1959 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

一个立方体的每条棱都增加 50%50\%。其表面积增加的百分数为:

Each edge of a cube is increased by 50%.50\%. The percent of increase of the surface area of the cube is:

5050

125125

150150

300300

750750

知识点:百分数表面积长度、面积与体积的缩放关系
难度评级:890
小提示:

比较新棱长与原棱长

Compare the new edge length with the old edge length

大提示:

表面积按线性缩放倍数的平方变化

Surface area changes by the square of the linear scale factor

解答:

若原棱长为 ss,则新棱长为 1.5s1.5s。因此表面积变为原来的 (1.5)2=2.25 (1.5)^2=2.25 倍。增加量是原表面积的 1.251.25 倍,即 125%125\%

因此,正确答案是 B

If the original edge length is s,s, the new edge length is 1.5s.1.5s. Thus the surface area is multiplied by (1.5)2=2.25. (1.5)^2=2.25. The increase is 1.251.25 times the original area, or 125%.125\%.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

2.

过三角形 ABCABC 内一点 PP 作一条平行于底边 AB\overline{AB} 的直线,将三角形分成面积相等的两部分。若 AB\overline{AB} 边上的高为 11,则点 PPAB\overline{AB} 的距离为:

Through a point PP inside triangle ABCABC a line is drawn parallel to the base AB,\overline{AB}, dividing the triangle into two equal areas. If the altitude to AB\overline{AB} has length 1,1, then the distance from PP to AB\overline{AB} is:

12\dfrac12

14\dfrac14

222-\sqrt2

222\dfrac{2-\sqrt2}{2}

2+28\dfrac{2+\sqrt2}{8}

难度评级:1360
小提示:

PP 到底边的距离为 xx

Let xx be the distance from PP to the base

大提示:

平行线上方小三角形的高为 1x1-x,面积为原三角形的一半

The small triangle above the parallel line has altitude 1x1-x and half the original area

解答:

设所求距离为 xx。平行线上方的三角形与原三角形相似,线性比为 1x1-x。其面积为原三角形的一半,所以 (1x)2=12 (1-x)^2=\frac12\text{。}因为 0<x<10\lt x\lt1,所以 1x=121-x=\frac{1}{\sqrt2},从而 x=112=222 x=1-\frac1{\sqrt2}=\frac{2-\sqrt2}{2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let xx be the requested distance. The triangle above the parallel line is similar to the original triangle, with linear ratio 1x.1-x. Its area is half the original area, so (1x)2=12. (1-x)^2=\frac12. Since 0<x<1,0\lt x\lt1, we have 1x=12,1-x=\frac{1}{\sqrt2}, and therefore x=112=222. x=1-\frac1{\sqrt2}=\frac{2-\sqrt2}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

3.

若一个四边形的两条对角线互相垂直,则该图形一定属于下列哪一大类:

If the diagonals of a quadrilateral are perpendicular to each other, the figure would always be included under the general classification:

菱形

rhombus

矩形

rectangle

正方形

square

等腰梯形

isosceles trapezoid

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:960
小提示:

找一个对角线垂直、但不属于前四种特殊类型的四边形

Look for a quadrilateral with perpendicular diagonals that is not one of the four named special types

大提示:

一般的筝形可作为反例

A general kite supplies a useful counterexample

解答:

筝形的对角线可以互相垂直,但它未必是菱形、矩形、正方形或等腰梯形。因此,仅有对角线垂直这一条件不能保证它属于前四类中的任何一类。

因此,正确答案是 E

A kite can have perpendicular diagonals without being a rhombus, rectangle, square, or isosceles trapezoid. Therefore perpendicular diagonals alone do not force any of the first four classifications.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

4.

7878 分成与 1113\dfrac1316\dfrac16 成比例的三部分,其中间一部分为:

If 7878 is divided into three parts which are proportional to 1,1, 13,\dfrac13, 16,\dfrac16, the middle part is:

9139\dfrac13

1313

171317\dfrac13

181318\dfrac13

2626

知识点:比与比例分数
难度评级:1320
小提示:

将三部分写成 x,x3,x6x,\frac{x}{3},\frac{x}{6}

Write the three parts as x,x3,x6x,\frac{x}{3},\frac{x}{6}

大提示:

它们的和为 7878

Their sum is 7878

解答:

设三部分为 x,x3x,\frac{x}{3}x6\frac{x}{6}。则 x+x3+x6=32x=78 x+\frac x3+\frac x6=\frac32x=78\text{,}所以 x=52x=52。中间一部分为 x3=523=1713 \frac{x}{3}=\frac{52}{3}=17\frac13\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the parts be x,x3,x,\frac{x}{3}, and x6.\frac{x}{6}. Then x+x3+x6=32x=78, x+\frac x3+\frac x6=\frac32x=78, so x=52.x=52. The middle part is x3=523=1713. \frac{x}{3}=\frac{52}{3}=17\frac13.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

5.

(256)0.16(256)0.09(256)^{0.16}\cdot(256)^{0.09} 的值为:

The value of (256)0.16(256)0.09(256)^{0.16}\cdot(256)^{0.09} is:

44

1616

6464

256.25256.25

16-16

知识点:指数根式
难度评级:1110
小提示:

因为底数相同,所以指数相加

Add the exponents because the bases are equal

大提示:

两个小数指数之和为 14\frac{1}{4}

The sum of the decimal exponents is 14\frac{1}{4}

解答:

利用同底数幂的乘法法则,2560.162560.09=2560.25=25614=4 \begin{aligned} 256^{0.16}\cdot256^{0.09} &=256^{0.25}\\ &=256^{\frac{1}{4}}=4 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Using the product rule for powers, 2560.162560.09=2560.25=25614=4. \begin{aligned} 256^{0.16}\cdot256^{0.09} &=256^{0.25}\\ &=256^{\frac{1}{4}}=4. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

6.

已知真命题:“若一个四边形是正方形,则它是矩形。”关于该真命题的逆命题和否命题,可以推出:

Given the true statement: If a quadrilateral is a square, then it is a rectangle. It follows that, of the converse and the inverse of this true statement:

只有逆命题为真

only the converse is true

只有否命题为真

only the inverse is true

二者都为真

both are true

二者都不为真

neither is true

否命题为真,但逆命题有时为真

the inverse is true, but the converse is sometimes true

知识点:逻辑推理反例
难度评级:1140
小提示:

明确写出逆命题和否命题

Write the converse and inverse explicitly

大提示:

用非正方形的矩形检验逆命题,并用非矩形的非正方形检验否命题

Use a nonsquare rectangle to test the converse and a nonrectangular nonsquare to test the inverse

解答:

逆命题声称每个矩形都是正方形,这是假的。否命题声称每个不是正方形的四边形都不是矩形,这也是假的,因为非正方形的矩形就是一个反例。

因此两个命题都不为真,正确答案是 D

The converse says that every rectangle is a square, which is false. The inverse says that every quadrilateral that is not a square is not a rectangle, which is also false because a nonsquare rectangle is a counterexample.

Thus neither statement is true, and the correct answer is D.

7.

一个直角三角形的三边为 aaa+da+da+2da+2d,其中 aadd 均为正数。aadd 的比为:

The sides of a right triangle are a,a, a+d,a+d, and a+2d,a+2d, with aa and dd both positive. The ratio of aa to dd is:

1:31{:}3

1:41{:}4

2:12{:}1

3:13{:}1

3:43{:}4

难度评级:1210
小提示:

最长边 a+2da+2d 必为斜边

The longest side a+2da+2d must be the hypotenuse

大提示:

应用勾股定理,并将所得关于 ad\frac{a}{d} 的二次式因式分解

Apply the Pythagorean theorem and factor the resulting quadratic in ad\frac{a}{d}

解答:

由勾股定理得 a2+(a+d)2=(a+2d)2 a^2+(a+d)^2=(a+2d)^2\text{。}化简得 a22ad3d2=0,(a3d)(a+d)=0 \begin{aligned} a^2-2ad-3d^2 &=0,\\ (a-3d)(a+d) &=0 \end{aligned}\text{。}因为二者为正,所以排除 a=da=-d,故 a=3da=3d

因此比为 3:13:1,正确答案是 D

The Pythagorean theorem gives a2+(a+d)2=(a+2d)2. a^2+(a+d)^2=(a+2d)^2. Simplifying, a22ad3d2=0,(a3d)(a+d)=0. \begin{aligned} a^2-2ad-3d^2 &=0,\\ (a-3d)(a+d) &=0. \end{aligned} Positivity excludes a=d,a=-d, so a=3d.a=3d.

Thus the ratio is 3:1,3:1, and the correct answer is D.

8.

x26x+13x^2-6x+13 的值不可能小于:

The value of x26x+13x^2-6x+13 can never be less than:

44

4.54.5

55

77

1313

难度评级:890
小提示:

x26x+13x^2-6x+13 配方

Complete the square in x26x+13x^2-6x+13

大提示:

平方数总是非负的

A square is always nonnegative

解答:

配方得 x26x+13=(x3)2+4 x^2-6x+13=(x-3)^2+4\text{。}此式至少为 44,并在 x=3x=3 时取等号。

因此,正确答案是 A

Completing the square, x26x+13=(x3)2+4. x^2-6x+13=(x-3)^2+4. This expression is at least 4,4, with equality at x=3.x=3.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

9.

