2004 AIME I 第 1 题

先试着解答 2004 AIME I 第 1 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2004 AIME I 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

正整数 nn 的各位数字从左到右读时,是四个连续整数按递减顺序排列。nn 除以 3737 时,所有可能余数的和是多少?
The digits of a positive integer nn are four consecutive integers in decreasing order when read from left to right. What is the sum of the possible remainders when nn is divided by 37?37?
答案:217
知识点:位值模运算
小提示:
把这个数写成 1111a−1231111a - 123,其中 aa 是首位数字,且 a=3,4,…,9a = 3, 4, \ldots, 9
Write the number as 1111a−123,1111a - 123, where aa is its leading digit and a=3,4,…,9a = 3, 4, \ldots, 9
大提示:
因为 1111=30⋅37+11111 = 30 \cdot 37 + 1,所以 nn 的余数是 a+25a + 25,这个数已经小于 3737
Since 1111=30⋅37+1,1111 = 30 \cdot 37 + 1, the remainder of nn is a+25,a + 25, which is already less than 3737
解答:
若首位数字是 aa,则四个数字为 aa、a−1a - 1、a−2a - 2、a−3a - 3,其中 a=3,4,…,9a = 3, 4, \ldots, 9,所以 n=1000a+100(a−1)+10(a−2)+(a−3)=1111a−123。 \begin{aligned} n &= 1000a + 100(a-1) \\ &\quad {}+ 10(a-2) + (a-3) \\ &= 1111a - 123 \end{aligned}\text{。}
因为 1111=30⋅37+11111 = 30 \cdot 37 + 1 且 123=3⋅37+12123 = 3 \cdot 37 + 12 可得 n≡a−12≡a+25(mod37)n \equiv a - 12 \equiv a + 25 \pmod{37}。当 a=3,…,9a = 3, \ldots, 9 时,数值 a+25a + 25 依次为 28,29,…,3428, 29, \ldots, 34 都已经小于 3737,因此它们正是七个可能余数。
它们的和是 28+29+⋯+3428 + 29 + \cdots + 34 =7⋅31=217= 7 \cdot 31 = 217。
If the leading digit is a,a, the digits are a,a, a−1,a - 1, a−2,a - 2, a−3a - 3 with a=3,4,…,9,a = 3, 4, \ldots, 9, so n=1000a+100(a−1)+10(a−2)+(a−3)=1111a−123. \begin{aligned} n &= 1000a + 100(a-1) \\ &\quad {}+ 10(a-2) + (a-3) \\ &= 1111a - 123. \end{aligned}
Since 1111=30⋅37+11111 = 30 \cdot 37 + 1 and 123=3⋅37+12,123 = 3 \cdot 37 + 12, we get n≡a−12≡a+25(mod37).n \equiv a - 12 \equiv a + 25 \pmod{37}. For a=3,…,9a = 3, \ldots, 9 the values a+25a + 25 run through 28,29,…,34,28, 29, \ldots, 34, each already less than 37,37, so these are exactly the seven possible remainders.
Their sum is 28+29+⋯+3428 + 29 + \cdots + 34 =7⋅31=217.= 7 \cdot 31 = 217.
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