1954 AMC 12 真题

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1.

5y2255-\sqrt{y^2-25} 的平方为:

The square of 5y2255-\sqrt{y^2-25} is:

y25y225y^2-5\sqrt{y^2-25}

y2-y^2

y2y^2

(5y)2(5-y)^2

y210y225y^2-10\sqrt{y^2-25}

答案:E
知识点:根式代数变形
难度评级:1260
小提示:

使用 (ab)2=a22ab+b2(a-b)^2=a^2-2ab+b^2

Use (ab)2=a22ab+b2(a-b)^2=a^2-2ab+b^2

大提示:

常数 2525 与根式平方后产生的 25-25 相消

The constant 2525 cancels with the 25-25 inside the squared radical

解答:

展开可得 (5y225)2=2510y225+y225=y210y225 \begin{aligned} &\left(5-\sqrt{y^2-25}\right)^2\\ &\quad=25-10\sqrt{y^2-25}\\ &\qquad{}+y^2-25\\ &\quad=y^2-10\sqrt{y^2-25} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

Expanding gives (5y225)2=2510y225+y225=y210y225. \begin{aligned} &\left(5-\sqrt{y^2-25}\right)^2\\ &\quad=25-10\sqrt{y^2-25}\\ &\qquad{}+y^2-25\\ &\quad=y^2-10\sqrt{y^2-25}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

2.

方程 2x2x12x+73+46xx1+1=0 \begin{aligned} \frac{2x^2}{x-1}-\frac{2x+7}{3} &{}+\frac{4-6x}{x-1}\\ &{}+1=0 \end{aligned} 消去分母后可化为方程 x25x+4=0x^2-5x+4=0。后一个方程的根为 4411。那么原方程的根为:

The equation 2x2x12x+73+46xx1+1=0 \begin{aligned} \frac{2x^2}{x-1}-\frac{2x+7}{3} &{}+\frac{4-6x}{x-1}\\ &{}+1=0 \end{aligned} can be transformed by eliminating fractions to the equation x25x+4=0.x^2-5x+4=0. The roots of the latter equation are 44 and 1.1. Then the roots of the first equation are:

4411

44 and 11

只有 11

only 11

只有 44

only 44

4411 都不是

neither 44 nor 11

44 和另一个根

44 and some other root

答案:C
难度评级:1340
小提示:

对照原方程的分母检查两个根

Check both roots against the denominator in the original equation

大提示:

消去分母可能会引入一个使原表达式无定义的值

Clearing a denominator can introduce a value at which the original expression is undefined

解答:

变换后的二次方程可因式分解为 (x1)(x4)=0(x-1)(x-4)=0。但原方程的分母含有 x1x-1,所以在 x=1x=1 时无定义。代入 x=4x=4 合法,并且满足原方程。

因此,唯一的根是 44,正确答案是 C

The transformed quadratic factors as (x1)(x4)=0.(x-1)(x-4)=0. However, the original equation has denominator x1,x-1, so it is undefined at x=1.x=1. Substitution of x=4x=4 is valid and satisfies the original equation.

Thus, the only root is 4,4, and the correct answer is C.

3.

xxyy 的立方成正比,且 yyzz 的五次方根成正比,则 xxzznn 次方成正比,其中 nn 为:

If xx varies as the cube of y,y, and yy varies as the fifth root of z,z, then xx varies as the nnth power of z,z, where nn is:

115\dfrac1{15}

53\dfrac53

35\dfrac35

1515

88

答案:C
难度评级:1260
小提示:

写成 x=k1y3x=k_1y^3y=k2z15y=k_2z^{\frac{1}{5}}

Write x=k1y3x=k_1y^3 and y=k2z15y=k_2z^{\frac{1}{5}}

大提示:

将第二个变化关系代入第一个,并将指数相乘

Substitute the second variation law into the first and multiply the exponents

解答:

由于 yyz15z^{\frac{1}{5}} 成正比,它的立方与 z35z^{\frac{3}{5}} 成正比。又因为 xxy3y^3 成正比,所以 xz35 x\propto z^{\frac{3}{5}}\text{。}因此 n=35n=\frac{3}{5}

因此,正确答案是 C

Since yy is proportional to z15,z^{\frac{1}{5}}, its cube is proportional to z35.z^{\frac{3}{5}}. Because xx is proportional to y3,y^3, xz35. x\propto z^{\frac{3}{5}}. Hence n=35.n=\frac{3}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

4.

64326432132132 的最大公因数减去 88 后等于:

If the Highest Common Divisor of 64326432 and 132132 is diminished by 8,8, it will equal:

6-6

66

2-2

33

44

答案:E
难度评级:1180
小提示:

使用欧几里得算法,或将两个数分解质因数

Use the Euclidean algorithm or factor the two numbers

大提示:

它们的最大公因数是 1212

Their greatest common divisor is 1212

解答:

由欧几里得算法可得 gcd(6432,132)=12 \gcd(6432,132)=12\text{。}再减去 88,得到 128=412-8=4

因此,正确答案是 E

The Euclidean algorithm gives gcd(6432,132)=12. \gcd(6432,132)=12. Diminishing this by 88 gives 128=4.12-8=4.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

5.

一个正六边形内接于半径为 1010 英寸的圆。它的面积为:

A regular hexagon is inscribed in a circle of radius 1010 inches. Its area is:

1503150\sqrt3 平方英寸

1503150\sqrt3 sq. in.

150150 平方英寸

150150 sq. in.

25325\sqrt3 平方英寸

25325\sqrt3 sq. in.

600600 平方英寸

600600 sq. in.

3003300\sqrt3 平方英寸

3003300\sqrt3 sq. in.

答案:A
难度评级:1360
小提示:

内接正六边形的边长等于圆的半径

An inscribed regular hexagon has side length equal to the circle’s radius

大提示:

将正六边形分成六个边长为 1010 的等边三角形

Divide the hexagon into six equilateral triangles of side 1010

解答:

这个正六边形由六个边长为 1010 的等边三角形组成。它的面积为 6(34102)=1503 6\left(\frac{\sqrt3}{4}\cdot10^2\right) =150\sqrt3 平方英寸。

因此,正确答案是 A

The hexagon consists of six equilateral triangles of side 10.10. Its area is 6(34102)=1503 6\left(\frac{\sqrt3}{4}\cdot10^2\right) =150\sqrt3 square inches.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

6.

(116)a0+(116a)0\left(\dfrac1{16}\right)^{a^0}+\left(\dfrac1{16a}\right)^0 6412(32)45{}-64^{-\frac{1}{2}}-(-32)^{-\frac{4}{5}} 的值为:

The value of (116)a0+(116a)0\left(\dfrac1{16}\right)^{a^0}+\left(\dfrac1{16a}\right)^0 6412(32)45{}-64^{-\frac{1}{2}}-(-32)^{-\frac{4}{5}} is:

113161\dfrac{13}{16}

13161\dfrac3{16}

11

78\dfrac78

116\dfrac1{16}

答案:D
难度评级:1450
小提示:

使用 a0=1a^0=1,分别计算四项

Evaluate each of the four terms separately, using a0=1a^0=1

大提示:

32-32 的实五次方根为 2-2,所以 (32)45=116(-32)^{-\frac{4}{5}}=\frac{1}{16}

The real fifth root of 32-32 is 2-2, so (32)45=116(-32)^{-\frac{4}{5}}=\frac{1}{16}

解答:

对于符合定义条件的 aa,四项依次为 116,1,18,116 \frac1{16},\qquad 1,\qquad \frac18,\qquad \frac1{16}\text{。}因此原表达式为 116+118116=78 \frac1{16}+1-\frac18-\frac1{16}=\frac78\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

For permissible a,a, the four terms are 116,1,18,116. \frac1{16},\qquad 1,\qquad \frac18,\qquad \frac1{16}. Therefore the expression is 116+118116=78. \frac1{16}+1-\frac18-\frac1{16}=\frac78.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

一位家庭主妇购买促销连衣裙时节省了 $2.50\$2.50。若她买裙子花了 $25\$25,则她节省了约:

A housewife saved $2.50\$2.50 in buying a dress on sale. If she spent $25\$25 for the dress, she saved about:

8%8\%

9%9\%

10%10\%

11%11\%

12%12\%

答案:B
难度评级:890
小提示:

将节省的金额加到促销价上,求出原价

Add the savings to the sale price to recover the original price

大提示:

2.5027.50\frac{2.50}{27.50} 化为百分数

Compute 2.5027.50\frac{2.50}{27.50} as a percentage

解答:

原价为 $27.50\$27.50。节省的比例为 2.5027.50=1110.0909 \frac{2.50}{27.50}=\frac1{11}\approx0.0909\text{,}约为 9%9\%

因此,正确答案是 B

The original price was $27.50.\$27.50. The fraction saved was 2.5027.50=1110.0909, \frac{2.50}{27.50}=\frac1{11}\approx0.0909, or about 9%.9\%.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

8.

一个三角形的底边长是一个正方形边长的两倍,并且两者面积相等。则三角形的高与正方形边长之比为:

The base of a triangle is twice as long as a side of a square and their areas are the same. Then the ratio of the altitude of the triangle to the side of the square is:

14\dfrac14

12\dfrac12

11

22

44

答案:C
难度评级:890
小提示:

设正方形边长为 ss,三角形的高为 hh

Let the square’s side be ss and the triangle’s altitude be hh

大提示:

s2s^2 等于 12(2s)h\tfrac12(2s)h

Equate s2s^2 with 12(2s)h\tfrac12(2s)h

解答:

若正方形边长为 ss,则三角形底边长为 2s2s。由面积相等可得 s2=12(2s)h=sh s^2=\frac12(2s)h=sh\text{。}因此 h=sh=s,所求比值为 11

正确答案是 C

If the square side is s,s, the triangle base is 2s.2s. Equal areas give s2=12(2s)h=sh. s^2=\frac12(2s)h=sh. Thus h=s,h=s, so the requested ratio is 1.1.