一位农场主把共有 nn 头的牛群分给四个儿子:第一个儿子得到牛群的一半,第二个得到四分之一,第三个得到五分之一,第四个得到 77 头牛。则 nn 为:

A farmer divides his herd of nn cows among his four sons so that one son gets one-half the herd, a second son one-fourth, a third son one-fifth, and the fourth son 77 cows. Then nn is:

8080

100100

140140

180180

240240

知识点:分数一次方程
难度评级:1140
小提示:

将前三份所占牛群的分数相加

Add the three fractional shares of the herd

大提示:

剩余的那一份对应 77 头牛

The fraction left over corresponds to 77 cows

解答:

前三个儿子共得到牛群的 12+14+15=1920 \frac12+\frac14+\frac15=\frac{19}{20}\text{。}因此剩余的 120\frac{1}{20}77 头牛,所以 n=140n=140

因此,正确答案是 C

The first three sons receive 12+14+15=1920 \frac12+\frac14+\frac15=\frac{19}{20} of the herd. Thus the remaining 120\frac{1}{20} of the herd is 7,7, so n=140.n=140.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

10.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,AB=AC=3.6\overline{AB}=\overline{AC}=3.6。在 AB\overline{AB} 上取一点 DD,使其到 AA 的距离为 1.21.2。连接点 DDAC\overline{AC} 延长线上的点 EE,使三角形 AEDAED 与三角形 ABCABC 面积相等。则 AE\overline{AE} 等于:

In triangle ABC,ABC, with AB=AC=3.6,\overline{AB}=\overline{AC}=3.6, a point DD is taken on AB\overline{AB} at a distance 1.21.2 from A.A. Point DD is joined to point EE in the prolongation of AC\overline{AC} so that triangle AEDAED is equal in area to triangle ABC.ABC. Then AE\overline{AE} equals:

4.84.8

5.45.4

7.27.2

10.810.8

12.612.6

难度评级:1280
小提示:

比较从 BBDD 到直线 ACAC 的高

Compare the altitudes from BB and DD to the line ACAC

大提示:

因为 ADAB=13\frac{AD}{AB}=\frac{1}{3},所以从 DD 引出的高是从 BB 引出的高的三分之一

Because ADAB=13,\frac{AD}{AB}=\frac{1}{3}, the altitude from DD is one-third the altitude from BB

解答:

三角形 AEDAEDABCABC 的底边位于同一直线 ACAC 上。由于 ADAB=1.23.6=13 \frac{AD}{AB}=\frac{1.2}{3.6}=\frac13\text{,}DD 到直线 ACAC 的垂直距离是点 BB 到该直线相应距离的三分之一。要使面积相等,必须有 AE(h3)=AC(h) AE\left(\frac h3\right)=AC(h)\text{,}因此 AE=3AC=10.8AE=3AC=10.8

因此,正确答案是 D

Triangles AEDAED and ABCABC use bases on the same line AC.AC. Since ADAB=1.23.6=13, \frac{AD}{AB}=\frac{1.2}{3.6}=\frac13, the perpendicular distance from DD to line ACAC is one-third the corresponding distance from B.B. Equality of areas therefore requires AE(h3)=AC(h), AE\left(\frac h3\right)=AC(h), so AE=3AC=10.8.AE=3AC=10.8.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

11.

22 为底的 0.06250.0625 的对数为:

The logarithm of 0.06250.0625 to the base 22 is:

0.0250.025

0.250.25

55

4-4

2-2

难度评级:1030
小提示:

0.06250.0625 写成分数

Rewrite 0.06250.0625 as a fraction

大提示:

116\frac{1}{16} 写成 22 的幂

Express 116\frac{1}{16} as a power of 22

解答:

因为 0.0625=116=24 0.0625=\frac1{16}=2^{-4}\text{,}所以 log2(0.0625)=4\log_2(0.0625)=-4

因此,正确答案是 D

Since 0.0625=116=24, 0.0625=\frac1{16}=2^{-4}, we have log2(0.0625)=4.\log_2(0.0625)=-4.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

12.

分别给 20205050100100 加上同一个常数后,所得三数构成等比数列。其公比为:

By adding the same constant to each of 20,20, 50,50, 100100 a geometric progression results. The common ratio is:

53\dfrac53

43\dfrac43

32\dfrac32

12\dfrac12

13\dfrac13

难度评级:1210
小提示:

设所加常数为 cc

Let cc be the added constant

大提示:

对三个连续的等比数列项,中间项的平方等于两端项之积

For three consecutive geometric terms, the square of the middle term equals the product of the outer terms

解答:

等比数列的条件为 (50+c)2=(20+c)(100+c) (50+c)^2=(20+c)(100+c)\text{。}展开并消去 c2c^2500=20c500=20c,所以 c=25c=25。公比为 50+2520+25=7545=53 \frac{50+25}{20+25}=\frac{75}{45}=\frac53\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The geometric-progression condition is (50+c)2=(20+c)(100+c). (50+c)^2=(20+c)(100+c). Expanding and cancelling c2c^2 gives 500=20c,500=20c, so c=25.c=25. The common ratio is 50+2520+25=7545=53. \frac{50+25}{20+25}=\frac{75}{45}=\frac53.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

13.

一组 5050 个数的算术平均数为 3838。若去掉 45455555 这两个数,则其余各数的平均数为:

The arithmetic mean (average) of a set of 5050 numbers is 38.38. If two numbers, namely, 4545 and 55,55, are discarded, the mean of the remaining set of numbers is:

36.536.5

3737

37.237.2

37.537.5

37.5237.52

知识点:平均数
难度评级:960
小提示:

利用平均数和项数求出原来的总和

Recover the original sum from the mean and number of entries

大提示:

减去 45+5545+55,再除以剩余的 4848

Subtract 45+5545+55 and divide by the 4848 remaining entries

解答:

原来的总和为 5038=190050\cdot38=1900。去掉 45455555 后,剩余总和为 18001800,所以新的平均数为 180048=37.5 \frac{1800}{48}=37.5\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

The original sum is 5038=1900.50\cdot38=1900. After removing 4545 and 55,55, the remaining sum is 1800,1800, so the new mean is 180048=37.5. \frac{1800}{48}=37.5.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

14.

给定集合 SS,其元素为零以及所有正、负偶数。对其中任意两个元素施行以下五种运算:(1)(1) 加法,(2)(2) 减法,(3)(3) 乘法,(4)(4) 除法,(5)(5) 求算术平均数。结果一定仍属于 SS 的运算有:

Given the set SS whose elements are zero and the even integers, positive and negative. Of the five operations applied to any pair of elements: (1)(1) addition, (2)(2) subtraction, (3)(3) multiplication, (4)(4) division, (5)(5) finding the arithmetic mean (average), those operations that yield only elements of SS are:

全部

all

11223344

1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 44

11223355

1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 55

112233

1,1, 2,2, 33

113355

1,1, 3,3, 55

难度评级:1060
小提示:

检验每种运算是否总能把两个偶数变成偶数

Test whether each operation always takes two even integers to an even integer

大提示:

用较小的数为除法和平均数构造反例

Use small counterexamples for division and averaging

解答:

偶数在加法、减法和乘法下封闭。除法不成立,因为 24=12S\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\notin S。求平均数也不成立,因为 0022 的平均数是 1S1\notin S

因此只有运算 112233 总是成立,正确答案是 D

Even integers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Division fails, since 24=12S.\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\notin S. Averaging fails, since the mean of 00 and 22 is 1S.1\notin S.

Thus only operations 1,1, 2,2, and 33 always work, and the correct answer is D.

15.

在一个直角三角形中,斜边的平方等于两条直角边乘积的两倍。该三角形的一个锐角为:

In a right triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to twice the product of the legs. One of the acute angles of the triangle is:

1515^\circ

3030^\circ

4545^\circ

6060^\circ

7575^\circ

难度评级:1140
小提示:

将已知关系与勾股定理结合

Combine the given relation with the Pythagorean theorem

大提示:

比较 a2+b2a^2+b^22ab2ab

Compare a2+b2a^2+b^2 with 2ab2ab

解答:

若两条直角边为 a,ba,b,斜边为 cc,则 a2+b2=c2=2ab a^2+b^2=c^2=2ab\text{。}因此 (ab)2=0(a-b)^2=0,所以两条直角边相等。这个直角三角形是等腰三角形,其锐角均为 4545^\circ

因此,正确答案是 C

If the legs are a,ba,b and the hypotenuse is c,c, then a2+b2=c2=2ab. a^2+b^2=c^2=2ab. Hence (ab)2=0,(a-b)^2=0, so the legs are equal. The right triangle is isosceles and its acute angles are 45.45^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

16.

