1967 AMC 12 真题

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1.

三位数 2a32a3 加上数 326326,得到三位数 5b95b9。若 5b95b9 能被 99 整除,则 a+ba+b 等于:

The three-digit number 2a32a3 is added to the number 326326 to give the three-digit number 5b9.5b9. If 5b95b9 is divisible by 9,9, then a+ba+b equals:

22

44

66

88

99

答案:C
知识点:位值整除性
难度评级:1260
小提示:

利用 5b95b9 的各位数字之和

Use the digit sum of 5b95b9

大提示:

求出 bb 后,比较加法算式中的十位数字

After finding b,b, compare the tens digits in the addition

解答:

能被 99 整除要求 5+b+95+b+999 的倍数。因为 bb 是一位数字,所以 b=4b=4。此时加法为 2a3+326=5492a3+326=549,所以 a=2a=2。因此 a+b=6a+b=6

因此,正确答案是 C

Divisibility by 99 requires 5+b+95+b+9 to be a multiple of 9.9. Since bb is a digit, this gives b=4.b=4. The addition is then 2a3+326=549,2a3+326=549, so a=2.a=2. Hence a+b=6.a+b=6.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

2.

下列表达式

(x2+1x)(y2+1y)+(x21y)(y21x),xy0 \begin{aligned} &\left(\frac{x^2+1}{x}\right) \left(\frac{y^2+1}{y}\right)\\ &\quad+ \left(\frac{x^2-1}{y}\right) \left(\frac{y^2-1}{x}\right),\\ &\qquad xy\ne0 \end{aligned}\text{,}

等于:

An equivalent of the expression

(x2+1x)(y2+1y)+(x21y)(y21x),xy0, \begin{aligned} &\left(\frac{x^2+1}{x}\right) \left(\frac{y^2+1}{y}\right)\\ &\quad+ \left(\frac{x^2-1}{y}\right) \left(\frac{y^2-1}{x}\right),\\ &\qquad xy\ne0, \end{aligned}

is:

11

2xy2xy

2x2y2+22x^2y^2+2

2xy+2xy2xy+\dfrac{2}{xy}

2xy+2yx\dfrac{2x}{y}+\dfrac{2y}{x}

答案:D
知识点:代数变形分数
难度评级:1450
小提示:

将每个乘积展开成四项

Expand each product into four terms

大提示:

寻找 xy\frac{x}{y} 项与 yx\frac{y}{x} 项的相消

Look for cancellation of the xy\frac{x}{y} and yx\frac{y}{x} terms

解答:

第一个乘积为 xy+xy+yx+1xy xy+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac1{xy}\text{,}第二个乘积为 xyxyyx+1xy xy-\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}+\frac1{xy}\text{。}两者相加得到 2xy+2xy2xy+\frac{2}{xy}

因此,正确答案是 D

The first product is xy+xy+yx+1xy, xy+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac1{xy}, while the second is xyxyyx+1xy. xy-\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}+\frac1{xy}. Adding gives 2xy+2xy.2xy+\frac{2}{xy}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

3.

一个等边三角形的边长为 ss。该三角形内切一个圆,该圆又内接一个正方形。正方形的面积为:

The side of an equilateral triangle is s.s. A circle is inscribed in the triangle and a square is inscribed in the circle. The area of the square is:

s224\dfrac{s^2}{24}

s26\dfrac{s^2}{6}

s226\dfrac{s^2\sqrt2}{6}

s236\dfrac{s^2\sqrt3}{6}

s23\dfrac{s^2}{3}

答案:B
难度评级:1430
小提示:

边长为 ss 的等边三角形,其内切圆半径为 s36\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}

The inradius of an equilateral triangle of side ss is s36\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}

大提示:

正方形的对角线等于圆的直径

The square’s diagonal is the circle’s diameter

解答:

内切圆半径为 r=s36r=\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}。内接正方形的对角线长为 2r2r,所以其面积为该对角线平方的一半:(2r)22=2r2=2(s36)2=s26 \begin{aligned} \frac{(2r)^2}{2} &=2r^2\\ &=2\left(\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}\right)^2\\ &=\frac{s^2}{6} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The inradius is r=s36.r=\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}. The inscribed square has diagonal 2r,2r, so its area is half the square of that diagonal: (2r)22=2r2=2(s36)2=s26. \begin{aligned} \frac{(2r)^2}{2} &=2r^2\\ &=2\left(\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}\right)^2\\ &=\frac{s^2}{6}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

4.