The correct answer is C.

9.

PP 位于一个圆外,距圆心 1313 英寸。从 PP 引出的割线依次与圆交于 QQRR,其中割线的外部线段 PQ\overline{PQ}99 英寸,QR\overline{QR}77 英寸。圆的半径为:

A point PP is outside a circle and is 1313 inches from the center. A secant from PP cuts the circle at QQ and RR so that the external segment of the secant PQ\overline{PQ} is 99 inches and QR\overline{QR} is 77 inches. The radius of the circle is:

33 英寸

33 in.

44 英寸

44 in.

55 英寸

55 in.

66 英寸

66 in.

77 英寸

77 in.

答案:C
知识点:圆幂
难度评级:1400
小提示:

点的幂等于割线外部线段长乘以整条割线长

The secant power is the external length times the whole secant length

大提示:

9(9+7)9(9+7) 等于 132r213^2-r^2

Equate 9(9+7)9(9+7) with 132r213^2-r^2

解答:

PP 的幂为 PQPR=9(16)=144 PQ\cdot PR=9(16)=144\text{。}它也等于 132r213^2-r^2,所以 169r2=144169-r^2=144。因此 r2=25r^2=25,且 r=5r=5 英寸。

因此,正确答案是 C

The power of PP is PQPR=9(16)=144. PQ\cdot PR=9(16)=144. It is also 132r2,13^2-r^2, so 169r2=144.169-r^2=144. Hence r2=25r^2=25 and r=5r=5 inches.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

10.

二项式 (a+b)6(a+b)^6 展开式中各数值系数之和为:

The sum of the numerical coefficients in the expansion of the binomial (a+b)6(a+b)^6 is:

3232

1616

6464

4848

77

答案:C
知识点:二项式定理
难度评级:1180
小提示:

aabb 取合适的值,即可求出系数之和

The coefficient sum is obtained by choosing convenient values of aa and bb

大提示:

a=b=1a=b=1

Set a=b=1a=b=1

解答:

a=b=1a=b=1,则每个单项式都等于 11,因此展开式的值等于各系数之和。所以这个和为 (1+1)6=64 (1+1)^6=64\text{。}

正确答案是 C

Setting a=b=1a=b=1 makes every monomial equal to 1,1, so the value of the expansion equals the sum of its coefficients. Thus the sum is (1+1)6=64. (1+1)^6=64.

The correct answer is C.

11.

一位商人展示了一些连衣裙,每件都标有价格。然后他贴出告示:“这些连衣裙降价 13\dfrac13。”连衣裙的成本是实际售价的 34\dfrac34。那么成本与标价之比为:

A merchant placed on display some dresses, each with a marked price. He then posted a sign “13\dfrac13 off on these dresses.” The cost of the dresses was 34\dfrac34 of the price at which he actually sold them. Then the ratio of the cost to the marked price was:

12\dfrac12

13\dfrac13

14\dfrac14

23\dfrac23

34\dfrac34

答案:A
难度评级:1290
小提示:

售价是标价的 23\frac{2}{3}

The selling price is 23\frac{2}{3} of the marked price

大提示:

成本是该售价的 34\frac{3}{4}

The cost is 34\frac{3}{4} of that selling price

解答:

若标价为 MM,则售价为 2M3\frac{2M}{3}。因此成本为 3423M=12M \frac34\cdot\frac23M=\frac12M\text{。}成本与标价之比为 12\frac{1}{2}

因此,正确答案是 A

If the marked price is M,M, then the selling price is 2M3.\frac{2M}{3}. The cost is therefore 3423M=12M. \frac34\cdot\frac23M=\frac12M. The cost-to-marked-price ratio is 12.\frac{1}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

12.

方程组 2x3y=7,4x6y=20 \begin{aligned} 2x-3y&=7,\\ 4x-6y&=20 \end{aligned} 的解为:

The solution of the equations 2x3y=7,4x6y=20 \begin{aligned} 2x-3y&=7,\\ 4x-6y&=20 \end{aligned} is:

x=18x=18,且 y=12y=12

x=18,x=18, and y=12y=12

x=0x=0,且 y=0y=0

x=0,x=0, and y=0y=0

无解

There is no solution

有无穷多个解

There are an unlimited number of solutions

x=8x=8,且 y=5y=5

x=8,x=8, and y=5y=5

答案:C
知识点:方程组平行线
难度评级:1360
小提示:

比较第二个等式的左边与第一个等式左边的两倍

Compare the second left-hand side with twice the first

大提示:

第一个方程乘以二后,右边应为 1414,而不是 2020

Doubling the first equation would require the right-hand side to be 1414, not 2020

解答:

第二个方程的左边恰好是第一个方程左边的两倍,但右边不是 77 的两倍。这个方程组要求同一个表达式同时等于 14142020,这是不可能的。

因此方程组无解,正确答案是 C

The left side of the second equation is exactly twice the left side of the first, but its right side is not twice 7.7. The equations would require the same expression to equal both 1414 and 20,20, which is impossible.

Thus, there is no solution, and the correct answer is C.

13.

一个四边形内接于圆。在四边形各边所截出的四段弧上分别作圆周角,且这些角不与各顶点之间的边相交,则四个角之和为:

A quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle. If angles are inscribed in the four arcs cut off by the sides of the quadrilateral, without intersecting the sides between vertices, their sum will be:

180180^\circ

540540^\circ

360360^\circ

450450^\circ

10801080^\circ

答案:B
难度评级:1630
小提示:

设四段连续圆弧的度数为 a,b,c,da,b,c,d

Let the four consecutive arc measures be a,b,c,da,b,c,d

大提示:

顶点位于度数为 aa 的圆弧上的圆周角截得另外三段弧,其总度数为 360a360^\circ-a

An angle whose vertex lies in the arc of measure aa intercepts the other three arcs, of total measure 360a360^\circ-a

解答:

设四段弧的度数为 a,b,c,da,b,c,d,其和为 360360^\circ。位于度数为 aa 的圆弧上的角截得另外三段弧,所以其度数为 360a2\frac{360^\circ-a}{2},其余三个角同理。四个角之和为 4(360)(a+b+c+d)2=10802=540 \begin{aligned} &\frac{4(360^\circ)-(a+b+c+d)}2\\ &\qquad=\frac{1080^\circ}{2}\\ &\qquad=540^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let the four arcs have measures a,b,c,d,a,b,c,d, whose sum is 360.360^\circ. The angle placed in the arc of measure aa intercepts the other three arcs, so it measures 360a2,\frac{360^\circ-a}{2}, and similarly for the others. Their sum is 4(360)(a+b+c+d)2=10802=540. \begin{aligned} &\frac{4(360^\circ)-(a+b+c+d)}2\\ &\qquad=\frac{1080^\circ}{2}\\ &\qquad=540^\circ. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

14.

1+(x412x2)2\sqrt{1+\left(\dfrac{x^4-1}{2x^2}\right)^2} 化简后等于:

When simplified 1+(x412x2)2\sqrt{1+\left(\dfrac{x^4-1}{2x^2}\right)^2} equals:

x4+2x212x2\dfrac{x^4+2x^2-1}{2x^2}

x412x2\dfrac{x^4-1}{2x^2}

x2+12\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+1}}2

x22\dfrac{x^2}{\sqrt2}

x22+12x2\dfrac{x^2}{2}+\dfrac1{2x^2}

答案:E
难度评级:1740
小提示:

11 通分到分母 4x44x^4

Put 11 over the denominator 4x44x^4

大提示:

分子变为 4x4+(x41)2=(x4+1)24x^4+(x^4-1)^2=(x^4+1)^2

The numerator becomes 4x4+(x41)2=(x4+1)24x^4+(x^4-1)^2=(x^4+1)^2

解答:

x0x\ne0 时, 1+(x412x2)2=4x4+(x41)24x4=(x4+1)24x4 \begin{aligned} &1+\left(\frac{x^4-1}{2x^2}\right)^2\\ &\quad=\frac{4x^4+(x^4-1)^2}{4x^4}\\ &\quad=\frac{(x^4+1)^2}{4x^4} \end{aligned}\text{。}因为 x2>0x^2\gt0,所以它的平方根为 x4+12x2=x22+12x2 \frac{x^4+1}{2x^2} =\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac1{2x^2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

For x0,x\ne0, 1+(x412x2)2=4x4+(x41)24x4=(x4+1)24x4. \begin{aligned} &1+\left(\frac{x^4-1}{2x^2}\right)^2\\ &\quad=\frac{4x^4+(x^4-1)^2}{4x^4}\\ &\quad=\frac{(x^4+1)^2}{4x^4}. \end{aligned} Because x2>0,x^2\gt0, its square root is x4+12x2=x22+12x2. \frac{x^4+1}{2x^2} =\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac1{2x^2}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

15.

log125\log125 等于:

log125\log125 equals:

100log1.25100\log1.25

5log35\log3

3log253\log25

33log23-3\log2

(log25)(log5)(\log25)(\log5)

答案:D
知识点:对数代数变形
难度评级:1280
小提示:

写成 125=10008125=\frac{1000}{8}

Write 125=10008125=\frac{1000}{8}

大提示:

使用 log1000=3\log1000=3log8=3log2\log8=3\log2

Use log1000=3\log1000=3 and log8=3log2\log8=3\log2

解答:

利用对数运算律, log125=log(10008)=3log(23)=33log2 \begin{aligned} \log125 &=\log\left(\frac{1000}{8}\right)\\ &=3-\log(2^3)\\ &=3-3\log2 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Using logarithm laws, log125=log(10008)=3log(23)=33log2. \begin{aligned} \log125 &=\log\left(\frac{1000}{8}\right)\\ &=3-\log(2^3)\\ &=3-3\log2. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