表达式 x23x+2x25x+6÷x25x+4x27x+12 \frac{x^2-3x+2}{x^2-5x+6}\div \frac{x^2-5x+4}{x^2-7x+12}\text{,}化简后为:

The expression x23x+2x25x+6÷x25x+4x27x+12, \frac{x^2-3x+2}{x^2-5x+6}\div \frac{x^2-5x+4}{x^2-7x+12}, when simplified, is:

(x1)(x6)(x3)(x4)\dfrac{(x-1)(x-6)}{(x-3)(x-4)}

x+3x3\dfrac{x+3}{x-3}

x+1x1\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}

11

22

难度评级:1210
小提示:

将四个二次式完全因式分解

Factor all four quadratics completely

大提示:

把除法改写为乘以倒数

Replace division by multiplication by the reciprocal

解答:

因式分解并乘以倒数得 (x1)(x2)(x2)(x3)(x3)(x4)(x1)(x4)=1 \begin{aligned} &\frac{(x-1)(x-2)}{(x-2)(x-3)}\\ &\quad{}\cdot \frac{(x-3)(x-4)}{(x-1)(x-4)}=1 \end{aligned} 对原表达式定义域内的每个值都成立。

因此,正确答案是 D

Factoring and multiplying by the reciprocal gives (x1)(x2)(x2)(x3)(x3)(x4)(x1)(x4)=1 \begin{aligned} &\frac{(x-1)(x-2)}{(x-2)(x-3)}\\ &\quad{}\cdot \frac{(x-3)(x-4)}{(x-1)(x-4)}=1 \end{aligned} for every value in the domain of the original expression.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

17.

y=a+bxy=a+\dfrac bx,其中 aabb 为常数;当 x=1x=-1y=1y=1,当 x=5x=-5y=5y=5,则 a+ba+b 等于:

If y=a+bx,y=a+\dfrac bx, where aa and bb are constants, and if y=1y=1 when x=1,x=-1, and y=5y=5 when x=5,x=-5, then a+ba+b equals:

1-1

00

11

1010

1111

难度评级:1180
小提示:

代入两组已知的输入、输出值

Substitute the two given input-output pairs

大提示:

解方程 ab=1a-b=1ab5=5a-\frac{b}{5}=5

Solve ab=1a-b=1 and ab5=5a-\frac{b}{5}=5

解答:

两个条件给出 ab=1,ab5=5 a-b=1,\qquad a-\frac b5=5\text{。}两式相减得 4b5=4\frac{4b}{5}=4,所以 b=5b=5a=6a=6。因此 a+b=11a+b=11

因此,正确答案是 E

The two conditions give ab=1,ab5=5. a-b=1,\qquad a-\frac b5=5. Subtracting yields 4b5=4,\frac{4b}{5}=4, so b=5b=5 and a=6.a=6. Therefore a+b=11.a+b=11.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

18.

nn 个正整数的算术平均数为:

The arithmetic mean (average) of the first nn positive integers is:

n2\dfrac n2

n22\dfrac{n^2}{2}

nn

n12\dfrac{n-1}{2}

n+12\dfrac{n+1}{2}

难度评级:840
小提示:

利用和 1+2++n1+2+\cdots+n

Use the sum 1+2++n1+2+\cdots+n

大提示:

将总和除以项数 nn

Divide the sum by the number nn of terms

解答:

nn 个正整数之和为 n(n+1)2\frac{n(n+1)}{2}。除以 nn 得平均数 n+12 \frac{n+1}{2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

The sum of the first nn positive integers is n(n+1)2.\frac{n(n+1)}{2}. Dividing by nn gives the mean n+12. \frac{n+1}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

19.

使用 11 磅、33 磅和 99 磅三个不同的砝码;若待称物体和这些砝码均可放在天平任意一盘中,可以称出多少种不同重量的物体?

With the use of three different weights, namely, 11 lb., 33 lb., and 99 lb., how many objects of different weights can be weighed, if the objects to be weighed and the given weights may be placed in either pan of the scale?

1515

1313

1111

99

77

知识点:进制系统列举
难度评级:1360
小提示:

每个砝码可以与物体同盘、放在另一盘,或不使用

Each weight may go with the object, against the object, or remain unused

大提示:

砝码 1,3,91,3,9 可以表示从 11 到它们总和之间的每个整数

The weights 1,3,91,3,9 can represent every integer from 11 through their sum

解答:

对砝码 1,3,91,3,9 使用系数 1,0,1-1,0,1,平衡三进制可以表示从 111+3+9=13 1+3+9=13 的每个整数重量。因此可以称量 1313 种不同的正重量。

因此,正确答案是 B

Using coefficients 1,0,1-1,0,1 for the weights 1,3,9,1,3,9, balanced ternary represents every integer weight from 11 through 1+3+9=13. 1+3+9=13. Thus there are 1313 different positive object weights that can be measured.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

20.

已知 xxyy 成正比、与 zz 的平方成反比;当 y=4y=4z=14z=14 时,x=10x=10。那么当 y=16y=16z=7z=7 时,xx 等于:

It is given that xx varies directly as yy and inversely as the square of z,z, and that x=10x=10 when y=4y=4 and z=14.z=14. Then, when y=16y=16 and z=7,z=7, xx equals:

180180

160160

154154

140140

120120

知识点:比与比例指数
难度评级:1140
小提示:

写出 x=kyz2x=\frac{ky}{z^2}

Write x=kyz2x=\frac{ky}{z^2}

大提示:

用比值比较新旧数值,使比例常数约去

Compare the new and old values by ratios so the constant cancels

解答:

因为 x=kyz2x=\frac{ky}{z^2},所以 xnew10=164(147)2=44=16 \frac{x_{\rm new}}{10} =\frac{16}{4}\left(\frac{14}{7}\right)^2 =4\cdot4=16\text{。}因此 xnew=160x_{\rm new}=160

因此,正确答案是 B

Because x=kyz2,x=\frac{ky}{z^2}, xnew10=164(147)2=44=16. \frac{x_{\rm new}}{10} =\frac{16}{4}\left(\frac{14}{7}\right)^2 =4\cdot4=16. Hence xnew=160.x_{\rm new}=160.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

21.

若内接于一个圆的等边三角形周长为 pp,则该圆的面积为:

If pp is the perimeter of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle, the area of the circle is:

πp23\dfrac{\pi p^2}{3}

πp29\dfrac{\pi p^2}{9}

πp227\dfrac{\pi p^2}{27}

πp281\dfrac{\pi p^2}{81}

πp2327\dfrac{\pi p^2\sqrt3}{27}

难度评级:1210
小提示:

三角形边长为 p3\frac{p}{3}

The triangle side length is p3\frac{p}{3}

大提示:

边长为 ss 的等边三角形外接圆半径为 s3\frac{s}{\sqrt3}

An equilateral triangle with side ss has circumradius s3\frac{s}{\sqrt3}

解答:

边长为 p3\frac{p}{3},所以外接圆半径为 R=p33=p33 R=\frac{\frac{p}{3}}{\sqrt3}=\frac{p}{3\sqrt3}\text{。}因此圆的面积为 πR2=πp227 \pi R^2=\frac{\pi p^2}{27}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

The side length is p3,\frac{p}{3}, so the circumradius is R=p33=p33. R=\frac{\frac{p}{3}}{\sqrt3}=\frac{p}{3\sqrt3}. Therefore the circle’s area is πR2=πp227. \pi R^2=\frac{\pi p^2}{27}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

22.

连接一个梯形两条对角线中点的线段长为 33。若较长的底边长为 9797,则较短的底边长为:

The line joining the midpoints of the diagonals of a trapezoid has length 3.3. If the longer base is 97,97, then the shorter base is:

9494

9292

9191

9090

8989

知识点:梯形中点
难度评级:1150
小提示:

回忆梯形两条对角线中点连线的长度

Recall the length of the segment joining the diagonal midpoints of a trapezoid

大提示:

它等于两底边长度之差的一半

It equals half the difference of the base lengths

解答:

若较短底边为 bb,则对角线中点连线的长度为两底边之差的一半:97b2=3 \frac{97-b}{2}=3\text{。}因此 97b=697-b=6,且 b=91b=91

因此,正确答案是 C

If the shorter base is b,b, the diagonal-midpoint segment has length half the difference of the bases: 97b2=3. \frac{97-b}{2}=3. Thus 97b=697-b=6 and b=91.b=91.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

23.

方程 log10(a215a)=2\log_{10}(a^2-15a)=2 的解集包含:

The set of solutions for the equation log10(a215a)=2\log_{10}(a^2-15a)=2 consists of:

两个整数

two integers

一个整数和一个分数

one integer and one fraction

两个无理数

two irrational numbers

两个非实数

two non-real numbers

没有数,即空集

no numbers, that is, the set is empty

知识点:对数二次方程
难度评级:1110
小提示:

将对数方程化为指数形式

Convert the logarithmic equation to exponential form

大提示:

a215a=100a^2-15a=100,并检验对数的真数为正

Solve a215a=100a^2-15a=100 and check that the logarithm’s argument is positive

解答:

该方程等价于 a215a=100 a^2-15a=100\text{,}(a20)(a+5)=0(a-20)(a+5)=0。因此 a=20a=20a=5a=-5。两种情况下对数的真数都是 100100,所以两个解都是有效的整数。

因此,正确答案是 A

The equation is equivalent to a215a=100, a^2-15a=100, or (a20)(a+5)=0.(a-20)(a+5)=0. Thus a=20a=20 or a=5.a=-5. In both cases the logarithm’s argument is 100,100, so both solutions are valid integers.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

24.

