratio If the common external tangent makes the external center of similitude, so Hence and which is the radius of the smaller circle.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
27.
一个正圆锥的底面圆与一个给定球的半径相同。圆锥体积是球体积的一半。圆锥的高与底面半径之比为:
A right circular cone has for its base a circle having the same radius as a given sphere. The volume of the cone is one-half that of the sphere. The ratio of the altitude of the cone to the radius of its base is:
28.
29.
若一个直角三角形的两条直角边之比为 ,则从直角顶点向斜边作垂线后,斜边上对应两段之比为:
If the ratio of the legs of a right triangle is then the ratio of the corresponding segments of the hypotenuse made by a perpendicular upon it from the vertex is:
小提示:
斜边上的两段分别是两条直角边在斜边上的投影
The two hypotenuse segments are the projections of the legs
大提示:
由相似关系,它们的比等于对应直角边平方之比
By similarity, their ratio is the ratio of the squares of the corresponding legs
解答:
若两条直角边长为 和 ,则它们在斜边上的投影长为 和 。因此两段之比为 。当 时,该比为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If the legs have lengths and their projections on the hypotenuse have lengths and Their ratio is therefore With this is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
30.
和 合作可在 天内完成一项工作; 和 合作需四天; 和 合作需 天。 单独完成这项工作所需的天数为:
and together can do a job in days; and can do it in four days; and and in days. The number of days required for to do the job alone is:
31.
在三角形 中,,且 。点 位于三角形内部,并满足 。角 的度数为:
In triangle Point is within the triangle with The number of degrees in angle is:
32.
33.
一家银行对一笔 的贷款收取 费用。借款人实际收到 ,并分 个月、每月偿还 。利率约为:
A bank charges for a loan of The borrower receives and repays the loan in installments of a month. The interest rate is approximately:
小提示:
的费用是按每月减少 的未偿余额收取的利息
The charge is interest on a balance that decreases by each month
大提示:
用 与 的平均数近似未偿本金的平均值
Approximate the average outstanding principal by the average of and
解答:
未偿余额从 到 ,每次等额减少 ,所以平均未偿余额约为 因此年费用率约为 最接近的选项是 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The balance decreases in equal steps from to so its average outstanding value is approximately The annual charge is therefore about The nearest choice is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
34.
分数 :
The fraction
等于
equals
比 小
is less than by
比 小
is less than by
比 大
is greater than by
比 大
is greater than by
35.
在图示直角三角形中,距离 与 之和等于距离 与 之和。若 、 且 ,则 等于:
In the right triangle shown the sum of the distances and is equal to the sum of the distances and If and then equals:
小提示:
使用勾股定理,用 表示
Use the Pythagorean theorem to express in terms of
大提示:
从 出发,将根式单独放在一边并平方
From isolate the radical and square
解答:
由题设条件和勾股定理可得 将根式单独放在一边并平方后, 消去相同项,得到 所以 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The condition and the Pythagorean theorem give After isolating the radical and squaring, Cancelling common terms leaves so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
36.
一艘船在静水中的速度为 英里每小时。在水流速度为 英里每小时的河流中,它顺流航行一段距离后原路返回。往返平均速度与静水速度之比为:
A boat has a speed of mph in still water. In a stream that has a current of mph it travels a certain distance downstream and returns. The ratio of the average speed for the round trip to the speed in still water is:
小提示:
顺流和逆流速度分别为 英里每小时和 英里每小时
The downstream and upstream speeds are mph and mph
大提示:
往返距离相等,用总路程的两倍除以
For equal distances, divide twice the distance by
解答:
若单程距离为 ,则总时间为 因此往返平均速度为 它与 之比为
因此,正确答案是 C。
For a one-way distance the total time is Thus the round-trip average speed is Its ratio to is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
37.
在三角形 中, 平分 , 延长至 ,且 为直角。则:
Given triangle with bisecting extended to and a right angle, then:
以上答案均不正确
none of these is correct
小提示:
处的角在平分前为
The bisected angle at measures before it is halved
大提示:
因为横截线垂直于角平分线, 与 的一半互余
Since the transversal is perpendicular to the angle bisector, complements half of
解答:
处的角为 因为 平分这个角,所以 与 的夹角为 构成 的直线垂直于 ,所以
因此,正确答案是 B。
The angle at is Because bisects this angle, the angle between and is The line forming is perpendicular to so
Thus, the correct answer is B.