16.

f(x)=5x22x1f(x)=5x^2-2x-1,则 f(x+h)f(x)f(x+h)-f(x) 等于:

If f(x)=5x22x1,f(x)=5x^2-2x-1, then f(x+h)f(x)f(x+h)-f(x) equals:

5h22h5h^2-2h

10xh4x+210xh-4x+2

10xh2x210xh-2x-2

h(10x+5h2)h(10x+5h-2)

3h3h

答案:D
难度评级:1340
小提示:

先将 x+hx+h 代入多项式,再减去 f(x)f(x)

Substitute x+hx+h into the polynomial before subtracting f(x)f(x)

大提示:

消去同类项后,提取因式 hh

After cancellation, factor out hh

解答:

展开并消去同类项可得 f(x+h)f(x)=5(x+h)22(x+h)1(5x22x1)=10xh+5h22h=h(10x+5h2) \begin{gathered} f(x+h)-f(x)\\ =5(x+h)^2-2(x+h)-1\\ {}-(5x^2-2x-1)\\ =10xh+5h^2-2h\\ =h(10x+5h-2) \end{gathered}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Expanding and canceling gives f(x+h)f(x)=5(x+h)22(x+h)1(5x22x1)=10xh+5h22h=h(10x+5h2). \begin{gathered} f(x+h)-f(x)\\ =5(x+h)^2-2(x+h)-1\\ {}-(5x^2-2x-1)\\ =10xh+5h^2-2h\\ =h(10x+5h-2). \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

17.

函数 f(x)=2x37f(x)=2x^3-7 的图像:

The graph of the function f(x)=2x37f(x)=2x^3-7 goes:

向右上方、向左下方延伸

up to the right and down to the left

向右下方、向左上方延伸

down to the right and up to the left

向右上方、向左上方延伸

up to the right and up to the left

向右下方、向左下方延伸

down to the right and down to the left

以上走向均不正确

none of these ways

答案:A
知识点:多项式函数
难度评级:1180
小提示:

常数 7-7 只使图像竖直平移,不改变其两端的走向

The constant 7-7 shifts the graph vertically but does not change its end behavior

大提示:

正系数的奇次首项在右端趋于 ++\infty,在左端趋于 -\infty

A positive odd-degree leading term tends to ++\infty on the right and -\infty on the left

解答:

首项 2x32x^3 决定图像两端的走向。当 xx 趋于 ++\infty 时,f(x)f(x) 趋于 ++\infty;当 xx 趋于 -\infty 时,f(x)f(x) 趋于 -\infty。因此图像向右上方、向左下方延伸。

正确答案是 A

The leading term 2x32x^3 controls the end behavior. As xx tends to +,+\infty, f(x)f(x) tends to +;+\infty; as xx tends to ,-\infty, f(x)f(x) tends to .-\infty. Thus the graph goes up to the right and down to the left.

The correct answer is A.

18.

下列集合中,包含所有满足 2x3>7x2x-3\gt7-xxx 值的是:

Of the following sets, the one that includes all values of xx which will satisfy 2x3>7x2x-3\gt7-x is:

x>4x\gt4

x<103x\lt\dfrac{10}{3}

x=103x=\dfrac{10}{3}

x>103x\gt\dfrac{10}{3}

x<0x\lt0

答案:D
难度评级:1070
小提示:

将含 xx 的项移到一边,常数项移到另一边

Collect the xx-terms on one side and constants on the other

大提示:

两边加上 x+3x+3,得到 3x>103x\gt10

Adding x+3x+3 to both sides gives 3x>103x\gt10

解答:

两边加上 x+3x+3,得到 3x>10 3x\gt10\text{,}所以 x>103x\gt\frac{10}{3}

因此,正确答案是 D

Adding x+3x+3 to both sides gives 3x>10, 3x\gt10, so x>103.x\gt\frac{10}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

19.

连接一个三角形内切圆与三边的三个切点,所得三角形的各角:

If the three points of contact of a circle inscribed in a triangle are joined, the angles of the resulting triangle:

总是等于 6060^\circ

are always equal to 6060^\circ

总是一个钝角和两个不等的锐角

are always one obtuse angle and two unequal acute angles

总是一个钝角和两个相等的锐角

are always one obtuse angle and two equal acute angles

总是锐角

are always acute angles

总是互不相等

are always unequal to each other

答案:D
难度评级:1780
小提示:

连接内心与两个相邻切点

Join the incenter to two adjacent points of tangency

大提示:

接触三角形中与顶角 AA 相对的角为 90A290^\circ-\frac{A}{2}

The angle of the contact triangle opposite vertex angle AA is 90A290^\circ-\frac{A}{2}

解答:

通向两个相邻切点的半径分别垂直于对应边。这两条半径所夹的圆心角为 180A180^\circ-A。接触三角形中相应的角等于所截圆弧度数的一半,即 90A2 90^\circ-\frac A2\text{。}另外两个角分别为 90B290^\circ-\frac{B}{2}90C290^\circ-\frac{C}{2}。因为三角形的每个角都严格介于 00^\circ180180^\circ 之间,所以这三个角都是锐角。

因此,正确答案是 D

The radii to two adjacent tangency points are perpendicular to the corresponding sides. The central angle between those radii is 180A.180^\circ-A. The relevant angle of the contact triangle is half the intercepted arc, giving 90A2. 90^\circ-\frac A2. The other two angles are 90B290^\circ-\frac{B}{2} and 90C2.90^\circ-\frac{C}{2}. Since every triangle angle lies strictly between 00^\circ and 180,180^\circ, all three are acute.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

20.

方程 x3+6x2+11x+6=0x^3+6x^2+11x+6=0 有:

The equation x3+6x2+11x+6=0x^3+6x^2+11x+6=0 has:

没有负实根

no negative real roots

没有正实根

no positive real roots

没有实根

no real roots

11 个正根和 22 个负根

11 positive and 22 negative roots

22 个正根和 11 个负根

22 positive and 11 negative root

答案:B
难度评级:1280
小提示:

试验由常数项提示的几个较小负整数

Test the small negative integers suggested by the constant term

大提示:

该多项式可因式分解为 (x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)

The polynomial factors as (x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)

解答:

该多项式可因式分解为 x3+6x2+11x+6=(x+1)(x+2)(x+3) \begin{gathered} x^3+6x^2+11x+6\\ =(x+1)(x+2)(x+3) \end{gathered}\text{。}它的根为 1,2,3-1,-2,-3,所以没有正实根。

因此,正确答案是 B

The polynomial factors as x3+6x2+11x+6=(x+1)(x+2)(x+3). \begin{gathered} x^3+6x^2+11x+6\\ =(x+1)(x+2)(x+3). \end{gathered} Its roots are 1,2,3,-1,-2,-3, so it has no positive real roots.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

21.

要求方程 2x+2x12=52\sqrt{x}+2x^{-\frac{1}{2}}=5 的根,可以解:

The roots of the equation 2x+2x12=52\sqrt{x}+2x^{-\frac{1}{2}}=5 can be found by solving:

16x292x+1=016x^2-92x+1=0

4x225x+4=04x^2-25x+4=0

4x217x+4=04x^2-17x+4=0

2x221x+2=02x^2-21x+2=0

4x225x4=04x^2-25x-4=0

答案:C
难度评级:1630
小提示:

乘以 x\sqrt{x},消去负指数

Multiply by x\sqrt{x} to remove the negative exponent

大提示:

在平方之前,将 2x+2=5x2x+2=5\sqrt{x} 中的根式单独放在一边

Isolate the radical in 2x+2=5x2x+2=5\sqrt{x} before squaring

解答:

乘以 x\sqrt{x},得到 2x+2=5x 2x+2=5\sqrt{x}\text{。}两边平方并化简, 4x2+8x+4=25x 4x^2+8x+4=25x\text{,}所以 4x217x+4=0 4x^2-17x+4=0\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Multiplying by x\sqrt{x} gives 2x+2=5x. 2x+2=5\sqrt{x}. Squaring and simplifying, 4x2+8x+4=25x, 4x^2+8x+4=25x, so 4x217x+4=0. 4x^2-17x+4=0.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

22.

表达式 2x2x(x+1)(x2)\dfrac{2x^2-x}{(x+1)(x-2)} 4+x(x+1)(x2){}-\dfrac{4+x}{(x+1)(x-2)}x=1x=-1x=2x=2 时无定义,因为不能除以零。对于 xx 的其他值:

The expression 2x2x(x+1)(x2)\dfrac{2x^2-x}{(x+1)(x-2)} 4+x(x+1)(x2){}-\dfrac{4+x}{(x+1)(x-2)} cannot be evaluated for x=1x=-1 or x=2,x=2, since division by zero is not allowed. For other values of x:x:

该表达式会取许多不同的值。

The expression takes on many different values.

该表达式只有一个值 22

The expression has only the value 2.2.

该表达式只有一个值 11

The expression has only the value 1.1.

该表达式的值总在 1-122 之间

The expression always has a value between 1-1 and 2.2.

该表达式的值大于 22 或小于 1-1

The expression has a value greater than 22 or less than 1.-1.

答案:B
难度评级:1400
小提示:

将两个分式按相同分母合并

Combine the two fractions over their common denominator

大提示:

分子可因式分解为 2(x+1)(x2)2(x+1)(x-2)

The numerator factors as 2(x+1)(x2)2(x+1)(x-2)

解答:

合并分子,得到 2x2x(4+x)=2x22x4=2(x+1)(x2) \begin{gathered} 2x^2-x-(4+x)\\ =2x^2-2x-4\\ =2(x+1)(x-2) \end{gathered}\text{。}对于允许的值 x1,2x\ne-1,2,约去因式后,表达式等于 22

因此,正确答案是 B

Combining the numerators gives 2x2x(4+x)=2x22x4=2(x+1)(x2). \begin{gathered} 2x^2-x-(4+x)\\ =2x^2-2x-4\\ =2(x+1)(x-2). \end{gathered} For the allowed values x1,2,x\ne-1,2, the factors cancel and the expression equals 2.2.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

23.