一位化学家有 mm 盎司含盐量为 m%m\% 的盐水。他必须加入多少盎司盐,才能使溶液的含盐量变为 2m%2m\%

A chemist has mm ounces of salt water that is m%m\% salt. How many ounces of salt must he add to make a solution that is 2m%2m\% salt?

m100+m\dfrac{m}{100+m}

2m1002m\dfrac{2m}{100-2m}

m21002m\dfrac{m^2}{100-2m}

m2100+2m\dfrac{m^2}{100+2m}

2m100+m\dfrac{2m}{100+m}

难度评级:1300
小提示:

原有盐的质量为 m2100\frac{m^2}{100} 盎司

The original amount of salt is m2100\frac{m^2}{100} ounces

大提示:

若加入 xx 盎司纯盐,令 m2100+xm+x\frac{\frac{m^2}{100}+x}{m+x} 等于 2m100\frac{2m}{100}

If xx ounces of pure salt are added, equate m2100+xm+x\frac{\frac{m^2}{100}+x}{m+x} to 2m100\frac{2m}{100}

解答:

设加入 xx 盎司盐。浓度方程为 m2100+xm+x=2m100 \frac{\frac{m^2}{100}+x}{m+x}=\frac{2m}{100}\text{。}两边同乘分母并合并含 xx 的项,得 x(1002m)=m2 x(100-2m)=m^2\text{,}所以 x=m21002mx=\frac{m^2}{100-2m}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let xx ounces of salt be added. The concentration equation is m2100+xm+x=2m100. \frac{\frac{m^2}{100}+x}{m+x}=\frac{2m}{100}. Multiplying through and collecting the xx-terms gives x(1002m)=m2, x(100-2m)=m^2, so x=m21002m.x=\frac{m^2}{100-2m}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

25.

aa 大于或等于零,符号 a|a| 表示 +a+a;若 aa 小于或等于零,则表示 a-a。符号 <\lt 表示“小于”,符号 >\gt 表示“大于”。满足不等式 3x<4|3-x|\lt4xx 的取值集合,由所有满足下列条件的 xx 组成:

The symbol a|a| means +a+a if aa is greater than or equal to zero, and a-a if aa is less than or equal to zero; the symbol <\lt means “less than”; the symbol >\gt means “greater than.” The set of values xx satisfying the inequality 3x<4|3-x|\lt4 consists of all xx such that:

x2<49x^2\lt49

x2>1x^2\gt1

1<x2<491\lt x^2\lt49

1<x<7-1\lt x\lt7

7<x<1-7\lt x\lt1

知识点:绝对值不等式
难度评级:1060
小提示:

3x<4|3-x|\lt4 改写成复合不等式

Rewrite 3x<4|3-x|\lt4 as a compound inequality

大提示:

解关于 xx 的不等式 4<3x<4-4\lt3-x\lt4

Solve 4<3x<4-4\lt3-x\lt4 for xx

解答:

该绝对值不等式等价于 4<3x<4 -4\lt3-x\lt4\text{。}减去 33 后再乘以 1-1,不等号方向反转,得到 1<x<7 -1\lt x\lt7\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

The absolute-value inequality is equivalent to 4<3x<4. -4\lt3-x\lt4. Subtracting 33 and multiplying by 1-1 reverses the inequalities, giving 1<x<7. -1\lt x\lt7.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

26.

一个等腰三角形的底边长为 2\sqrt2。两条腰上的中线互相垂直。该三角形的面积为:

The base of an isosceles triangle is 2.\sqrt2. The medians to the legs intersect each other at right angles. The area of the triangle is:

1.51.5

22

2.52.5

3.53.5

44

难度评级:1660
小提示:

将底边两端点关于原点对称放置,并把第三个顶点置于底边的垂直平分线上

Place the base endpoints symmetrically about the origin and the third vertex on the perpendicular bisector

大提示:

写出两条中线的方向向量,并令其点积为零

Write direction vectors for the two medians and set their dot product equal to zero

解答:

将底边两端点置于 A=(22,0)A=(-\frac{\sqrt2}{2},0)B=(22,0)B=(\frac{\sqrt2}{2},0),并设第三个顶点为 C=(0,h)C=(0,h)。从 AA 出发的中线方向为 (324,h2) \left(\frac{3\sqrt2}{4},\frac h2\right)\text{,}BB 出发的中线方向为 (324,h2) \left(-\frac{3\sqrt2}{4},\frac h2\right)\text{。}两者点积为零,所以 98+h24=0 -\frac98+\frac{h^2}{4}=0\text{,}h=322h=\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}。因此面积为 122322=32 \frac12\cdot\sqrt2\cdot\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}=\frac32\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Put the base endpoints at A=(22,0)A=(-\frac{\sqrt2}{2},0) and B=(22,0),B=(\frac{\sqrt2}{2},0), and let the third vertex be C=(0,h).C=(0,h). The median from AA has direction (324,h2), \left(\frac{3\sqrt2}{4},\frac h2\right), while the median from BB has direction (324,h2). \left(-\frac{3\sqrt2}{4},\frac h2\right). Their dot product is zero, so 98+h24=0, -\frac98+\frac{h^2}{4}=0, and h=322.h=\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}. Thus the area is 122322=32. \frac12\cdot\sqrt2\cdot\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}=\frac32.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

27.

对于方程

ix2x+2i=0 ix^2-x+2i=0\text{,}

其中 i=1i=\sqrt{-1},下列哪一个陈述不正确?

Which one of the following statements is not true for the equation

ix2x+2i=0, ix^2-x+2i=0,

where i=1?i=\sqrt{-1}?

两根之和为 22

The sum of the roots is 22

判别式为 99

The discriminant is 99

两根都是虚数

The roots are imaginary

可用求根公式求出两根

The roots can be found by using the quadratic formula

可在虚数范围内因式分解来求出两根

The roots can be found by factoring, using imaginary numbers

难度评级:1360
小提示:

在解方程之前,先用韦达定理求两根之和

Use Vieta’s formula for the sum of the roots before solving the equation

大提示:

两根之和等于 xx 项系数的相反数除以 x2x^2 项系数

The sum is the negative of the xx-coefficient divided by the x2x^2-coefficient

解答:

由韦达定理,两根之和为 1i=1i=i -\frac{-1}{i}=\frac1i=-i\text{,}而不是 22。判别式为 (1)24(i)(2i)=18i2=9 (-1)^2-4(i)(2i)=1-8i^2=9\text{。}求根公式给出虚根 ii2i-2i,所以其余陈述都正确。

因此,正确答案是 A

By Vieta’s formula, the sum of the roots is 1i=1i=i, -\frac{-1}{i}=\frac1i=-i, not 2.2. Also the discriminant is (1)24(i)(2i)=18i2=9. (-1)^2-4(i)(2i)=1-8i^2=9. The quadratic formula gives the imaginary roots ii and 2i,-2i, so the remaining statements are true.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

28.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,AL\overline{AL} 平分角 AACM\overline{CM} 平分角 CC。点 LLMM 分别位于 BC\overline{BC}AB\overline{AB} 上。三角形 ABCABC 的三边为 aabbcc。若 AMMB=kCLLB\dfrac{AM}{MB}=k\dfrac{CL}{LB},则 kk 为:

In triangle ABC,ABC, AL\overline{AL} bisects angle AA and CM\overline{CM} bisects angle C.C. Points LL and MM are on BC\overline{BC} and AB,\overline{AB}, respectively. The sides of triangle ABCABC are a,a, b,b, and c.c. Then AMMB=kCLLB,\dfrac{AM}{MB}=k\dfrac{CL}{LB}, where kk is:

11

bca2\dfrac{bc}{a^2}

a2bc\dfrac{a^2}{bc}

cb\dfrac cb

ca\dfrac ca

难度评级:1300
小提示:

分别对 CMCMALAL 应用角平分线定理

Apply the angle bisector theorem separately to CMCM and ALAL

大提示:

使用标准记号 a=BC, b=CA, c=ABa=BC,\ b=CA,\ c=AB

Use the standard notation a=BC, b=CA, c=ABa=BC,\ b=CA,\ c=AB

解答:

由角平分线定理,AMMB=ACCB=ba,CLLB=ACAB=bc \begin{aligned} \frac{AM}{MB}&=\frac{AC}{CB}=\frac ba,\\ \frac{CL}{LB}&=\frac{AC}{AB}=\frac bc \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 k=babc=ca k=\frac{\frac{b}{a}}{\frac{b}{c}}=\frac ca\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

By the angle bisector theorem, AMMB=ACCB=ba,CLLB=ACAB=bc. \begin{aligned} \frac{AM}{MB}&=\frac{AC}{CB}=\frac ba,\\ \frac{CL}{LB}&=\frac{AC}{AB}=\frac bc. \end{aligned} Therefore k=babc=ca. k=\frac{\frac{b}{a}}{\frac{b}{c}}=\frac ca.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

29.

一场考试共有 nn 道题,一名学生在前 2020 道题中答对了 1515 道,其余题目中答对了三分之一。每道题分值相同。若该生得分为 50%50\%,则 nn 有多少个不同的可能值?

On an examination of nn questions a student answers correctly 1515 of the first 20.20. Of the remaining questions he answers one third correctly. All the questions have the same credit. If the student’s mark is 50%,50\%, how many different values of nn can there be?

