2011 AIME I 第 1 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

A 瓶中有四升含酸量为 4545% 的溶液。B 瓶中有五升含酸量为 4848% 的溶液。C 瓶中有一升含酸量为 kk% 的溶液。从 C 瓶中取出 mn\frac{m}{n} 升加入 A 瓶,C 瓶中剩下的溶液加入 B 瓶。最后 A 瓶和 B 瓶中的溶液都含有 5050% 的酸。已知 mmnn 是互质的正整数,求 k+m+nk + m + n

Jar A contains four liters of a solution that is 4545% acid. Jar B contains five liters of a solution that is 4848% acid. Jar C contains one liter of a solution that is kk% acid. From jar C, mn\frac{m}{n} liters of the solution is added to jar A, and the remainder of the solution in jar C is added to jar B. At the end both jar A and jar B contain solutions that are 5050% acid. Given that mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers, find k+m+n.k + m + n.

答案:85
知识点:混合问题百分数
难度评级:1950
解答:

如果把三瓶全部混合,结果会是 1010 升含酸量为 5050% 的溶液,因为最后两瓶都是 5050% 酸。因此总酸量为 55 升,所以 4(0.45)+5(0.48)+0.01k=54(0.45) + 5(0.48) + 0.01k = 5,解得 k=80k = 80

现在设从 C 瓶倒入 A 瓶的量为 xx 升。A 瓶于是有 4+x4 + x 升溶液,其中含有 1.8+0.8x1.8 + 0.8x 升酸,所以 1.8+0.8x=0.5(4+x)1.8 + 0.8x = 0.5(4 + x),得 0.3x=0.20.3x = 0.2,因此 x=23x = \frac{2}{3}

所以 m+n=2+3=5m + n = 2 + 3 = 5,并且 k+m+n=80+5=85k + m + n = 80 + 5 = 85

If all three jars were combined, the result would be 1010 liters of 5050% acid, since both final jars are 5050% acid. The total acid is therefore 55 liters, so 4(0.45)+5(0.48)+0.01k=5,4(0.45) + 5(0.48) + 0.01k = 5, which gives k=80.k = 80.

Now let xx be the number of liters poured from jar C into jar A. Jar A then holds 4+x4 + x liters containing 1.8+0.8x1.8 + 0.8x liters of acid, so 1.8+0.8x=0.5(4+x),1.8 + 0.8x = 0.5(4 + x), giving 0.3x=0.2,0.3x = 0.2, so x=23.x = \frac{2}{3}.

Thus m+n=2+3=5,m + n = 2 + 3 = 5, and k+m+n=80+5=85.k + m + n = 80 + 5 = 85.

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