2017 AIME II 第 1 题

先试着解答 2017 AIME II 第 1 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2017 AIME II 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\} 的子集中,有多少个既不是 {1,2,3,4,5}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\} 的子集,也不是 {4,5,6,7,8}\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\} 的子集。

Find the number of subsets of {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\} that are subsets of neither {1,2,3,4,5}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\} nor {4,5,6,7,8}.\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}.

答案:196
知识点:子集容斥原理
难度评级:1890
解答:

总共有 28=2562^8 = 256 个子集。要排除的是包含在 {1,2,3,4,5}\{1,2,3,4,5\} 中的子集(有 25=322^5 = 32 个),或包含在 {4,5,6,7,8}\{4,5,6,7,8\} 中的子集(也有 3232 个)。同时属于两者的子集正好是交集 {4,5}\{4, 5\} 的子集,共有 22=42^2 = 4 个。

由容斥,失败的子集有 32+324=6032 + 32 - 4 = 60 个,因此满足要求的子集有 25660=196256 - 60 = 196 个。

There are 28=2562^8 = 256 subsets in all. The ones to exclude are those contained in {1,2,3,4,5}\{1,2,3,4,5\} (there are 25=322^5 = 32) or contained in {4,5,6,7,8}\{4,5,6,7,8\} (another 3232). A subset of both is exactly a subset of the intersection {4,5},\{4, 5\}, and there are 22=42^2 = 4 of those.

By inclusion-exclusion, 32+324=6032 + 32 - 4 = 60 subsets fail, so 25660=196256 - 60 = 196 subsets have the required property.

完整试卷

其他年份的第 1 题