44

33

22

11

无法确定

the problem cannot be solved

难度评级:1280
小提示:

nn 表示答对的总题数

Express the total number correct in terms of nn

大提示:

15+n20315+\frac{n-20}{3} 等于 n2\frac{n}{2}

Set 15+n20315+\frac{n-20}{3} equal to n2\frac{n}{2}

解答:

得分条件给出 15+n203=n2 15+\frac{n-20}{3}=\frac n2\text{。}两边乘以 6690+2n40=3n90+2n-40=3n,所以 n=50n=50。此值也使其余题目中答对的题数为整数。因此 nn 恰有一个可能值。

因此,正确答案是 D

The score condition gives 15+n203=n2. 15+\frac{n-20}{3}=\frac n2. Multiplying by 66 yields 90+2n40=3n,90+2n-40=3n, so n=50.n=50. This value also makes the number of remaining correct answers an integer. Hence there is exactly one possible value of n.n.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

30.

AA 跑完一圈圆形跑道需 4040 秒。BB 沿相反方向跑,每隔 1515 秒与 AA 相遇一次。BB 跑完一圈需多少秒?

AA can run around a circular track in 4040 seconds. B,B, running in the opposite direction, meets AA every 1515 seconds. What is BB’s time to run around the track, expressed in seconds?

121212\dfrac12

2424

2525

271227\dfrac12

5555

知识点:相对速度速率
难度评级:1140
小提示:

用每秒多少圈表示两人的速度

Measure each runner’s speed in laps per second

大提示:

因为两人方向相反,所以速度之和为每秒 115\frac{1}{15}

Because they run in opposite directions, their speeds add to 115\frac{1}{15} lap per second

解答:

BB 跑一圈的时间为 tt,则两人的相对速度为 140+1t=115 \frac1{40}+\frac1t=\frac1{15}\text{。}因此 1t=124\frac{1}{t}=\frac{1}{24},所以 t=24t=24 秒。

因此,正确答案是 B

If BB’s lap time is t,t, their relative speed is 140+1t=115. \frac1{40}+\frac1t=\frac1{15}. Thus 1t=124,\frac{1}{t}=\frac{1}{24}, so t=24t=24 seconds.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

31.

一个面积为 4040 的正方形内接于半圆。若在同一半径的整圆中内接一个正方形,则其面积为:

A square, with an area of 40,40, is inscribed in a semicircle. The area of a square that could be inscribed in the entire circle with the same radius is:

8080

100100

120120

160160

200200

难度评级:1360
小提示:

设第一个正方形边长为 ss,并将其下边放在半圆直径上

Let the first square have side ss and place its lower side on the semicircle’s diameter

大提示:

相对于圆心,一个上顶点的横坐标为 s2\frac{s}{2},纵坐标为 ss

A top vertex has horizontal coordinate s2\frac{s}{2} and vertical coordinate ss relative to the center

解答:

设半圆半径为 rr,正方形边长为 ss,其中 s2=40s^2=40。正方形一个上顶点相对圆心的水平距离为 s2\frac{s}{2},竖直距离为 ss,所以 r2=s2+(s2)2=54s2=50 r^2=s^2+\left(\frac s2\right)^2=\frac54s^2=50\text{。}内接于整圆的正方形对角线长为 2r2r,故面积为 2r2=1002r^2=100

因此,正确答案是 B

Let the semicircle have radius rr and the square have side s,s, where s2=40.s^2=40. A top vertex of the square is s2\frac{s}{2} horizontally and ss vertically from the center, so r2=s2+(s2)2=54s2=50. r^2=s^2+\left(\frac s2\right)^2=\frac54s^2=50. A square inscribed in the full circle has diagonal 2r,2r, hence area 2r2=100.2r^2=100.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

32.

从点 AA 向一个圆所作切线段长 ll 是半径 rr43\dfrac43。点 AA 到该圆的最短距离为:

The length ll of a tangent, drawn from a point AA to a circle, is 43\dfrac43 of the radius r.r. The (shortest) distance from AA to the circle is:

12r\dfrac12r

rr

12l\dfrac12l

23l\dfrac23l

介于 rrll 之间的一个值

a value between rr and ll

难度评级:1280
小提示:

连接 AA 与圆心及切点

Join AA to the center and to the point of tangency

大提示:

利用两直角边为 rrl=4r3l=\frac{4r}{3} 的直角三角形

Use the right triangle with legs rr and l=4r3l=\frac{4r}{3}

解答:

OO 为圆心,TT 为切点,则 OTATOT\perp AT。因此 AO=r2+l2=r2+16r29=5r3 \begin{aligned} AO &=\sqrt{r^2+l^2}\\ &=\sqrt{r^2+\frac{16r^2}{9}}\\ &=\frac{5r}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}AA 到圆的最短距离为 AOr=2r3AO-r=\frac{2r}{3}。由于 l=4r3l=\frac{4r}{3},此距离等于 l2\frac{l}{2}

因此,正确答案是 C

If OO is the center and TT the point of tangency, then OTAT.OT\perp AT. Hence AO=r2+l2=r2+16r29=5r3. \begin{aligned} AO &=\sqrt{r^2+l^2}\\ &=\sqrt{r^2+\frac{16r^2}{9}}\\ &=\frac{5r}{3}. \end{aligned} The shortest distance from AA to the circle is AOr=2r3.AO-r=\frac{2r}{3}. Since l=4r3,l=\frac{4r}{3}, this distance equals l2.\frac{l}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

33.

调和数列是指其各项的倒数组成等差数列的数列。令 SnS_n 表示调和数列前 nn 项之和;例如,S3S_3 表示前三项之和。若某调和数列前三项为 334466,则:

A harmonic progression is a sequence of numbers such that their reciprocals are in arithmetic progression. Let SnS_n represent the sum of the first nn terms of the harmonic progression; for example, S3S_3 represents the sum of the first three terms. If the first three terms of a harmonic progression are 3,3, 4,4, 6,6, then:

S4=20S_4=20

S4=25S_4=25

S5=49S_5=49

S6=49S_6=49

S2=12S4S_2=\dfrac12S_4

难度评级:1280
小提示:

写出倒数 13,14,16\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{6},并确定其公差

Write the reciprocals 13,14,16\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{6} and identify their common difference

大提示:

将倒数组成的等差数列再延续一项

Continue the arithmetic progression of reciprocals one more term

解答:

各项的倒数开始为 13,14,16 \frac13,\quad\frac14,\quad\frac16\text{,}公差为 112-\frac{1}{12}。下一个倒数是 112\frac{1}{12},所以第四项为 1212。因此 S4=3+4+6+12=25 S_4=3+4+6+12=25\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The reciprocals begin 13,14,16, \frac13,\quad\frac14,\quad\frac16, with common difference 112.-\frac{1}{12}. The next reciprocal is 112,\frac{1}{12}, so the fourth term is 12.12. Therefore S4=3+4+6+12=25. S_4=3+4+6+12=25.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

34.

x23x+1=0x^2-3x+1=0 的两根为 rrss。则表达式 r2+s2r^2+s^2 是:

Let the roots of x23x+1=0x^2-3x+1=0 be rr and s.s. Then the expression r2+s2r^2+s^2 is:

正整数

a positive integer

大于 11 的正分数

a positive fraction greater than 11

小于 11 的正分数

a positive fraction less than 11

无理数

an irrational number

虚数

an imaginary number

难度评级:1110
小提示:

利用 r+s=3r+s=3rs=1rs=1

Use r+s=3r+s=3 and rs=1rs=1

大提示:

r2+s2r^2+s^2 改写为 (r+s)22rs(r+s)^2-2rs

Rewrite r2+s2r^2+s^2 as (r+s)22rs(r+s)^2-2rs

解答:

由韦达定理,r+s=3r+s=3rs=1rs=1。因此 r2+s2=(r+s)22rs=92=7 \begin{aligned} r^2+s^2 &=(r+s)^2-2rs\\ &=9-2=7 \end{aligned}\text{,}它是正整数。

因此,正确答案是 A

Vieta’s formulas give r+s=3r+s=3 and rs=1.rs=1. Therefore r2+s2=(r+s)22rs=92=7, \begin{aligned} r^2+s^2 &=(r+s)^2-2rs\\ &=9-2=7, \end{aligned} which is a positive integer.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

35.

符号 \ge 表示“大于或等于”,符号 \le 表示“小于或等于”。在方程 (xm)2(xn)2=(mn)2(x-m)^2-(x-n)^2=(m-n)^2 中,mm 是固定正数,nn 是固定负数。满足该方程的 xx 的集合为:

The symbol \ge means “greater than or equal to”; the symbol \le means “less than or equal to.” In the equation (xm)2(xn)2=(mn)2,(x-m)^2-(x-n)^2=(m-n)^2, mm is a fixed positive number, and nn is a fixed negative number. The set of values xx satisfying the equation is:

x0x\ge0

xnx\le n

x=0x=0

所有实数的集合

the set of all real numbers

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1280
小提示:

将左边的平方差因式分解

Factor the difference of squares on the left

大提示:

因为 mnm\ne n,除以 mnm-n 并解出 xx

Because mn,m\ne n, divide by mnm-n and solve for xx

解答:

将左边因式分解得 (nm)(2xmn)=(mn)2 \begin{aligned} &(n-m)(2x-m-n)\\ &\qquad=(m-n)^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}因为 mnm\ne n,除以 nmn-m2xmn=nm2x-m-n=n-m,所以 x=nx=n。这个唯一的负值不属于选项 A 至 D 中的任何一种情况。

因此,正确答案是 E

Factoring the left side gives (nm)(2xmn)=(mn)2. \begin{aligned} &(n-m)(2x-m-n)\\ &\qquad=(m-n)^2. \end{aligned} Since mn,m\ne n, division by nmn-m yields 2xmn=nm,2x-m-n=n-m, so x=n.x=n. This single negative value is not any of choices A through D.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

36.

