2004 AIME I 第 1 题

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1.

正整数 nn 的各位数字从左到右读时,是四个连续整数按递减顺序排列。nn 除以 3737 时,所有可能余数的和是多少?

The digits of a positive integer nn are four consecutive integers in decreasing order when read from left to right. What is the sum of the possible remainders when nn is divided by 37?37?

答案:217
知识点:位值模运算
难度评级:1890
解答:

若首位数字是 aa, 则四个数字为 aaa1a - 1a2a - 2a3a - 3 其中 a=3,4,,9a = 3, 4, \ldots, 9, 所以 n=1000a+100(a1)+10(a2)+(a3)=1111a123. \begin{aligned} n &= 1000a + 100(a-1) \\ &\quad {}+ 10(a-2) + (a-3) \\ &= 1111a - 123. \end{aligned}

因为 1111=3037+11111 = 30 \cdot 37 + 1123=337+12123 = 3 \cdot 37 + 12 可得 na12a+25(mod37)n \equiv a - 12 \equiv a + 25 \pmod{37}。 当 a=3,,9a = 3, \ldots, 9 时,数值 a+25a + 25 依次为 28,29,,3428, 29, \ldots, 34 都已经小于 3737, 因此它们正是七个可能余数。

它们的和是 28+29++3428 + 29 + \cdots + 34 =731=217= 7 \cdot 31 = 217

If the leading digit is a,a, the digits are a,a, a1,a - 1, a2,a - 2, a3a - 3 with a=3,4,,9,a = 3, 4, \ldots, 9, so n=1000a+100(a1)+10(a2)+(a3)=1111a123. \begin{aligned} n &= 1000a + 100(a-1) \\ &\quad {}+ 10(a-2) + (a-3) \\ &= 1111a - 123. \end{aligned}

Since 1111=3037+11111 = 30 \cdot 37 + 1 and 123=337+12,123 = 3 \cdot 37 + 12, we get na12a+25(mod37).n \equiv a - 12 \equiv a + 25 \pmod{37}. For a=3,,9a = 3, \ldots, 9 the values a+25a + 25 run through 28,29,,34,28, 29, \ldots, 34, each already less than 37,37, so these are exactly the seven possible remainders.

Their sum is 28+29++3428 + 29 + \cdots + 34 =731=217.= 7 \cdot 31 = 217.

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