一件商品的成本为 CC 美元,售价为 SS 美元。若利润为 M=1nCM=\dfrac1nC,则利润可表示为:

If the margin made on an article costing CC dollars and selling for SS dollars is M=1nC,M=\dfrac1nC, then the margin is given by:

M=1n1SM=\dfrac1{n-1}S

M=1nSM=\dfrac1nS

M=nn+1SM=\dfrac n{n+1}S

M=1n+1SM=\dfrac1{n+1}S

M=nn1SM=\dfrac n{n-1}S

答案:D
难度评级:1400
小提示:

同时使用 S=C+MS=C+MM=CnM=\frac{C}{n}

Use S=C+MS=C+M together with M=CnM=\frac{C}{n}

大提示:

SS 表示 CC,再除以 nn

Express CC in terms of SS, then divide by nn

解答:

因为 S=C+M=C+CnS=C+M=C+\frac{C}{n}S=n+1nC,C=nn+1S \begin{aligned} S&=\frac{n+1}{n}C,\\ C&=\frac n{n+1}S \end{aligned}\text{。}所以 M=Cn=1n+1S M=\frac Cn=\frac1{n+1}S\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Since S=C+M=C+Cn,S=C+M=C+\frac{C}{n}, S=n+1nC,C=nn+1S. \begin{aligned} S&=\frac{n+1}{n}C,\\ C&=\frac n{n+1}S. \end{aligned} Therefore M=Cn=1n+1S. M=\frac Cn=\frac1{n+1}S.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

24.

使方程 2x2kx+x+8=02x^2-kx+x+8=0 有两个相等实根的 kk 值为:

The values of kk for which the equation 2x2kx+x+8=02x^2-kx+x+8=0 will have real and equal roots are:

997-7

99 and 7-7

只有 7-7

only 7-7

9977

99 and 77

9-97-7

9-9 and 7-7

只有 99

only 99

答案:A
难度评级:1450
小提示:

合并一次项,将 xx 的系数写成 1k1-k

Combine the linear terms to write the coefficient of xx as 1k1-k

大提示:

令判别式 (1k)264(1-k)^2-64 等于零

Set the discriminant (1k)264(1-k)^2-64 equal to zero

解答:

要有相等实根,必须满足 (1k)24(2)(8)=0 (1-k)^2-4(2)(8)=0\text{。}因此 (1k)2=64(1-k)^2=64,所以 1k=±81-k=\pm8。两个值为 k=9k=9k=7k=-7

因此,正确答案是 A

A repeated real root requires (1k)24(2)(8)=0. (1-k)^2-4(2)(8)=0. Thus (1k)2=64,(1-k)^2=64, so 1k=±8.1-k=\pm8. The two values are k=9k=9 and k=7.k=-7.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

25.

方程 a(bc)x2+b(ca)x+c(ab)=0 \begin{aligned} a(b-c)x^2+b(c-a)x\\ {}+c(a-b)&=0 \end{aligned} 的两个根为 11 和:

The two roots of the equation a(bc)x2+b(ca)x+c(ab)=0 \begin{aligned} a(b-c)x^2+b(c-a)x\\ {}+c(a-b)&=0 \end{aligned} are 11 and:

b(ca)a(bc)\dfrac{b(c-a)}{a(b-c)}

a(bc)c(ab)\dfrac{a(b-c)}{c(a-b)}

a(bc)b(ca)\dfrac{a(b-c)}{b(c-a)}

c(ab)a(bc)\dfrac{c(a-b)}{a(b-c)}

c(ab)b(ca)\dfrac{c(a-b)}{b(c-a)}

答案:D
难度评级:1630
小提示:

使用两根之积,不必直接解二次方程

Use the product of the roots rather than solving the quadratic

大提示:

两根之积等于常数项除以首项系数

The product is the constant coefficient divided by the leading coefficient

解答:

由韦达定理,两根之积为 c(ab)a(bc) \frac{c(a-b)}{a(b-c)}\text{。}因为其中一个根是 11,所以另一个根等于这个乘积。

因此,正确答案是 D

By Vieta’s formulas, the product of the two roots is c(ab)a(bc). \frac{c(a-b)}{a(b-c)}. Since one root is 1,1, the other root equals this product.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

26.

CC 将直线段 ABAB 分割,使得 AC=3CB\overline{AC}=3\overline{CB}。分别以 AC\overline{AC}CB\overline{CB} 为直径作圆,两圆的一条公切线与 AB\overline{AB} 的延长线交于 DD。则 BD\overline{BD} 等于:

The straight line ABAB is divided at CC so that AC=3CB.\overline{AC}=3\overline{CB}. Circles are described on AC\overline{AC} and CB\overline{CB} as diameters and a common tangent meets AB\overline{AB} produced at D.D. Then BD\overline{BD} equals:

较小圆的直径

the diameter of the smaller circle

较小圆的半径

the radius of the smaller circle

较大圆的半径

the radius of the larger circle

CB3\overline{CB}\sqrt3

两圆半径之差

the difference of the two radii

答案:B
难度评级:1700
小提示:

DD 是两圆的外位似中心

The point DD is the external center of similitude of the two circles

大提示:

CB=u\overline{CB}=u,并按 3:13:1 比较 DD 到两圆心的距离

Let CB=u\overline{CB}=u and compare the distances from DD to the two centers in the ratio 3:13:1

解答:

CB=u\overline{CB}=u,则 AC=3u\overline{AC}=3u,且 AB=4u\overline{AB}=4u。从 AA 起量,两圆心的位置分别为 3u2\frac{3u}{2}7u2\frac{7u}{2},两半径之比为 3:13:1。若 AD=zAD=z,公切线使 DD 成为两圆的外位似中心,所以 z32uz72u=3 \frac{z-\frac32u}{z-\frac72u}=3\text{。}因此 z=9u2z=\frac{9u}{2},且 BD=z4u=u2 BD=z-4u=\frac u2\text{,}这正是较小圆的半径。

因此,正确答案是 B

Let CB=u,\overline{CB}=u, so AC=3u\overline{AC}=3u and AB=4u.\overline{AB}=4u. Measured from A,A, the circle centers are at 3u2\frac{3u}{2} and 7u2,\frac{7u}{2}, and their radii are in the ratio 3:1.3:1. If AD=z,AD=z, the common external tangent makes DD the external center of similitude, so z32uz72u=3. \frac{z-\frac32u}{z-\frac72u}=3. Hence z=9u2,z=\frac{9u}{2}, and BD=z4u=u2, BD=z-4u=\frac u2, which is the radius of the smaller circle.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

27.

一个正圆锥的底面圆与一个给定球的半径相同。圆锥体积是球体积的一半。圆锥的高与底面半径之比为:

A right circular cone has for its base a circle having the same radius as a given sphere. The volume of the cone is one-half that of the sphere. The ratio of the altitude of the cone to the radius of its base is:

11\dfrac11

12\dfrac12

23\dfrac23

21\dfrac21

54\sqrt{\dfrac54}

答案:D
知识点:圆锥体积
难度评级:1280
小提示:

使用公共半径 rr 写出两个体积

Write both volumes using their common radius rr

大提示:

13πr2h\frac13\pi r^2h 等于 43πr3\frac43\pi r^3 的一半

Set 13πr2h\frac13\pi r^2h equal to half of 43πr3\frac43\pi r^3

解答:

体积条件为 13πr2h=12(43πr3) \frac13\pi r^2h=\frac12\left(\frac43\pi r^3\right)\text{。}约去公因式可得 h=2rh=2r,所以所求比为 2:12:1

因此,正确答案是 D

The volume condition is 13πr2h=12(43πr3). \frac13\pi r^2h=\frac12\left(\frac43\pi r^3\right). Cancelling the common factors gives h=2r,h=2r, so the requested ratio is 2:1.2:1.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

28.

mn=43\dfrac mn=\dfrac43rt=914\dfrac rt=\dfrac9{14},则 3mrnt4nt7mr\dfrac{3mr-nt}{4nt-7mr} 的值为:

If mn=43\dfrac mn=\dfrac43 and rt=914,\dfrac rt=\dfrac9{14}, the value of 3mrnt4nt7mr\dfrac{3mr-nt}{4nt-7mr} is:

512-5\dfrac12

1114-\dfrac{11}{14}

114-1\dfrac14

1114\dfrac{11}{14}

23-\dfrac23

答案:B
难度评级:1590
小提示:

由已知比值可得 mr:nt=(mn)(rt)mr:nt=(\frac{m}{n})(\frac{r}{t})

The given ratios imply mr:nt=(mn)(rt)mr:nt=(\frac{m}{n})(\frac{r}{t})

大提示:

写成 mr=6kmr=6knt=7knt=7k

Write mr=6kmr=6k and nt=7knt=7k

解答:

将两个已知比值相乘, mrnt=43914=67 \frac{mr}{nt}=\frac43\cdot\frac9{14}=\frac67\text{。}mr=6kmr=6knt=7knt=7k。则 3mrnt4nt7mr=18k7k28k42k=1114 \begin{aligned} \frac{3mr-nt}{4nt-7mr} &=\frac{18k-7k}{28k-42k}\\ &=-\frac{11}{14} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Multiplying the two given ratios, mrnt=43914=67. \frac{mr}{nt}=\frac43\cdot\frac9{14}=\frac67. Put mr=6kmr=6k and nt=7k.nt=7k. Then 3mrnt4nt7mr=18k7k28k42k=1114. \begin{aligned} \frac{3mr-nt}{4nt-7mr} &=\frac{18k-7k}{28k-42k}\\ &=-\frac{11}{14}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

29.

