1953 AMC 12 第 49 题

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49.

AABBCC 的坐标分别为 (5,5)(5,5)(2,1)(2,1)(0,k)(0,k)。使 AC+BC\overline{AC}+\overline{BC} 尽可能小的 kk 值为:

The coordinates of A,A, BB and CC are (5,5),(5,5), (2,1)(2,1) and (0,k)(0,k) respectively. The value of kk that makes AC+BC\overline{AC}+\overline{BC} as small as possible is:

33

4124\dfrac12

3673\dfrac67

4564\dfrac56

2172\dfrac17

答案:E
知识点:reflectionshortest path坐标几何
难度评级:1910
小提示:

BB 关于 yy 轴反射,使 BCBC 等于 CC 到反射点的距离

Reflect BB across the yy-axis so that BCBC becomes the distance from CC to the reflected point

大提示:

AA 到反射点的直线与 yy 轴相交之处,使折线路径最短

The shortest broken path occurs where the straight line from AA to the reflected point meets the yy-axis

解答:

B=(2,1)B=(2,1) 关于 yy 轴反射到 B=(2,1)B'=(-2,1)。对于位于 yy 轴上的 CC,有 BC=BCBC=B'C,所以当 A,C,BA,C,B' 共线时,AC+BCAC+BC 最小。从 A=(5,5)A=(5,5)B=(2,1)B'=(-2,1) 的直线斜率为 47\frac{4}{7}。当 x=0x=0 时,其纵坐标为 547(5)=157=217 5-\frac47(5)=\frac{15}{7}=2\frac17\text{。}因此 k=157k=\frac{15}{7}

因此,正确答案是 E

Reflect B=(2,1)B=(2,1) across the yy-axis to B=(2,1).B'=(-2,1). For CC on the yy-axis, BC=BC,BC=B'C, so AC+BCAC+BC is minimized when A,C,BA,C,B' are collinear. The line from A=(5,5)A=(5,5) to B=(2,1)B'=(-2,1) has slope 47.\frac{4}{7}. At x=0,x=0, its height is 547(5)=157=217. 5-\frac47(5)=\frac{15}{7}=2\frac17. Hence k=157.k=\frac{15}{7}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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