1953 AMC 12 第 48 题

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48.

若一个等腰梯形的较长底边等于一条对角线,较短底边等于高,则短底与长底之比为:

If the larger base of an isosceles trapezoid equals a diagonal and the smaller base equals the altitude, then the ratio of the smaller base to the larger base is:

12\frac{1}{2}

23\frac{2}{3}

34\frac{3}{4}

35\frac{3}{5}

25\frac{2}{5}

答案:D
知识点:isosceles trapezoidPythagorean theoremratio
难度评级:1740
小提示:

一条对角线的水平投影等于两底边之和的一半

A diagonal’s horizontal projection is half the sum of the two bases

大提示:

将长底缩放为 11,并设短底和高均为 rr

Scale the larger base to 11, and let the smaller base and altitude both be rr

解答:

设长底为 11,短底和高均为 rr。一条对角线的水平投影为 1+r2\frac{1+r}{2},长度为 11。因此 1=r2+(1+r2)2 1=r^2+\left(\frac{1+r}{2}\right)^2\text{。}化简得 5r2+2r3=(5r3)(r+1)=0 \begin{aligned} 5r^2+2r-3&=(5r-3)(r+1)\\ &=0 \end{aligned}\text{。}正的比值为 r=35r=\frac{3}{5}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the larger base be 1,1, and let the smaller base and altitude both be r.r. A diagonal has horizontal projection 1+r2\frac{1+r}{2} and length 1.1. Thus 1=r2+(1+r2)2. 1=r^2+\left(\frac{1+r}{2}\right)^2. This simplifies to 5r2+2r3=(5r3)(r+1)=0. \begin{aligned} 5r^2+2r-3&=(5r-3)(r+1)\\ &=0. \end{aligned} The positive ratio is r=35.r=\frac{3}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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