若一个直角三角形的两条直角边之比为 1:21:2,则从直角顶点向斜边作垂线后,斜边上对应两段之比为:

If the ratio of the legs of a right triangle is 1:2,1:2, then the ratio of the corresponding segments of the hypotenuse made by a perpendicular upon it from the vertex is:

1:41:4

1:21:\sqrt2

1:21:2

1:51:\sqrt5

1:51:5

答案:A
难度评级:1420
小提示:

斜边上的两段分别是两条直角边在斜边上的投影

The two hypotenuse segments are the projections of the legs

大提示:

由相似关系,它们的比等于对应直角边平方之比

By similarity, their ratio is the ratio of the squares of the corresponding legs

解答:

若两条直角边长为 aabb,则它们在斜边上的投影长为 a2c\frac{a^2}{c}b2c\frac{b^2}{c}。因此两段之比为 a2:b2a^2:b^2。当 a:b=1:2a:b=1:2 时,该比为 1:41:4

因此,正确答案是 A

If the legs have lengths aa and b,b, their projections on the hypotenuse have lengths a2c\frac{a^2}{c} and b2c.\frac{b^2}{c}. Their ratio is therefore a2:b2.a^2:b^2. With a:b=1:2,a:b=1:2, this is 1:4.1:4.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

30.

AABB 合作可在 22 天内完成一项工作;BBCC 合作需四天;AACC 合作需 2252\dfrac25 天。AA 单独完成这项工作所需的天数为:

AA and BB together can do a job in 22 days; BB and CC can do it in four days; and AA and CC in 2252\dfrac25 days. The number of days required for AA to do the job alone is:

11

33

66

1212

2.82.8

答案:B
知识点:速率方程组
难度评级:1740
小提示:

a,b,ca,b,c 为三人各自每天完成的工作比例

Let a,b,ca,b,c be the fractions of the job completed per day

大提示:

a+b=12a+b=\frac{1}{2}a+c=512a+c=\frac{5}{12} 相加,再减去 b+c=14b+c=\frac{1}{4}

Add a+b=12a+b=\frac{1}{2} and a+c=512a+c=\frac{5}{12}, then subtract b+c=14b+c=\frac{1}{4}

解答:

a,b,ca,b,c 为三人各自每天的工作效率。则 a+b=12,b+c=14,a+c=512 \begin{aligned} a+b&=\frac12,\\ b+c&=\frac14,\\ a+c&=\frac5{12} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 2a=(a+b)+(a+c)(b+c)=12+51214=23 \begin{aligned} 2a&=(a+b)+(a+c)\\ &\quad{}-(b+c)\\ &=\frac12+\frac5{12}-\frac14\\ &=\frac23 \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 a=13a=\frac{1}{3}。因此 AA 需要 33 天。

因此,正确答案是 B

Let a,b,ca,b,c be the individual daily rates. Then a+b=12,b+c=14,a+c=512. \begin{aligned} a+b&=\frac12,\\ b+c&=\frac14,\\ a+c&=\frac5{12}. \end{aligned} Thus 2a=(a+b)+(a+c)(b+c)=12+51214=23, \begin{aligned} 2a&=(a+b)+(a+c)\\ &\quad{}-(b+c)\\ &=\frac12+\frac5{12}-\frac14\\ &=\frac23, \end{aligned} so a=13.a=\frac{1}{3}. Therefore AA needs 33 days.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

31.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,AB=AC\overline{AB}=\overline{AC},且 A=40\angle A=40^\circ。点 OO 位于三角形内部,并满足 OBCOCA\angle OBC\cong\angle OCA。角 BOCBOC 的度数为:

In triangle ABC,ABC, AB=AC,\overline{AB}=\overline{AC}, A=40.\angle A=40^\circ. Point OO is within the triangle with OBCOCA.\angle OBC\cong\angle OCA. The number of degrees in angle BOCBOC is:

110110

3535

140140

5555

7070

答案:A
难度评级:1780
小提示:

三角形 ABCABC 的两个底角均为 7070^\circ

The base angles of triangle ABCABC are both 7070^\circ

大提示:

若这两个相等的角为 xx,则角 CC 的另一部分为 70x70^\circ-x

If the equal angles are x,x, then the other part of angle CC is 70x70^\circ-x

解答:

等腰三角形的两个底角为 ABC=BCA=70 \angle ABC=\angle BCA=70^\circ\text{。}OBC=OCA=x\angle OBC=\angle OCA=x。则 OCB=70x\angle OCB=70^\circ-x。在三角形 BOCBOC 中, BOC=180x(70x)=110 \begin{aligned} \angle BOC &=180^\circ-x\\ &\quad{}-(70^\circ-x)\\ &=110^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The base angles of the isosceles triangle are ABC=BCA=70. \angle ABC=\angle BCA=70^\circ. Put OBC=OCA=x.\angle OBC=\angle OCA=x. Then OCB=70x.\angle OCB=70^\circ-x. In triangle BOC,BOC, BOC=180x(70x)=110. \begin{aligned} \angle BOC &=180^\circ-x\\ &\quad{}-(70^\circ-x)\\ &=110^\circ. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

32.

x4+64x^4+64 的因式为:

The factors of x4+64x^4+64 are:

(x2+8)2(x^2+8)^2

(x2+8)(x28)(x^2+8)(x^2-8)

(x2+2x+4)(x28x+16)(x^2+2x+4)(x^2-8x+16)

(x24x+8)(x24x8)(x^2-4x+8)(x^2-4x-8)

(x24x+8)(x2+4x+8)(x^2-4x+8)(x^2+4x+8)

答案:E
难度评级:1420
小提示:

同时加上再减去 16x216x^2,构造平方差

Add and subtract 16x216x^2 to form a difference of squares

大提示:

写成 x4+64=(x2+8)2(4x)2x^4+64=(x^2+8)^2-(4x)^2

Write x4+64=(x2+8)2(4x)2x^4+64=(x^2+8)^2-(4x)^2

解答:

利用平方差公式, x4+64=(x2+8)216x2=(x24x+8)(x2+4x+8) \begin{aligned} x^4+64 &=(x^2+8)^2-16x^2\\ &=(x^2-4x+8)\\ &\quad{}\cdot(x^2+4x+8) \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

Using a difference of squares, x4+64=(x2+8)216x2=(x24x+8)(x2+4x+8). \begin{aligned} x^4+64 &=(x^2+8)^2-16x^2\\ &=(x^2-4x+8)\\ &\quad{}\cdot(x^2+4x+8). \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

33.

一家银行对一笔 $120\$120 的贷款收取 $6\$6 费用。借款人实际收到 $114\$114,并分 1212 个月、每月偿还 $10\$10。利率约为:

A bank charges $6\$6 for a loan of $120.\$120. The borrower receives $114\$114 and repays the loan in 1212 installments of $10\$10 a month. The interest rate is approximately:

5%5\%

6%6\%

7%7\%

9%9\%

15%15\%

答案:D
难度评级:1630
小提示:

$6\$6 的费用是按每月减少 $10\$10 的未偿余额收取的利息

The $6\$6 charge is interest on a balance that decreases by $10\$10 each month

大提示:

$120\$120$10\$10 的平均数近似未偿本金的平均值

Approximate the average outstanding principal by the average of $120\$120 and $10\$10

解答:

未偿余额从 $120\$120$10\$10,每次等额减少 $10\$10,所以平均未偿余额约为 120+102=65 \frac{120+10}{2}=65\text{。}因此年费用率约为 665100%9.2% \frac6{65}\cdot100\%\approx9.2\%\text{。}最接近的选项是 9%9\%

因此,正确答案是 D

The balance decreases in equal $10\$10 steps from $120\$120 to $10,\$10, so its average outstanding value is approximately 120+102=65. \frac{120+10}{2}=65. The annual charge is therefore about 665100%9.2%. \frac6{65}\cdot100\%\approx9.2\%. The nearest choice is 9%.9\%.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

34.

分数 13\dfrac13

The fraction 13:\dfrac13:

等于 0.333333330.33333333

equals 0.333333330.33333333

0.333333330.3333333313108\dfrac1{3\cdot10^8}

is less than 0.333333330.33333333 by 13108\dfrac1{3\cdot10^8}

0.333333330.3333333313109\dfrac1{3\cdot10^9}

is less than 0.333333330.33333333 by 13109\dfrac1{3\cdot10^9}

0.333333330.3333333313108\dfrac1{3\cdot10^8}

is greater than 0.333333330.33333333 by 13108\dfrac1{3\cdot10^8}

0.333333330.3333333313109\dfrac1{3\cdot10^9}

is greater than 0.333333330.33333333 by 13109\dfrac1{3\cdot10^9}

答案:D
知识点:小数分数位值
难度评级:1630
小提示:

0.333333330.33333333 写成 33333333108\frac{33333333}{10^8}

Write 0.333333330.33333333 as 33333333108\frac{33333333}{10^8}

大提示:

使用分母 31083\cdot10^8,从 13\frac{1}{3} 中减去这个有限小数

Subtract this terminating decimal from 13\frac{1}{3} using the denominator 31083\cdot10^8

解答:

准确地说, 1333333333108=1083(33333333)3108=13108 \begin{gathered} \frac13-\frac{33333333}{10^8}\\ =\frac{10^8-3(33333333)} {3\cdot10^8}\\ =\frac1{3\cdot10^8} \end{gathered}\text{。}因此 13\frac{1}{3} 恰好多出上述数值。

因此,正确答案是 D

Exactly, 1333333333108=1083(33333333)3108=13108. \begin{gathered} \frac13-\frac{33333333}{10^8}\\ =\frac{10^8-3(33333333)} {3\cdot10^8}\\ =\frac1{3\cdot10^8}. \end{gathered} Thus 13\frac{1}{3} is greater by the stated amount.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

35.