一个三角形的底边长为 8080,其中一个底角为 6060^\circ,另两边长度之和为 9090。最短边长为:

The base of a triangle is 80,80, and one of the base angles is 60.60^\circ. The sum of the lengths of the other two sides is 90.90. The shortest side is:

4545

4040

3636

1717

1212

难度评级:1550
小提示:

设与 6060^\circ 角相邻的边长为 xx,则第三边长为 90x90-x

Let the side adjacent to the 6060^\circ angle be xx, so the third side is 90x90-x

大提示:

对夹角两边 8080xx 应用余弦定理

Apply the law of cosines with included sides 8080 and xx

解答:

设与 6060^\circ 底角相邻的边长为 xx,对边长为 90x90-x。由余弦定理 (90x)2=802+x22(80)(x)cos60 \begin{aligned} (90-x)^2 &=80^2+x^2\\ &\quad{}-2(80)(x)\cos60^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}化简得 8100180x=640080x8100-180x=6400-80x,所以 x=17x=17。三边长为 17, 7317,\ 738080,最短边为 1717

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the side adjacent to the 6060^\circ base angle be x,x, and let the opposite side be 90x.90-x. The law of cosines gives (90x)2=802+x22(80)(x)cos60. \begin{aligned} (90-x)^2 &=80^2+x^2\\ &\quad{}-2(80)(x)\cos60^\circ. \end{aligned} Simplifying yields 8100180x=640080x,8100-180x=6400-80x, so x=17.x=17. The side lengths are 17, 73,17,\ 73, and 80,80, and the shortest is 17.17.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

37.

乘积 (113)(114)(115)(11n) \begin{aligned} &\left(1-\dfrac13\right)\left(1-\dfrac14\right)\\ &\quad{}\cdot\left(1-\dfrac15\right)\cdots\left(1-\dfrac1n\right) \end{aligned} 化简后为:

When simplified the product (113)(114)(115)(11n) \begin{aligned} &\left(1-\dfrac13\right)\left(1-\dfrac14\right)\\ &\quad{}\cdot\left(1-\dfrac15\right)\cdots\left(1-\dfrac1n\right) \end{aligned} becomes:

1n\dfrac1n

2n\dfrac2n

2(n1)n\dfrac{2(n-1)}n

2n(n+1)\dfrac{2}{n(n+1)}

3n(n+1)\dfrac{3}{n(n+1)}

知识点:裂项相消分数
难度评级:1140
小提示:

将每个因式 11k1-\frac{1}{k} 改写为 k1k\frac{k-1}{k}

Rewrite each factor 11k1-\frac{1}{k} as k1k\frac{k-1}{k}

大提示:

写出前几个因式,并约去相邻的分子和分母

Write out the first few factors and cancel adjacent numerators and denominators

解答:

该乘积逐项消去:233445n1n=2n \frac23\cdot\frac34\cdot\frac45\cdots\frac{n-1}{n} =\frac2n\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The product telescopes: 233445n1n=2n. \frac23\cdot\frac34\cdot\frac45\cdots\frac{n-1}{n} =\frac2n.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

38.

4x+2x=14x+\sqrt{2x}=1,则 xx

If 4x+2x=1,4x+\sqrt{2x}=1, then x:x:

是整数

is an integer

是分数

is fractional

是无理数

is irrational

是虚数

is imaginary

可能有两个不同的值

may have two different values

难度评级:1360
小提示:

u=2xu=\sqrt{2x},则 x=u22x=\frac{u^2}{2}u0u\ge0

Set u=2x,u=\sqrt{2x}, so x=u22x=\frac{u^2}{2} and u0u\ge0

大提示:

解所得二次方程 2u2+u1=02u^2+u-1=0

Solve the resulting quadratic 2u2+u1=02u^2+u-1=0

解答:

u=2x0u=\sqrt{2x}\ge0。由于 x=u22x=\frac{u^2}{2},方程变为 2u2+u=1 2u^2+u=1\text{,}(2u1)(u+1)=0(2u-1)(u+1)=0。因此 u=12u=\frac{1}{2}x=u22=18x=\frac{u^2}{2}=\frac{1}{8}。另一个二次方程根因 u0u\ge0 而不合条件。故 xx 是分数。

因此,正确答案是 B

Let u=2x0.u=\sqrt{2x}\ge0. Since x=u22,x=\frac{u^2}{2}, the equation becomes 2u2+u=1, 2u^2+u=1, or (2u1)(u+1)=0.(2u-1)(u+1)=0. Thus u=12u=\frac{1}{2} and x=u22=18.x=\frac{u^2}{2}=\frac{1}{8}. The other quadratic root is inadmissible because u0.u\ge0. Hence xx is fractional.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

39.

SS 为下列数列前九项之和:

x+a,x2+2a,x3+3a, \begin{gathered} x+a,\quad x^2+2a,\\ x^3+3a,\quad\ldots \end{gathered}\text{。}

SS 等于:

Let SS be the sum of the first nine terms of the sequence

x+a,x2+2a,x3+3a,. \begin{gathered} x+a,\quad x^2+2a,\\ x^3+3a,\quad\ldots. \end{gathered}

Then SS equals:

50a+x+x8x+1\dfrac{50a+x+x^8}{x+1}

50ax+x10x150a-\dfrac{x+x^{10}}{x-1}

x91x+1+45a\dfrac{x^9-1}{x+1}+45a

x10xx1+45a\dfrac{x^{10}-x}{x-1}+45a

x11xx1+45a\dfrac{x^{11}-x}{x-1}+45a

难度评级:1280
小提示:

xx 的幂与 aa 的倍数分开

Separate the powers of xx from the multiples of aa

大提示:

x+x2++x9x+x^2+\cdots+x^9 使用等比数列求和公式

Use the geometric-series sum for x+x2++x9x+x^2+\cdots+x^9

解答:

将前九项相加,得 S=(x+x2++x9)+(1+2++9)a \begin{aligned} S={}&(x+x^2+\cdots+x^9)\\ &{}+(1+2+\cdots+9)a \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 S=x10xx1+45a S=\frac{x^{10}-x}{x-1}+45a\text{。}x=1x=1 时按连续性理解此表达式,此时两种形式都等于 9+45a9+45a

因此,正确答案是 D

Adding the first nine terms gives S=(x+x2++x9)+(1+2++9)a. \begin{aligned} S={}&(x+x^2+\cdots+x^9)\\ &{}+(1+2+\cdots+9)a. \end{aligned} Therefore S=x10xx1+45a. S=\frac{x^{10}-x}{x-1}+45a. The expression is understood by continuity at x=1,x=1, where both forms equal 9+45a.9+45a.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

40.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,BD\overline{BD} 是一条中线。CF\overline{CF}BD\overline{BD} 相交于 EE,且 BE=EDBE=ED。点 FF 位于 AB\overline{AB} 上。若 BF=5BF=5,则 BABA 等于:

In triangle ABC,ABC, BD\overline{BD} is a median. CF\overline{CF} intersects BD\overline{BD} at EE so that BE=ED.BE=ED. Point FF is on AB.\overline{AB}. Then, if BF=5,BF=5, BABA equals:

1010

1212

1515

2020

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1590
小提示:

使用坐标法或质量点法,并注意 DDACAC 的中点,EEBDBD 的中点

Use coordinates or masses, noting that DD is the midpoint of ACAC and EE is the midpoint of BDBD

大提示:

分别把 EE 写成 B+D2\frac{B+D}{2} 以及直线 CFCF 上的一点

Write EE both as B+D2\frac{B+D}{2} and as a point on line CFCF

解答:

使用向量,令 A=0, B=bA=\mathbf0,\ B=\mathbf b,且 C=cC=\mathbf c。因为 D=c2D=\frac{\mathbf c}{2},且 EEBDBD 的中点,所以 E=12b+14c E=\frac12\mathbf b+\frac14\mathbf c\text{。}ABAB 上一点 FF 可写成 F=tbF=t\mathbf b。由于 EE 位于 CFCF 上,比较 c\mathbf c 的系数可得 E=14C+34FE=\tfrac14C+\tfrac34F。于是 34t=12 \frac34t=\frac12\text{,}所以 t=23t=\frac{2}{3}。因此 AFAB=23\frac{AF}{AB}=\frac{2}{3},且 BFBA=13\frac{BF}{BA}=\frac{1}{3}。由于 BF=5BF=5,所以 BA=15BA=15

因此,正确答案是 C

Use vectors with A=0, B=b,A=\mathbf0,\ B=\mathbf b, and C=c.C=\mathbf c. Since D=c2D=\frac{\mathbf c}{2} and EE is the midpoint of BD,BD, E=12b+14c. E=\frac12\mathbf b+\frac14\mathbf c. A point FF on ABAB has the form F=tb.F=t\mathbf b. Since EE lies on CF,CF, comparison of the c\mathbf c-coefficient shows that E=14C+34F.E=\tfrac14C+\tfrac34F. Hence 34t=12, \frac34t=\frac12, so t=23.t=\frac{2}{3}. Thus AFAB=23,\frac{AF}{AB}=\frac{2}{3}, and BFBA=13.\frac{BF}{BA}=\frac{1}{3}. Since BF=5,BF=5, BA=15.BA=15.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

41.

