1957 AMC 12 第 49 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

49.

一个梯形的两条平行边长为 3399,两条非平行边长为 4466。一条平行于底边的直线将梯形分成两个周长相等的梯形。每条非平行边被分割的两段之比为:

The parallel sides of a trapezoid are 33 and 9.9. The non-parallel sides are 44 and 6.6. A line parallel to the bases divides the trapezoid into two trapezoids of equal perimeters. The ratio in which each of the non-parallel sides is divided is:

4:34:3

3:23:2

4:14:1

3:13:1

6:16:1

答案:C
知识点:梯形比与比例周长
难度评级:1830
小提示:

平行于底边的线段按相同比例分割两条腰

A segment parallel to the bases divides both legs in the same fraction

大提示:

设两条腰的上段分别为 4t4t6t6t;令两个周长相等时,公共分割线段会相消

Let the upper leg segments be 4t4t and 6t6t; the common dividing segment cancels when the two perimeters are equated

解答:

设长度为 4466 的两条腰的上段分别为 4t4t6t6t。分割线段在两个周长中各出现一次,可以相消。因此,由周长相等可得 3+4t+6t=9+4(1t)+6(1t) \begin{aligned} 3+4t+6t &=9+4(1-t)\\ &\quad+6(1-t) \end{aligned}\text{。}所以 20t=1620t=16,从而 t=45t=\frac{4}{5}。每条腰被分割的两段之比为 t:(1t)=45:15=4:1 t:(1-t)=\frac45:\frac15=4:1\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the upper pieces of the legs of lengths 44 and 66 be 4t4t and 6t,6t, respectively. The dividing segment appears once in each perimeter and cancels. Equal perimeters therefore give 3+4t+6t=9+4(1t)+6(1t). \begin{aligned} 3+4t+6t &=9+4(1-t)\\ &\quad+6(1-t). \end{aligned} Hence 20t=16,20t=16, so t=45.t=\frac{4}{5}. Each leg is divided in the ratio t:(1t)=45:15=4:1. t:(1-t)=\frac45:\frac15=4:1.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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