在图示直角三角形中,距离 BM\overline{BM}MA\overline{MA} 之和等于距离 BC\overline{BC}CA\overline{CA} 之和。若 MB=x\overline{MB}=xCB=h\overline{CB}=hCA=d\overline{CA}=d,则 xx 等于:

In the right triangle shown the sum of the distances BM\overline{BM} and MA\overline{MA} is equal to the sum of the distances BC\overline{BC} and CA.\overline{CA}. If MB=x,\overline{MB}=x, CB=h,\overline{CB}=h, and CA=d,\overline{CA}=d, then xx equals:

hd2h+d\dfrac{hd}{2h+d}

dhd-h

12d\dfrac12d

h+d2dh+d-\sqrt{2d}

h2+d2h\sqrt{h^2+d^2}-h

答案:A
难度评级:1740
小提示:

使用勾股定理,用 d,h,xd,h,x 表示 MA\overline{MA}

Use the Pythagorean theorem to express MA\overline{MA} in terms of d,h,xd,h,x

大提示:

x+d2+(h+x)2=h+dx+\sqrt{d^2+(h+x)^2}=h+d 出发,将根式单独放在一边并平方

From x+d2+(h+x)2=h+d,x+\sqrt{d^2+(h+x)^2}=h+d, isolate the radical and square

解答:

由题设条件和勾股定理可得 x+d2+(h+x)2=h+d x+\sqrt{d^2+(h+x)^2}=h+d\text{。}将根式单独放在一边并平方后, d2+(h+x)2=(h+dx)2 d^2+(h+x)^2=(h+d-x)^2\text{。}消去相同项,得到 4hx+2dx=2hd 4hx+2dx=2hd\text{,}所以 x=hd2h+dx=\frac{hd}{2h+d}

因此,正确答案是 A

The condition and the Pythagorean theorem give x+d2+(h+x)2=h+d. x+\sqrt{d^2+(h+x)^2}=h+d. After isolating the radical and squaring, d2+(h+x)2=(h+dx)2. d^2+(h+x)^2=(h+d-x)^2. Cancelling common terms leaves 4hx+2dx=2hd, 4hx+2dx=2hd, so x=hd2h+d.x=\frac{hd}{2h+d}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

36.

一艘船在静水中的速度为 1515 英里每小时。在水流速度为 55 英里每小时的河流中,它顺流航行一段距离后原路返回。往返平均速度与静水速度之比为:

A boat has a speed of 1515 mph in still water. In a stream that has a current of 55 mph it travels a certain distance downstream and returns. The ratio of the average speed for the round trip to the speed in still water is:

54\dfrac54

11\dfrac11

89\dfrac89

78\dfrac78

98\dfrac98

答案:C
难度评级:1580
小提示:

顺流和逆流速度分别为 2020 英里每小时和 1010 英里每小时

The downstream and upstream speeds are 2020 mph and 1010 mph

大提示:

往返距离相等,用总路程的两倍除以 d20+d10\frac{d}{20}+\frac{d}{10}

For equal distances, divide twice the distance by d20+d10\frac{d}{20}+\frac{d}{10}

解答:

若单程距离为 dd,则总时间为 d20+d10=3d20 \frac d{20}+\frac d{10}=\frac{3d}{20}\text{。}因此往返平均速度为 2d3d20=403 \frac{2d}{\frac{3d}{20}}=\frac{40}{3}\text{。}它与 1515 之比为 40315=89 \frac{\frac{40}{3}}{15}=\frac89\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

For a one-way distance d,d, the total time is d20+d10=3d20. \frac d{20}+\frac d{10}=\frac{3d}{20}. Thus the round-trip average speed is 2d3d20=403. \frac{2d}{\frac{3d}{20}}=\frac{40}{3}. Its ratio to 1515 is 40315=89. \frac{\frac{40}{3}}{15}=\frac89.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

37.

在三角形 PQRPQR 中,RS\overline{RS} 平分 R\angle RPQ\overline{PQ} 延长至 DD,且 n\angle n 为直角。则:

Given triangle PQRPQR with RS\overline{RS} bisecting R,\angle R, PQ\overline{PQ} extended to D,D, and n\angle n a right angle, then:

m=12(pq)\angle m=\dfrac12(\angle p-\angle q)

m=12(p+q)\angle m=\dfrac12(\angle p+\angle q)

d=12(q+p)\angle d=\dfrac12(\angle q+\angle p)

d=12m\angle d=\dfrac12\angle m

以上答案均不正确

none of these is correct

答案:B
难度评级:1780
小提示:

RR 处的角在平分前为 180pq180^\circ-\angle p-\angle q

The bisected angle at RR measures 180pq180^\circ-\angle p-\angle q before it is halved

大提示:

因为横截线垂直于角平分线,m\angle mR\angle R 的一半互余

Since the transversal is perpendicular to the angle bisector, m\angle m complements half of R\angle R

解答:

RR 处的角为 180pq 180^\circ-\angle p-\angle q\text{。}因为 RS\overline{RS} 平分这个角,所以 PR\overline{PR}RS\overline{RS} 的夹角为 9012(p+q) 90^\circ-\frac12(\angle p+\angle q)\text{。}构成 m\angle m 的直线垂直于 RS\overline{RS},所以 m=12(p+q) \angle m=\frac12(\angle p+\angle q)\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The angle at RR is 180pq. 180^\circ-\angle p-\angle q. Because RS\overline{RS} bisects this angle, the angle between PR\overline{PR} and RS\overline{RS} is 9012(p+q). 90^\circ-\frac12(\angle p+\angle q). The line forming m\angle m is perpendicular to RS,\overline{RS}, so m=12(p+q). \angle m=\frac12(\angle p+\angle q).

Thus, the correct answer is B.

38.

log2=0.3010\log 2=0.3010log3=0.4771\log 3=0.4771,则当 3x+3=1353^{x+3}=135 时,xx 的近似值为:

If log2=0.3010\log 2=0.3010 and log3=0.4771,\log 3=0.4771, the value of xx when 3x+3=1353^{x+3}=135 is approximately:

55

1.471.47

1.671.67

1.781.78

1.631.63

答案:B
知识点:对数指数估算
难度评级:1340
小提示:

除以 333^3,得到 3x=53^x=5

Divide by 333^3 to obtain 3x=53^x=5

大提示:

使用 log5=1log2\log5=1-\log2,再除以 log3\log3

Use log5=1log2\log5=1-\log2 and divide by log3\log3

解答:

方程化为 3x=53^x=5,所以 x=log5log3=1log2log3=0.69900.47711.47 \begin{aligned} x&=\frac{\log5}{\log3}\\ &=\frac{1-\log2}{\log3}\\ &=\frac{0.6990}{0.4771}\\ &\approx1.47 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The equation reduces to 3x=5,3^x=5, so x=log5log3=1log2log3=0.69900.47711.47. \begin{aligned} x&=\frac{\log5}{\log3}\\ &=\frac{1-\log2}{\log3}\\ &=\frac{0.6990}{0.4771}\\ &\approx1.47. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

39.

从给定圆外一点 PP 向圆上任意一点作线段。若该圆的圆心为 OO,半径为 rr,则这些线段中点的轨迹为:

The locus of the midpoint of a line segment that is drawn from a given external point PP to a given circle with center OO and radius r,r, is:

垂直于 PO\overline{PO} 的直线

a straight line perpendicular to PO\overline{PO}

平行于 PO\overline{PO} 的直线

a straight line parallel to PO\overline{PO}

PP 为圆心、rr 为半径的圆

a circle with center PP and radius rr

PO\overline{PO} 的中点为圆心、2r2r 为半径的圆

a circle with center at the midpoint of PO\overline{PO} and radius 2r2r

PO\overline{PO} 的中点为圆心、12r\dfrac12r 为半径的圆

a circle with center at the midpoint of PO\overline{PO} and radius 12r\dfrac12r

答案:E
知识点:变换中点
难度评级:1630
小提示:

设圆上的动点为 XX,它与 PP 所成线段的中点为 MM

Let the variable endpoint on the given circle be XX and its midpoint with PP be MM

大提示:

映射 XMX\mapsto M 是以 PP 为中心、比例因子为 12\frac{1}{2} 的位似

The map XMX\mapsto M is a dilation centered at PP with scale factor 12\frac{1}{2}

解答:

当端点 XX 在以 OO 为圆心的圆上移动时,它与定点 PP 所成线段的中点 MMXX 在以 PP 为中心、比例因子为 12\frac{1}{2} 的位似下的像。因此该轨迹是一个圆,其圆心为 PO\overline{PO} 的中点,半径为 r2\frac{r}{2}

因此,正确答案是 E

As the endpoint XX moves on the circle centered at O,O, its midpoint MM with the fixed point PP is the image of XX under a dilation of scale 12\frac{1}{2} centered at P.P. Therefore the locus is a circle whose center is the midpoint of PO\overline{PO} and whose radius is r2.\frac{r}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

40.