38.
39.
从给定圆外一点 向圆上任意一点作线段。若该圆的圆心为 ,半径为 ,则这些线段中点的轨迹为:
The locus of the midpoint of a line segment that is drawn from a given external point to a given circle with center and radius is:
垂直于 的直线
a straight line perpendicular to
平行于 的直线
a straight line parallel to
以 为圆心、 为半径的圆
a circle with center and radius
以 的中点为圆心、 为半径的圆
a circle with center at the midpoint of and radius
以 的中点为圆心、 为半径的圆
a circle with center at the midpoint of and radius
小提示:
设圆上的动点为 ,它与 所成线段的中点为
Let the variable endpoint on the given circle be and its midpoint with be
大提示:
映射 是以 为中心、比例因子为 的位似
The map is a dilation centered at with scale factor
解答:
当端点 在以 为圆心的圆上移动时,它与定点 所成线段的中点 是 在以 为中心、比例因子为 的位似下的像。因此该轨迹是一个圆,其圆心为 的中点,半径为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
As the endpoint moves on the circle centered at its midpoint with the fixed point is the image of under a dilation of scale centered at Therefore the locus is a circle whose center is the midpoint of and whose radius is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
40.
41.
方程 的所有根之和为:
The sum of all the roots of is:
42.
在同一坐标系中考察 与 的图像。这两条抛物线的形状完全相同。则:
Consider the graphs of and on the same set of axes. These parabolas have exactly the same shape. Then:
两图像重合。
the graphs coincide.
的图像低于 的图像
the graph of is lower than the graph of
的图像位于 的图像左侧
the graph of is to the left of the graph of
的图像位于 的图像右侧
the graph of is to the right of the graph of
的图像高于 的图像
the graph of is higher than the graph of
小提示:
使用 求每个顶点的 坐标
Find the -coordinate of each vertex using
大提示:
图像 的顶点满足 ,而图像 的顶点满足
Graph has vertex , whereas graph has vertex
解答:
的顶点的 坐标为 。因此图像 的顶点满足 ,而图像 的顶点满足 。两个顶点的纵坐标相等,所以图像 是同一条抛物线向右平移所得。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The vertex of has -coordinate Thus graph has its vertex at while graph has its vertex at Their vertex heights are equal, so graph is the same parabola shifted to the right.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
43.
一个直角三角形的斜边长为 英寸,内切圆半径为 英寸。该三角形的周长为多少英寸?
The hypotenuse of a right triangle is inches and the radius of the inscribed circle is inch. The perimeter of the triangle in inches is:
小提示:
对直角边为 、斜边为 的直角三角形,内切圆半径为
For a right triangle with legs and hypotenuse the inradius is
大提示:
代入 与 ,求
Substitute and to find
解答:
对于直角三角形, 代入 和 ,得到 。因此周长为
因此,正确答案是 B。
For a right triangle, With and this gives Hence the perimeter is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
44.
一名男子出生于十九世纪上半叶。在 年,他的年龄为 岁。他出生于:
A man born in the first half of the nineteenth century was years old in the year He was born in:
小提示:
他的出生年份为
His birth year is
大提示:
利用 是十九世纪年份这一条件,试验附近的整数
Use the requirement that is a nineteenth-century year and test the nearby integer
解答:
年份 必须位于十九世纪,因此 ,因为 ,而相邻整数的平方不在相关范围内。所以他的出生年份为 确实位于该世纪上半叶。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The year must lie in the nineteenth century, so because while the neighboring squares fall outside the relevant range. His birth year is therefore which is in the first half of the century.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
45.
在菱形 内作若干平行于对角线 的线段,线段端点位于菱形的边上。以线段到顶点 的距离为自变量、线段长度为函数值作图。该图像为:
In a rhombus line segments are drawn within the rhombus, parallel to diagonal and terminated in the sides of the rhombus. A graph is drawn showing the length of a segment as a function of its distance from vertex The graph is:
一条经过原点的直线。
a straight line passing through the origin.
一条穿过第一象限的直线。
a straight line cutting across the upper right quadrant.
两条组成正立 形的线段
two line segments forming an upright
两条组成倒置 形的线段
two line segments forming an inverted
以上答案均不正确。
none of these.
