2020 AIME I 第 1 题

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1.

在满足 AB=ACAB = ACABC\triangle ABC 中,点 DD 严格位于边 AC\overline{AC}AACC 之间,点 EE 严格位于边 AB\overline{AB}AABB 之间,并且 AE=ED=DB=BCAE = ED = DB = BC。角 ABC\angle ABC 的度数为 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n

In ABC\triangle ABC with AB=AC,AB = AC, point DD lies strictly between AA and CC on side AC,\overline{AC}, and point EE lies strictly between AA and BB on side AB\overline{AB} such that AE=ED=DB=BC.AE = ED = DB = BC. The degree measure of ABC\angle ABC is mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:547
知识点:等腰三角形导角角度和
难度评级:2150
解答:

BAC=α\angle BAC = \alpha。因为 AE=EDAE = ED,三角形 AEDAED 是等腰三角形,且 ADE=DAE=α\angle ADE = \angle DAE = \alpha,所以 EE 点处的外角给出 DEB=2α\angle DEB = 2\alpha。又因为 ED=DBED = DB,三角形 EDBEDB 满足 DBE=DEB=2α\angle DBE = \angle DEB = 2\alpha,从而 EDB=1804α\angle EDB = 180^\circ - 4\alpha

DD 点处,位于线段 AC\overline{AC} 上的三个角之和为平角: α+(1804α)\alpha + (180^\circ - 4\alpha) +BDC=180+ \angle BDC = 180^\circ,所以 BDC=3α\angle BDC = 3\alpha。因为 DB=BCDB = BC,也有 BCD=BDC=3α\angle BCD = \angle BDC = 3\alpha。 又 AB=ACAB = AC,所以 ABC=ACB=3α\angle ABC = \angle ACB = 3\alpha,对 ABC\triangle ABC 求角和, 得 α+3α+3α=180\alpha + 3\alpha + 3\alpha = 180^\circ,因此 α=1807\alpha = \frac{180}{7} 度。

因此 ABC=3α=5407\angle ABC = 3\alpha = \frac{540}{7} 度,且 m+n=540+7=547m + n = 540 + 7 = 547

Let BAC=α.\angle BAC = \alpha. Since AE=ED,AE = ED, triangle AEDAED is isosceles with ADE=DAE=α,\angle ADE = \angle DAE = \alpha, so the exterior angle at EE gives DEB=2α.\angle DEB = 2\alpha. Since ED=DB,ED = DB, triangle EDBEDB has DBE=DEB=2α,\angle DBE = \angle DEB = 2\alpha, hence EDB=1804α.\angle EDB = 180^\circ - 4\alpha.

The three angles at DD on segment AC\overline{AC} sum to a straight angle: α+(1804α)\alpha + (180^\circ - 4\alpha) +BDC=180,+ \angle BDC = 180^\circ, so BDC=3α.\angle BDC = 3\alpha. Since DB=BC,DB = BC, also BCD=BDC=3α.\angle BCD = \angle BDC = 3\alpha. But AB=ACAB = AC makes ABC=ACB=3α,\angle ABC = \angle ACB = 3\alpha, so the angle sum of ABC\triangle ABC gives α+3α+3α=180,\alpha + 3\alpha + 3\alpha = 180^\circ, hence α=1807\alpha = \frac{180}{7} degrees.

Then ABC=3α=5407\angle ABC = 3\alpha = \frac{540}{7} degrees, and m+n=540+7=547.m + n = 540 + 7 = 547.

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