(a+1a)2=3\left(a+\dfrac1a\right)^2=3,则 a3+1a3a^3+\dfrac1{a^3} 等于:

If (a+1a)2=3,\left(a+\dfrac1a\right)^2=3, then a3+1a3a^3+\dfrac1{a^3} equals:

1033\dfrac{10\sqrt3}{3}

333\sqrt3

00

777\sqrt7

636\sqrt3

答案:C
难度评级:1670
小提示:

t=a+1at=a+\frac{1}{a},则已知条件为 t2=3t^2=3

Set t=a+1at=a+\frac{1}{a}, so the given condition is t2=3t^2=3

大提示:

使用 a3+a3=t33ta^3+a^{-3}=t^3-3t

Use a3+a3=t33ta^3+a^{-3}=t^3-3t

解答:

t=a+1at=a+\frac{1}{a}。由标准立方恒等式可得 a3+1a3=t33t=t(t23) a^3+\frac1{a^3}=t^3-3t=t(t^2-3)\text{。}因为 t2=3t^2=3,所以该表达式等于 00

因此,正确答案是 C

Let t=a+1a.t=a+\frac{1}{a}. The standard cubic identity gives a3+1a3=t33t=t(t23). a^3+\frac1{a^3}=t^3-3t=t(t^2-3). Since t2=3,t^2=3, this expression is 0.0.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

41.

方程 4x38x263x9=04x^3-8x^2-63x-9=0 的所有根之和为:

The sum of all the roots of 4x38x263x9=04x^3-8x^2-63x-9=0 is:

88

22

8-8

2-2

00

答案:B
难度评级:1260
小提示:

使用三次方程根之和的韦达公式

Use Vieta’s formula for the sum of the roots of a cubic

大提示:

x2x^2 的系数取相反数,再除以 x3x^3 的系数

Negate the coefficient of x2x^2 and divide by the coefficient of x3x^3

解答:

对于 ax3+bx2+=0ax^3+bx^2+\cdots=0,根之和为 ba-\frac{b}{a}。本题中为 84=2 -\frac{-8}{4}=2\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

For ax3+bx2+=0,ax^3+bx^2+\cdots=0, the sum of the roots is ba.-\frac{b}{a}. Here it is 84=2. -\frac{-8}{4}=2.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

42.

在同一坐标系中考察 (1)(1) y=x212x+2y=x^2-\dfrac12x+2(2)(2) y=x2+12x+2y=x^2+\dfrac12x+2 的图像。这两条抛物线的形状完全相同。则:

Consider the graphs of (1)(1) y=x212x+2y=x^2-\dfrac12x+2 and (2)(2) y=x2+12x+2y=x^2+\dfrac12x+2 on the same set of axes. These parabolas have exactly the same shape. Then:

两图像重合。

the graphs coincide.

(1)(1) 的图像低于 (2)(2) 的图像

the graph of (1)(1) is lower than the graph of (2).(2).

(1)(1) 的图像位于 (2)(2) 的图像左侧

the graph of (1)(1) is to the left of the graph of (2).(2).

(1)(1) 的图像位于 (2)(2) 的图像右侧

the graph of (1)(1) is to the right of the graph of (2).(2).

(1)(1) 的图像高于 (2)(2) 的图像

the graph of (1)(1) is higher than the graph of (2).(2).

答案:D
难度评级:1400
小提示:

使用 b2a-\frac{b}{2a} 求每个顶点的 xx 坐标

Find the xx-coordinate of each vertex using b2a-\frac{b}{2a}

大提示:

图像 (1)(1) 的顶点满足 x=14x=\frac{1}{4},而图像 (2)(2) 的顶点满足 x=14x=-\frac{1}{4}

Graph (1)(1) has vertex x=14x=\frac{1}{4}, whereas graph (2)(2) has vertex x=14x=-\frac{1}{4}

解答:

y=x2+bx+2y=x^2+bx+2 的顶点的 xx 坐标为 b2-\frac{b}{2}。因此图像 (1)(1) 的顶点满足 x=14x=\frac{1}{4},而图像 (2)(2) 的顶点满足 x=14x=-\frac{1}{4}。两个顶点的纵坐标相等,所以图像 (1)(1) 是同一条抛物线向右平移所得。

因此,正确答案是 D

The vertex of y=x2+bx+2y=x^2+bx+2 has xx-coordinate b2.-\frac{b}{2}. Thus graph (1)(1) has its vertex at x=14,x=\frac{1}{4}, while graph (2)(2) has its vertex at x=14.x=-\frac{1}{4}. Their vertex heights are equal, so graph (1)(1) is the same parabola shifted to the right.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

43.

一个直角三角形的斜边长为 1010 英寸,内切圆半径为 11 英寸。该三角形的周长为多少英寸?

The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 1010 inches and the radius of the inscribed circle is 11 inch. The perimeter of the triangle in inches is:

1515

2222

2424

2626

3030

答案:B
难度评级:1590
小提示:

对直角边为 a,ba,b、斜边为 cc 的直角三角形,内切圆半径为 a+bc2\frac{a+b-c}{2}

For a right triangle with legs a,ba,b and hypotenuse c,c, the inradius is a+bc2\frac{a+b-c}{2}

大提示:

代入 r=1r=1c=10c=10,求 a+ba+b

Substitute r=1r=1 and c=10c=10 to find a+ba+b

解答:

对于直角三角形, r=a+bc2 r=\frac{a+b-c}{2}\text{。}代入 r=1r=1c=10c=10,得到 a+b=12a+b=12。因此周长为 a+b+c=12+10=22 a+b+c=12+10=22\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

For a right triangle, r=a+bc2. r=\frac{a+b-c}{2}. With r=1r=1 and c=10,c=10, this gives a+b=12.a+b=12. Hence the perimeter is a+b+c=12+10=22. a+b+c=12+10=22.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

44.

一名男子出生于十九世纪上半叶。在 x2x^2 年,他的年龄为 xx 岁。他出生于:

A man born in the first half of the nineteenth century was xx years old in the year x2.x^2. He was born in:

18491849

18251825

18121812

18361836

18061806

答案:E
难度评级:1670
小提示:

他的出生年份为 x2xx^2-x

His birth year is x2xx^2-x

大提示:

利用 x2x^2 是十九世纪年份这一条件,试验附近的整数 xx

Use the requirement that x2x^2 is a nineteenth-century year and test the nearby integer xx

解答:

年份 x2x^2 必须位于十九世纪,因此 x=43x=43,因为 432=184943^2=1849,而相邻整数的平方不在相关范围内。所以他的出生年份为 x2x=184943=1806 x^2-x=1849-43=1806\text{,}确实位于该世纪上半叶。

因此,正确答案是 E

The year x2x^2 must lie in the nineteenth century, so x=43x=43 because 432=184943^2=1849 while the neighboring squares fall outside the relevant range. His birth year is therefore x2x=184943=1806, x^2-x=1849-43=1806, which is in the first half of the century.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

45.

在菱形 ABCDABCD 内作若干平行于对角线 BD\overline{BD} 的线段,线段端点位于菱形的边上。以线段到顶点 AA 的距离为自变量、线段长度为函数值作图。该图像为:

In a rhombus ABCD,ABCD, line segments are drawn within the rhombus, parallel to diagonal BD,\overline{BD}, and terminated in the sides of the rhombus. A graph is drawn showing the length of a segment as a function of its distance from vertex A.A. The graph is:

一条经过原点的直线。

a straight line passing through the origin.

一条穿过第一象限的直线。

a straight line cutting across the upper right quadrant.

两条组成正立 VV 形的线段

two line segments forming an upright V.V.

两条组成倒置 VV 形的线段

two line segments forming an inverted V.V.

以上答案均不正确。

none of these.

答案:D
难度评级:1630
小提示:

想象把一条平行于 BD\overline{BD} 的线段从 AA 向对面顶点移动

Imagine moving a segment parallel to BD\overline{BD} from AA toward the opposite vertex

大提示:

线段长度先线性增加到整条对角线的长度,再线性减小到零

Its length grows linearly to the full diagonal and then decreases linearly to zero

解答:

AA 出发时,平行截线的长度为 00,然后线性增加,直至达到对角线 BD\overline{BD} 的长度。继续向对面顶点移动时,线段长度线性减小回 00。因此图像由两条组成倒 VV 形的线段构成。

因此,正确答案是 D

Starting at A,A, the parallel cross section has length 00 and grows linearly until it reaches the diagonal BD.\overline{BD}. Continuing toward the opposite vertex, its length decreases linearly back to 0.0. The graph is therefore made of two line segments forming an inverted V.V.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

46.

在图中,若点 AABBCC 都是切点,则 xx 等于:

In the diagram, if points A,A, B,B, and CC are points of tangency, then xx equals:

316 英寸\dfrac3{16}\text{ 英寸}

316 in.\dfrac3{16}\text{ in.}

18 英寸\dfrac18\text{ 英寸}

18 in.\dfrac18\text{ in.}

132 英寸\dfrac1{32}\text{ 英寸}

132 in.\dfrac1{32}\text{ in.}

332 英寸\dfrac3{32}\text{ 英寸}

332 in.\dfrac3{32}\text{ in.}

116 英寸\dfrac1{16}\text{ 英寸}

116 in.\dfrac1{16}\text{ in.}

答案:E
难度评级:1630
小提示:

图中标出的 38\frac{3}{8} 英寸是圆的直径

The marked 38\frac{3}{8}-inch measure is the circle’s diameter

大提示:

半径为 316\frac{3}{16} 时,由于 sin30=12\sin30^\circ=\frac{1}{2},圆心位于 6060^\circ 顶点上方 38\frac{3}{8} 英寸处

With radius 316,\frac{3}{16}, the center is 38\frac{3}{8} inch above the 6060^\circ vertex because sin30=12\sin30^\circ=\frac{1}{2}

解答:

半径为 316\frac{3}{16} 英寸。圆心位于角平分线上。到任一斜边的垂直半径与从顶点到圆心的线段构成一个含 3030^\circ 角的直角三角形,所以圆心位于顶点上方 316sin30=38 \frac{\frac{3}{16}}{\sin30^\circ}=\frac38 英寸处。因此上方切线位于顶点上方 38+316=916\frac{3}{8}+\frac{3}{16}=\frac{9}{16} 英寸处。由于下方水平线位于顶点上方 12\frac{1}{2} 英寸处, x=91612=116 英寸 x=\frac9{16}-\frac12=\frac1{16}\text{ 英寸}

因此,正确答案是 E

The radius is 316\frac{3}{16} inch. The center lies on the angle bisector. The perpendicular radius to either sloping side and the segment from the vertex to the center form a right triangle with a 3030^\circ angle, so the center is 316sin30=38 \frac{\frac{3}{16}}{\sin30^\circ}=\frac38 inch above the vertex. Hence the top tangent is 38+316=916\frac{3}{8}+\frac{3}{16}=\frac{9}{16} inch above the vertex. Since the ledge is 12\frac{1}{2} inch above the vertex, x=91612=116 in. x=\frac9{16}-\frac12=\frac1{16}\text{ in.}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

47.