在一条直线的同一侧画三个圆:一个半径为 44 英寸的圆与该直线相切,另两个圆全等,且每个圆都与该直线及另外两个圆相切。两个全等圆的半径为:

On the same side of a straight line three circles are drawn as follows: a circle with a radius of 44 inches is tangent to the line, the other two circles are equal, and each is tangent to the line and to the other two circles. The radius of the equal circles is:

2424

2020

1818

1616

1212

难度评级:1590
小提示:

小圆对称地位于两个全等圆之间

The small circle lies symmetrically between the two equal circles

大提示:

若全等圆半径为 RR,比较圆心距 R2+(R4)2\sqrt{R^2+(R-4)^2}R+4R+4

If an equal circle has radius R,R, compare the center distance R2+(R4)2\sqrt{R^2+(R-4)^2} with R+4R+4

解答:

设两个全等圆的半径为 RR。它们的圆心相距 2R2R,所以半径为 44 的圆的圆心位于两者正中间。小圆圆心与任一大圆圆心的水平距离和竖直距离分别为 RRR4R-4。由相切条件得 R2+(R4)2=(R+4)2 R^2+(R-4)^2=(R+4)^2\text{。}化简得 R216R=0R^2-16R=0,由正性知 R=16R=16

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the equal circles have radius R.R. Their centers are 2R2R apart, so the center of the radius-44 circle lies midway between them. The horizontal and vertical separations between its center and either large center are RR and R4.R-4. Tangency gives R2+(R4)2=(R+4)2. R^2+(R-4)^2=(R+4)^2. Simplifying yields R216R=0,R^2-16R=0, and positivity gives R=16.R=16.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

42.

给定三个正整数 aabbcc。它们的最大公因数为 DD,最小公倍数为 MM。下列哪两个陈述正确?

(1)(1) 乘积 MDMD 不可能小于 abcabc

(2)(2) 乘积 MDMD 不可能大于 abcabc

(3)(3) 当且仅当 aabbcc 都是质数时,MDMD 等于 abcabc

(4)(4) 当且仅当 aabbcc 两两互质时,MDMD 等于 abcabc。(即任意两个数都没有大于 11 的公因数。)

Given three positive integers a,a, b,b, and c.c. Their greatest common divisor is D;D; their least common multiple is M.M. Then, which two of the following statements are true?

(1)(1) The product MDMD cannot be less than abc.abc.

(2)(2) The product MDMD cannot be greater than abc.abc.

(3)(3) MDMD equals abcabc if and only if a,a, b,b, cc are each prime.

(4)(4) MDMD equals abcabc if and only if a,a, b,b, cc are relatively prime in pairs. (This means: no two have a common factor greater than 1.1.)

1122

1,1, 22

1133

1,1, 33

1144

1,1, 44

2233

2,2, 33

2244

2,2, 44

难度评级:1790
小提示:

对任一质数,将它在 a,b,ca,b,c 中的指数按 uvwu\le v\le w 排列

For one prime, order its exponents in a,b,ca,b,c as uvwu\le v\le w

大提示:

比较它在 MDMD 中的指数 u+wu+w 与在 abcabc 中的指数 u+v+wu+v+w

Compare the exponent u+wu+w in MDMD with the exponent u+v+wu+v+w in abcabc

解答:

对任一质数,设它在 a,b,ca,b,c 中的指数为 uvwu\le v\le w。它在 MDMD 中的指数为 u+wu+w,而在 abcabc 中的指数为 u+v+wu+v+w。因此 MDabcMD\le abc,证明了陈述 (2)(2)。对每个质数都恰有 v=0v=0 时等号成立,这意味着没有任何质数同时整除 a,b,ca,b,c 中的两个数。这正是两两互质,证明了陈述 (4)(4)

因此,正确答案是 E

For any prime, let its exponents in a,b,ca,b,c be uvw.u\le v\le w. Its exponent in MDMD is u+w,u+w, while its exponent in abcabc is u+v+w.u+v+w. Thus MDabc,MD\le abc, proving statement (2).(2). Equality holds exactly when v=0v=0 for every prime, meaning no prime divides two of a,b,c.a,b,c. That is precisely pairwise relative primality, proving statement (4).(4).

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

43.

一个三角形的三边长为 252539394040。其外接圆直径为:

The sides of a triangle are 25,25, 39,39, and 40.40. The diameter of the circumscribed circle is:

1333\dfrac{133}{3}

1253\dfrac{125}{3}

4242

4141

4040

难度评级:1750
小提示:

使用半周长为 5252 的海伦公式

Use Heron’s formula with semiperimeter 5252

大提示:

求出面积 KK 后,使用 abc=4KRabc=4KR,再将外接圆半径加倍

After finding the area K,K, use abc=4KRabc=4KR and double the circumradius

解答:

半周长为 5252,所以由海伦公式 K=52271312=468 K=\sqrt{52\cdot27\cdot13\cdot12}=468\text{。}RR 为外接圆半径,则 R=2539404468=1256 R=\frac{25\cdot39\cdot40}{4\cdot468}=\frac{125}{6}\text{。}因此直径为 2R=12532R=\frac{125}{3}

因此,正确答案是 B

The semiperimeter is 52,52, so Heron’s formula gives K=52271312=468. K=\sqrt{52\cdot27\cdot13\cdot12}=468. If RR is the circumradius, then R=2539404468=1256. R=\frac{25\cdot39\cdot40}{4\cdot468}=\frac{125}{6}. Hence the diameter is 2R=1253.2R=\frac{125}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

44.

方程 x2+bx+c=0x^2+bx+c=0 的两根均为大于 11 的实数。令 s=b+c+1s=b+c+1。则 ss

The roots of x2+bx+c=0x^2+bx+c=0 are both real and greater than 1.1. Let s=b+c+1.s=b+c+1. Then s:s:

可能小于零

may be less than zero

可能等于零

may be equal to zero

必大于零

must be greater than zero

必小于零

must be less than zero

必介于 1-111 之间

must be between 1-1 and 11

难度评级:1360
小提示:

设两根为 uuvv,并用韦达定理表示 b,cb,c

Call the two roots uu and vv and express b,cb,c using Vieta’s formulas

大提示:

1(u+v)+uv1-(u+v)+uv 因式分解

Factor 1(u+v)+uv1-(u+v)+uv

解答:

若两根为 u,v>1u,v>1,则 b=(u+v)b=-(u+v)c=uvc=uv。因此 s=1uv+uv=(u1)(v1)>0 \begin{aligned} s&=1-u-v+uv\\ &=(u-1)(v-1)>0 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此 ss 必大于零,正确答案是 C

If the roots are u,v>1,u,v>1, then b=(u+v)b=-(u+v) and c=uv.c=uv. Therefore s=1uv+uv=(u1)(v1)>0. \begin{aligned} s&=1-u-v+uv\\ &=(u-1)(v-1)>0. \end{aligned}

Thus ss must be greater than zero, and the correct answer is C.

45.

(log3x)(logx2x)(log2xy)=logxx2 \begin{aligned} &(\log_3x)(\log_x2x)(\log_{2x}y)\\ &\qquad=\log_xx^2 \end{aligned}\text{,}yy 等于:

If (log3x)(logx2x)(log2xy)=logxx2, \begin{aligned} &(\log_3x)(\log_x2x)(\log_{2x}y)\\ &\qquad=\log_xx^2, \end{aligned} then yy equals:

92\dfrac92

99

1818

2727

8181

知识点:对数裂项相消
难度评级:1280
小提示:

两次使用 (logab)(logbc)=logac(\log_a b)(\log_b c)=\log_a c

Use (logab)(logbc)=logac(\log_a b)(\log_b c)=\log_a c twice

大提示:

将整个左边化简为 log3y\log_3y

Simplify the entire left side to log3y\log_3y

解答:

这些对数逐项消去:(log3x)(logx2x)(log2xy)=log3y \begin{aligned} &(\log_3x)(\log_x2x)(\log_{2x}y)\\ &\qquad=\log_3y \end{aligned}\text{。}又因为 logxx2=2\log_xx^2=2,所以 log3y=2\log_3y=2,且 y=32=9y=3^2=9

因此,正确答案是 B

The logarithms telescope: (log3x)(logx2x)(log2xy)=log3y. \begin{aligned} &(\log_3x)(\log_x2x)(\log_{2x}y)\\ &\qquad=\log_3y. \end{aligned} Also logxx2=2,\log_xx^2=2, so log3y=2\log_3y=2 and y=32=9.y=3^2=9.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

46.