小提示:
想象把一条平行于 的线段从 向对面顶点移动
Imagine moving a segment parallel to from toward the opposite vertex
大提示:
线段长度先线性增加到整条对角线的长度,再线性减小到零
Its length grows linearly to the full diagonal and then decreases linearly to zero
解答:
从 出发时,平行截线的长度为 ,然后线性增加,直至达到对角线 的长度。继续向对面顶点移动时,线段长度线性减小回 。因此图像由两条组成倒 形的线段构成。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Starting at the parallel cross section has length and grows linearly until it reaches the diagonal Continuing toward the opposite vertex, its length decreases linearly back to The graph is therefore made of two line segments forming an inverted
Thus, the correct answer is D.
46.
在图中,若点 、 和 都是切点,则 等于:
In the diagram, if points and are points of tangency, then equals:
小提示:
图中标出的 英寸是圆的直径
The marked -inch measure is the circle’s diameter
大提示:
半径为 时,由于 ,圆心位于 顶点上方 英寸处
With radius the center is inch above the vertex because
解答:
半径为 英寸。圆心位于角平分线上。到任一斜边的垂直半径与从顶点到圆心的线段构成一个含 角的直角三角形,所以圆心位于顶点上方 英寸处。因此上方切线位于顶点上方 英寸处。由于下方水平线位于顶点上方 英寸处,
因此,正确答案是 E。
The radius is inch. The center lies on the angle bisector. The perpendicular radius to either sloping side and the segment from the vertex to the center form a right triangle with a angle, so the center is inch above the vertex. Hence the top tangent is inch above the vertex. Since the ledge is inch above the vertex,
Thus, the correct answer is E.
47.
线段 长 个单位。在其中点作长度为 个单位的垂线段 。以 为圆心、 为半径作弧,与 交于 。则 和 是下列哪个方程的根?
At the midpoint of line segment which is units long, a perpendicular is erected with length units. An arc is described from with a radius equal to meeting at Then and are the roots of:
48.
一列火车出发一小时后发生事故,耽误了半小时;之后以原速度的 继续行驶,最终晚点 小时。若事故发生在前方 英里处,火车将只晚点 小时。全程长度为多少英里?
A train, an hour after starting, meets with an accident which detains it a half hour, after which it proceeds at of its former rate and arrives hours late. Had the accident happened miles farther along the line, it would have arrived only hours late. The length of the trip in miles was:
小提示:
设正常速度为 ,全程长度为 ;在受影响的路段把速度降为 ,会增加该路段正常行驶时间的三分之一
Let the normal speed be and the trip length be ; slowing to adds one-third of the normal time on the affected distance
大提示:
使用两个晚点方程,先求 ,再求
Use the two late-arrival equations to find first , then
解答:
设正常速度为 ,全程长度为 。一段路程以 而非 的速度行驶,会增加该路段正常行驶时间的三分之一。第一种情况下, 所以 。若事故在前方 英里处发生,则 代入 ,得到 ,因此 ,且
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the normal speed be and the trip length be Traveling a distance at rather than adds one-third of its normal travel time. In the first case, so If the accident happens miles farther along, Substituting gives hence and
Thus, the correct answer is C.
49.
两个奇数的平方差总能被 整除。若 ,且 与 是这两个奇数,为证明这一命题,应将平方差写成:
The difference of the squares of two odd numbers is always divisible by If and and are the odd numbers, to prove the given statement we put the difference of the squares in the form:
小提示:
展开两个平方,并将每个变量与它的后继整数配成一组
Expand the two squares and group each variable with its successor
大提示:
乘积 与 都是偶数
Each product and is even
解答:
展开并重新分组, 和 都是偶数,所以两者之差也是偶数。因此所示表达式能被 整除。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Expanding and regrouping, Each of and is even, so their difference is even. The displayed expression is consequently divisible by
Thus, the correct answer is C.
50.
在 点与 点之间,时针与分针夹角为 度的时刻,精确到最近一分钟,分别为:
The times between and o’clock, correct to the nearest minute, when the hands of a clock will form an angle of degrees are:
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
小提示:
过 分钟后,两针的有向夹角为
At minutes after the signed separation of the hands is
大提示:
解 ,求出 的两个值
Solve for both values of
解答:
过 分钟后,时针位于 ,分针位于 。因此 两个解为 精确到最近一分钟,两个时刻为 和 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
At minutes after the hour hand is at and the minute hand is at Thus The two solutions are To the nearest minute, the times are and
Thus, the correct answer is A.