2019 AIME II 第 1 题

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1.

两个不同的点 CCDD, 位于直线 ABAB 的同一侧,使得 ABC\triangle ABCBAD\triangle BAD 全等,且 AB=9AB = 9BC=AD=10BC = AD = 10CA=DB=17CA = DB = 17。这两个三角形区域的交集面积为 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n

Two different points, CC and D,D, lie on the same side of line ABAB so that ABC\triangle ABC and BAD\triangle BAD are congruent with AB=9,AB = 9, BC=AD=10,BC = AD = 10, and CA=DB=17.CA = DB = 17. The intersection of these two triangular regions has area mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:59
知识点:坐标几何全等(几何)三角形面积
难度评级:2220
解答:

A=(0,0)A = (0, 0)B=(9,0)B = (9, 0)。由 CA=17CA = 17BC=10BC = 10,解 x2+y2=289x^2 + y^2 = 289(x9)2+y2=100(x - 9)^2 + y^2 = 100,得 C=(15,8)C = (15, 8)。全等关系 ABCBAD\triangle ABC \cong \triangle BAD 会交换 AABB,所以 DDCC 关于直线 x=92x = \frac{9}{2} 的反射,即 D=(6,8)D = (-6, 8)

一个点在三角形 ABCABC 内,当且仅当它在 AB\overline{AB} 上方或线上、在直线 ACACBB 一侧、并且在直线 BCBC; 的 AA 一侧;对三角形 BADBAD。 同理。在重叠部分中起限制作用的是 y0y \ge 0、直线 ACAC, 和直线 BDBD,所以交集是以 AB\overline{AB} 为底、顶点 E=ACBDE = AC \cap BD 的三角形。直线 ACACy=8x15y = \frac{8x}{15},直线 BDBDy=8(x9)15y = -\frac{8(x - 9)}{15},两者交于 E=(92,125)E = \left(\frac{9}{2}, \frac{12}{5}\right)

面积为 所以 m+n=54+5=59m + n = 54 + 5 = 59129125=545,\frac{1}{2} \cdot 9 \cdot \frac{12}{5} = \frac{54}{5},

Place A=(0,0)A = (0, 0) and B=(9,0).B = (9, 0). From CA=17CA = 17 and BC=10,BC = 10, solving x2+y2=289x^2 + y^2 = 289 and (x9)2+y2=100(x - 9)^2 + y^2 = 100 gives C=(15,8).C = (15, 8). The congruence ABCBAD\triangle ABC \cong \triangle BAD swaps AA and B,B, so DD is the reflection of CC across the line x=92,x = \frac{9}{2}, namely D=(6,8).D = (-6, 8).

A point lies in triangle ABCABC exactly when it is on or above AB,\overline{AB}, on BB's side of line AC,AC, and on AA's side of line BC;BC; similarly for triangle BAD.BAD. In the overlap the binding constraints are y0,y \ge 0, line AC,AC, and line BD,BD, so the intersection is the triangle with base AB\overline{AB} and apex E=ACBD.E = AC \cap BD. Line ACAC is y=8x15y = \frac{8x}{15} and line BDBD is y=8(x9)15,y = -\frac{8(x - 9)}{15}, which meet at E=(92,125).E = \left(\frac{9}{2}, \frac{12}{5}\right).

The area is 129125=545,\frac{1}{2} \cdot 9 \cdot \frac{12}{5} = \frac{54}{5}, so m+n=54+5=59.m + n = 54 + 5 = 59.

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