一名学生在为期 dd 天的假期中观察到:

(1)(1) 上午或下午共下雨 77 次;

(2)(2) 若下午下雨,则当天上午晴朗;

(3)(3) 有五个晴朗的下午;

(4)(4) 有六个晴朗的上午。

dd 等于:

A student on vacation for dd days observed that

(1)(1) it rained 77 times, morning or afternoon;

(2)(2) when it rained in the afternoon, it was clear in the morning;

(3)(3) there were five clear afternoons;

(4)(4) there were six clear mornings.

Then dd equals:

77

99

1010

1111

1212

难度评级:1590
小提示:

根据晴朗上午和下午的数量,分别计算下雨的上午与下午

Count rainy mornings and rainy afternoons from the numbers of clear half-days

大提示:

条件 (2)(2) 保证下雨的下午与下雨的上午不会发生在同一天

Condition (2)(2) ensures that a rainy afternoon and rainy morning never occur on the same day

解答:

下雨的上午有 d6d-6 个,下雨的下午有 d5d-5 个。由条件 (2)(2),可知这些下雨时段互不重合,总数为 77。因此 (d6)+(d5)=7 (d-6)+(d-5)=7\text{,}所以 2d=182d=18,且 d=9d=9

因此,正确答案是 B

There are d6d-6 rainy mornings and d5d-5 rainy afternoons. By condition (2),(2), these are distinct rainy occasions, and their total is 7.7. Hence (d6)+(d5)=7, (d-6)+(d-5)=7, so 2d=182d=18 and d=9.d=9.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

47.

假设下列三个陈述为真:

I. 所有新生都是人。

II. 所有学生都是人。

III. 有些学生会思考。

考虑下列四个陈述:

(1)(1) 所有新生都是学生。

(2)(2) 有些人会思考。

(3)(3) 没有新生会思考。

(4)(4) 有些会思考的人不是学生。

其中可由 I、II、III 逻辑推出的是:

Assume that the following three statements are true:

I. All freshmen are human.

II. All students are human.

III. Some students think.

Given the following four statements:

(1)(1) All freshmen are students.

(2)(2) Some humans think.

(3)(3) No freshmen think.

(4)(4) Some humans who think are not students.

Those which are logical consequences of I, II, and III are:

22

44

2233

2,2, 33

2244

2,2, 44

1122

1,1, 22

知识点:逻辑推理反例
难度评级:1320
小提示:

使用陈述 III 所断言存在的那个人

Use the person whose existence is asserted in statement III

大提示:

将“有些学生会思考”与“所有学生都是人”结合

Combine “some students think” with “all students are human”

解答:

陈述 III 保证至少存在一名会思考的学生。由陈述 II,该学生是人,所以有些人会思考,从而推出陈述 (2)(2)。题设没有说明新生与学生的关系,也没有说明新生是否会思考,更不能保证存在不属于学生的、会思考的人。因此 (1)(1)(3)(3)(4)(4) 都不能推出。

因此,正确答案是 A

Statement III supplies at least one student who thinks. By statement II, that student is human, so some human thinks and statement (2)(2) follows. Nothing relates freshmen to students, says whether freshmen think, or guarantees a thinking human outside the students. Thus none of (1),(1), (3),(3), or (4)(4) follows.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

48.

给定多项式 a0xn+a1xn1++an1x+an \begin{aligned} &a_0x^n+a_1x^{n-1}+\cdots\\ &\qquad{}+a_{n-1}x+a_n \end{aligned}\text{,}其中 nn 为正整数或零,a0a_0 为正整数,其余各个 aa 为整数或零。令 h=n+a0+a1+a2++an \begin{aligned} h={}&n+a_0+|a_1|+|a_2|\\ &{}+\cdots+|a_n| \end{aligned}\text{。}【例题 2525 说明了 x|x| 的含义。】满足 h=3h=3 的多项式个数为:

Given the polynomial a0xn+a1xn1++an1x+an, \begin{aligned} &a_0x^n+a_1x^{n-1}+\cdots\\ &\qquad{}+a_{n-1}x+a_n, \end{aligned} where nn is a positive integer or zero, and a0a_0 is a positive integer. The remaining aa’s are integers or zero. Set h=n+a0+a1+a2++an. \begin{aligned} h={}&n+a_0+|a_1|+|a_2|\\ &{}+\cdots+|a_n|. \end{aligned} [See example 2525 for the meaning of x.|x|.] The number of polynomials with h=3h=3 is:

33

55

66

77

99

难度评级:1730
小提示:

因为 n+a03n+a_0\le3a01a_0\ge1,只需考虑 n=0,1,2n=0,1,2

Since n+a03n+a_0\le3 and a01,a_0\ge1, consider only n=0,1,2n=0,1,2

大提示:

对每个次数,计算绝对值之和满足要求的整系数元组数量

For each degree, count the integer coefficient tuples with the required sum of absolute values

解答:

按次数分类计数。若 n=0n=0,则 a0=3a_0=3,得到一个多项式。若 n=1n=1,则 a0+a1=2 a_0+|a_1|=2\text{。}此时 a0=2,a1=0a_0=2,a_1=0a0=1,a1=±1a_0=1,a_1=\pm1,共有三个多项式。若 n=2n=2,则 a0=1a_0=1a1=a2=0a_1=a_2=0,再得一个。次数不可能更高。总数为 1+3+1=51+3+1=5

因此,正确答案是 B

We count by degree. If n=0,n=0, then a0=3,a_0=3, giving one polynomial. If n=1,n=1, then a0+a1=2. a_0+|a_1|=2. This gives a0=2,a1=0a_0=2,a_1=0 or a0=1,a1=±1,a_0=1,a_1=\pm1, for three polynomials. If n=2,n=2, then a0=1a_0=1 and a1=a2=0,a_1=a_2=0, giving one more. No higher degree is possible. The total is 1+3+1=5.1+3+1=5.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

49.

对无穷级数 11214+18116132+1641128 \begin{aligned} &1-\dfrac12-\dfrac14+\dfrac18\\ &{}-\dfrac1{16}-\dfrac1{32}+\dfrac1{64}\\ &{}-\dfrac1{128}-\cdots \end{aligned}\text{,}设其极限和为 SS。则 SS 等于:

For the infinite series 11214+18116132+1641128, \begin{aligned} &1-\dfrac12-\dfrac14+\dfrac18\\ &{}-\dfrac1{16}-\dfrac1{32}+\dfrac1{64}\\ &{}-\dfrac1{128}-\cdots, \end{aligned} let SS be the (limiting) sum. Then SS equals:

00

27\dfrac27

67\dfrac67

932\dfrac9{32}

2732\dfrac{27}{32}

难度评级:1590
小提示:

将各项依次每三项分成一组

Group the terms in consecutive blocks of three

大提示:

每一组都是前一组的 18\frac{1}{8}

Each block is 18\frac{1}{8} times the preceding block

解答:

将级数分组为 S=(11214)+(18116132)+ \begin{aligned} S={}&\left(1-\frac12-\frac14\right)\\ &+\left(\frac18-\frac1{16}-\frac1{32}\right) +\cdots \end{aligned}\text{。}第一组为 14\frac{1}{4},各组构成公比为 18\frac{1}{8} 的等比级数。因此 S=14118=27 S=\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{1-\frac{1}{8}}=\frac27\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Group the series as S=(11214)+(18116132)+. \begin{aligned} S={}&\left(1-\frac12-\frac14\right)\\ &+\left(\frac18-\frac1{16}-\frac1{32}\right) +\cdots. \end{aligned} The first block is 14,\frac{1}{4}, and successive blocks form a geometric series with ratio 18.\frac{1}{8}. Hence S=14118=27. S=\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{1-\frac{1}{8}}=\frac27.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

50.

一个有 xx 名成员的俱乐部按以下两条规则组成四个委员会:

(1)(1) 每名成员属于且只属于两个委员会。

(2)(2) 任意两个委员会恰有一名共同成员。

xx

A club with xx members is organized into four committees in accordance with these two rules:

(1)(1) Each member belongs to two and only two committees.

(2)(2) Each pair of committees has one and only one member in common.

Then x:x:

无法确定

cannot be determined

881616 之间恰有一个值

has a single value between 88 and 1616

881616 之间有两个值

has two values between 88 and 1616

4488 之间恰有一个值

has a single value between 44 and 88

4488 之间有两个值

has two values between 44 and 88

难度评级:1360
小提示:

将每名成员与其所属的两个委员会组成的无序对对应

Associate each member with the pair of committees to which that member belongs

大提示:

规则 (2)(2) 表明四个委员会中的每一对恰好出现一次

Rule (2)(2) says every pair of the four committees occurs exactly once

解答:

每名成员恰好对应一对无序的委员会。反之,每对委员会恰有一名共同成员。因此成员与四个委员会的两两组合一一对应,所以 x=(42)=6 x=\binom42=6\text{。}这是 4488 之间的唯一值。

因此,正确答案是 D

Each member belongs to exactly one unordered pair of committees. Conversely, each pair of committees has exactly one common member. Thus the members are in one-to-one correspondence with the pairs of four committees, so x=(42)=6. x=\binom42=6. This is a single value between 44 and 8.8.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.