线段 AB\overline{AB}pp 个单位。在其中点作长度为 qq 个单位的垂线段 MR\overline{MR}。以 RR 为圆心、12AB\dfrac12\overline{AB} 为半径作弧,与 AB\overline{AB} 交于 TT。则 AT\overline{AT}TB\overline{TB} 是下列哪个方程的根?

At the midpoint of line segment AB\overline{AB} which is pp units long, a perpendicular MR\overline{MR} is erected with length qq units. An arc is described from RR with a radius equal to 12AB,\dfrac12\overline{AB}, meeting AB\overline{AB} at T.T. Then AT\overline{AT} and TB\overline{TB} are the roots of:

x2+px+q2=0x^2+px+q^2=0

x2px+q2=0x^2-px+q^2=0

x2+pxq2=0x^2+px-q^2=0

x2pxq2=0x^2-px-q^2=0

x2px+q=0x^2-px+q=0

答案:B
难度评级:1740
小提示:

线段长度之和 AT+TB\overline{AT}+\overline{TB} 等于 pp

The sum AT+TB\overline{AT}+\overline{TB} is pp

大提示:

在直角三角形 RMTRMT 中使用 RT=p2=AMRT=\frac{p}{2}=AM,证明 ATTB=q2\overline{AT}\cdot\overline{TB}=q^2

Use RT=p2=AMRT=\frac{p}{2}=AM in right triangle RMTRMT to show ATTB=q2\overline{AT}\cdot\overline{TB}=q^2

解答:

MT=tMT=t。因为 AM=BM=RT=p2AM=BM=RT=\frac{p}{2},由勾股定理可得 t2+q2=p24 t^2+q^2=\frac{p^2}{4}\text{。}此外, AT=p2+t,TB=p2t AT=\frac p2+t,\qquad TB=\frac p2-t\text{。}两者之和为 pp,乘积为 p24t2=q2 \frac{p^2}{4}-t^2=q^2\text{。}因此它们是 x2px+q2=0x^2-px+q^2=0 的两个根。

因此,正确答案是 B

Let MT=t.MT=t. Since AM=BM=RT=p2,AM=BM=RT=\frac{p}{2}, the Pythagorean theorem gives t2+q2=p24. t^2+q^2=\frac{p^2}{4}. Also, AT=p2+t,TB=p2t. AT=\frac p2+t,\qquad TB=\frac p2-t. Their sum is p,p, and their product is p24t2=q2. \frac{p^2}{4}-t^2=q^2. Therefore they are the roots of x2px+q2=0.x^2-px+q^2=0.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

48.

一列火车出发一小时后发生事故,耽误了半小时;之后以原速度的 34\dfrac34 继续行驶,最终晚点 3123\dfrac12 小时。若事故发生在前方 9090 英里处,火车将只晚点 33 小时。全程长度为多少英里?

A train, an hour after starting, meets with an accident which detains it a half hour, after which it proceeds at 34\dfrac34 of its former rate and arrives 3123\dfrac12 hours late. Had the accident happened 9090 miles farther along the line, it would have arrived only 33 hours late. The length of the trip in miles was:

400400

465465

600600

640640

550550

答案:C
难度评级:2310
小提示:

设正常速度为 vv,全程长度为 LL;在受影响的路段把速度降为 3v4\frac{3v}{4},会增加该路段正常行驶时间的三分之一

Let the normal speed be vv and the trip length be LL; slowing to 3v4\frac{3v}{4} adds one-third of the normal time on the affected distance

大提示:

使用两个晚点方程,先求 Lv\frac{L}{v},再求 90v\frac{90}{v}

Use the two late-arrival equations to find first Lv\frac{L}{v}, then 90v\frac{90}{v}

解答:

设正常速度为 vv,全程长度为 LL。一段路程以 3v4\frac{3v}{4} 而非 vv 的速度行驶,会增加该路段正常行驶时间的三分之一。第一种情况下, 12+13(Lv1)=72 \frac12+\frac13\left(\frac Lv-1\right)=\frac72\text{,}所以 Lv=10\frac{L}{v}=10。若事故在前方 9090 英里处发生,则 12+13(Lv190v)=3 \frac12+\frac13\left(\frac Lv-1-\frac{90}{v}\right)=3\text{。}代入 Lv=10\frac{L}{v}=10,得到 90v=32\frac{90}{v}=\frac{3}{2},因此 v=60v=60,且 L=10v=600 L=10v=600\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the normal speed be vv and the trip length be L.L. Traveling a distance at 3v4\frac{3v}{4} rather than vv adds one-third of its normal travel time. In the first case, 12+13(Lv1)=72, \frac12+\frac13\left(\frac Lv-1\right)=\frac72, so Lv=10.\frac{L}{v}=10. If the accident happens 9090 miles farther along, 12+13(Lv190v)=3. \frac12+\frac13\left(\frac Lv-1-\frac{90}{v}\right)=3. Substituting Lv=10\frac{L}{v}=10 gives 90v=32,\frac{90}{v}=\frac{3}{2}, hence v=60v=60 and L=10v=600. L=10v=600.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

49.

两个奇数的平方差总能被 88 整除。若 a>ba>b,且 2a+12a+12b+12b+1 是这两个奇数,为证明这一命题,应将平方差写成:

The difference of the squares of two odd numbers is always divisible by 8.8. If a>b,a>b, and 2a+12a+1 and 2b+12b+1 are the odd numbers, to prove the given statement we put the difference of the squares in the form:

(2a+1)2(2b+1)2(2a+1)^2-(2b+1)^2

4a24b2+4a4b4a^2-4b^2+4a-4b

4[a(a+1)b(b+1)]4[a(a+1)-b(b+1)]

4(ab)(a+b+1)4(a-b)(a+b+1)

4(a2+ab2b)4(a^2+a-b^2-b)

答案:C
难度评级:1590
小提示:

展开两个平方,并将每个变量与它的后继整数配成一组

Expand the two squares and group each variable with its successor

大提示:

乘积 a(a+1)a(a+1)b(b+1)b(b+1) 都是偶数

Each product a(a+1)a(a+1) and b(b+1)b(b+1) is even

解答:

展开并重新分组, (2a+1)2(2b+1)2=4[a(a+1)b(b+1)] \begin{aligned} &(2a+1)^2-(2b+1)^2\\ &\qquad=4[a(a+1)-b(b+1)] \end{aligned}\text{。}a(a+1)a(a+1)b(b+1)b(b+1) 都是偶数,所以两者之差也是偶数。因此所示表达式能被 42=84\cdot2=8 整除。

因此,正确答案是 C

Expanding and regrouping, (2a+1)2(2b+1)2=4[a(a+1)b(b+1)]. \begin{aligned} &(2a+1)^2-(2b+1)^2\\ &\qquad=4[a(a+1)-b(b+1)]. \end{aligned} Each of a(a+1)a(a+1) and b(b+1)b(b+1) is even, so their difference is even. The displayed expression is consequently divisible by 42=8.4\cdot2=8.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

50.

77 点与 88 点之间,时针与分针夹角为 8484 度的时刻,精确到最近一分钟,分别为:

The times between 77 and 88 o’clock, correct to the nearest minute, when the hands of a clock will form an angle of 8484 degrees are:

7:237{:}237:537{:}53

7:237{:}23 and 7:537{:}53

7:207{:}207:507{:}50

7:207{:}20 and 7:507{:}50

7:227{:}227:537{:}53

7:227{:}22 and 7:537{:}53

7:237{:}237:527{:}52

7:237{:}23 and 7:527{:}52

7:217{:}217:497{:}49

7:217{:}21 and 7:497{:}49

答案:A
难度评级:1870
小提示:

7:007{:}00tt 分钟后,两针的有向夹角为 2105.5t210^\circ-5.5t^\circ

At tt minutes after 7:00,7{:}00, the signed separation of the hands is 2105.5t210^\circ-5.5t^\circ

大提示:

2105.5t=84\lvert210-5.5t\rvert=84,求出 tt 的两个值

Solve 2105.5t=84\lvert210-5.5t\rvert=84 for both values of tt

解答:

7:007{:}00tt 分钟后,时针位于 210+0.5t210^\circ+0.5t^\circ,分针位于 6t6t^\circ。因此 2105.5t=84 |210-5.5t|=84\text{。}两个解为 t=1265.522.91,t=2945.553.45 \begin{aligned} t&=\frac{126}{5.5}\approx22.91,\\ t&=\frac{294}{5.5}\approx53.45 \end{aligned}\text{。}精确到最近一分钟,两个时刻为 7:237{:}237:537{:}53

因此,正确答案是 A

At tt minutes after 7:00,7{:}00, the hour hand is at 210+0.5t210^\circ+0.5t^\circ and the minute hand is at 6t.6t^\circ. Thus 2105.5t=84. |210-5.5t|=84. The two solutions are t=1265.522.91,t=2945.553.45. \begin{aligned} t&=\frac{126}{5.5}\approx22.91,\\ t&=\frac{294}{5.5}\approx53.45. \end{aligned} To the nearest minute, the times are 7:237{:}23 and 7:53.7{:}53.

Thus, the correct answer is A.