2010 AIME I 第 1 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

Maya 列出 201022010^2 的所有正因数。然后她从这个列表中随机选出两个不同的因数。设 pp 为所选两个因数中恰有一个是完全平方数的概率。概率 pp 可表示为 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n

Maya lists all the positive divisors of 20102.2010^2. She then randomly selects two distinct divisors from this list. Let pp be the probability that exactly one of the selected divisors is a perfect square. The probability pp can be expressed in the form mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:107
知识点:因数个数完全平方数基本概率
难度评级:2110
解答:

因为 20102=2232526722010^2 = 2^2 \cdot 3^2 \cdot 5^2 \cdot 67^2,所以它有 (2+1)4=81(2+1)^4 = 81 个正因数。一个因数是完全平方数当且仅当它的四个指数都为 0022,因此有 24=162^4 = 16 个完全平方数,另有 8116=6581 - 16 = 65 个非平方数。

选到两类各一个的概率为 所以 m+n=26+81=107m + n = 26 + 81 = 107p=1665(812)=10403240=2681,p = \frac{16 \cdot 65}{\binom{81}{2}} = \frac{1040}{3240} = \frac{26}{81},

Since 20102=223252672,2010^2 = 2^2 \cdot 3^2 \cdot 5^2 \cdot 67^2, it has (2+1)4=81(2+1)^4 = 81 positive divisors. A divisor is a perfect square exactly when each of its four exponents is 00 or 2,2, giving 24=162^4 = 16 perfect squares and 8116=6581 - 16 = 65 non-squares.

The probability of picking one of each is p=1665(812)=10403240=2681,p = \frac{16 \cdot 65}{\binom{81}{2}} = \frac{1040}{3240} = \frac{26}{81}, so m+n=26+81=107.m + n = 26 + 81 = 107.

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