已知 logap=logbq=logcr=logx\dfrac{\log a}{p}=\dfrac{\log b}{q}=\dfrac{\log c}{r}=\log x,所有对数的底相同,且 x1x\ne1。若 b2ac=xy\dfrac{b^2}{ac}=x^y,则 yy 为:

Given logap=logbq=logcr=logx,\dfrac{\log a}{p}=\dfrac{\log b}{q}=\dfrac{\log c}{r}=\log x, all logarithms to the same base and x1.x\ne1. If b2ac=xy,\dfrac{b^2}{ac}=x^y, then yy is:

q2p+r\dfrac{q^2}{p+r}

p+r2q\dfrac{p+r}{2q}

2qpr2q-p-r

2qpr2q-pr

q2prq^2-pr

答案:C
难度评级:1210
小提示:

将这些对数等式改写为 a=xpa=x^pb=xqb=x^qc=xrc=x^r

Rewrite the logarithmic equalities as a=xp,a=x^p, b=xq,b=x^q, and c=xrc=x^r

大提示:

将这些幂代入 b2ac\frac{b^2}{ac}

Substitute those powers into b2ac\frac{b^2}{ac}

解答:

所给等式说明 a=xpa=x^pb=xqb=x^qc=xrc=x^r。因此 b2ac=x2qpr \frac{b^2}{ac} =x^{2q-p-r}\text{。}因为它等于 xyx^y,且 x1x\ne1,所以 y=2qpry=2q-p-r

因此,正确答案是 C

The given equalities imply a=xp,a=x^p, b=xq,b=x^q, and c=xr.c=x^r. Therefore b2ac=x2qpr. \frac{b^2}{ac} =x^{2q-p-r}. Since this is xyx^y and x1,x\ne1, we have y=2qpr.y=2q-p-r.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

5.

一个三角形外切于半径为 rr 英寸的圆。若三角形的周长为 PP 英寸,面积为 KK 平方英寸,则 PK\frac{P}{K} 为:

A triangle is circumscribed about a circle of radius rr inches. If the perimeter of the triangle is PP inches and the area is KK square inches, then PK\frac{P}{K} is:

rr 的值无关

independent of the value of rr

2r\dfrac{\sqrt2}{r}

2r\dfrac{2}{\sqrt r}

2r\dfrac2r

r2\dfrac r2

答案:D
难度评级:1440
小提示:

将三角形分成三个高为 rr 的小三角形

Split the triangle into three smaller triangles with altitude rr

大提示:

用半周长 P2\frac{P}{2} 表示 KK

Express KK using the semiperimeter P2\frac{P}{2}

解答:

连接圆心与三个切点的半径,把三角形分成若干小三角形,它们的总面积为 K=12r(a+b+c)=Pr2 K=\frac12r(a+b+c)=\frac{Pr}{2}\text{。}因此 PK=2r\frac{P}{K}=\frac{2}{r}

因此,正确答案是 D

The three radii to the points of tangency split the triangle into smaller triangles whose total area is K=12r(a+b+c)=Pr2. K=\frac12r(a+b+c)=\frac{Pr}{2}. Hence PK=2r.\frac{P}{K}=\frac{2}{r}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

6.

f(x)=4xf(x)=4^x,则 f(x+1)f(x)f(x+1)-f(x) 等于:

If f(x)=4x,f(x)=4^x, then f(x+1)f(x)f(x+1)-f(x) equals:

44

f(x)f(x)

2f(x)2f(x)

3f(x)3f(x)

4f(x)4f(x)

答案:D
知识点:函数指数
难度评级:960
小提示:

4x+14^{x+1} 写成 44x4\cdot4^x

Write 4x+14^{x+1} as 44x4\cdot4^x

大提示:

从差中提取公因式 4x4^x

Factor 4x4^x from the difference

解答:

我们有 f(x+1)=4x+1=4f(x)f(x+1)=4^{x+1}=4f(x)。因此 f(x+1)f(x)=3f(x)f(x+1)-f(x)=3f(x)

因此,正确答案是 D

We have f(x+1)=4x+1=4f(x).f(x+1)=4^{x+1}=4f(x). Therefore f(x+1)f(x)=3f(x).f(x+1)-f(x)=3f(x).

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

ab<cd\dfrac ab\lt-\dfrac cd,其中 aabbccdd 为实数且 bd0bd\ne0,则:

If ab<cd,\dfrac ab\lt-\dfrac cd, where a,a, b,b, c,c, dd are real numbers and bd0,bd\ne0, then:

aa 必须为负数

aa must be negative

aa 必须为正数

aa must be positive

aa 必须不为零

aa must not be zero

aa 可以为负数或零,但不能为正数

aa can be negative or zero, but not positive

aa 可以为正数、负数或零

aa can be positive, negative, or zero

答案:E
知识点:不等式反例
难度评级:1430
小提示:

b,d0b,d\ne0 外,b,c,db,c,d 的符号不受限制

The signs of b,c,db,c,d are unrestricted except that b,d0b,d\ne0

大提示:

尝试令 b=d=1b=d=1,并选择 cc 使右边为正数

Try b=d=1b=d=1 and choose cc so that the right side is positive

解答:

b=d=1b=d=1c=2c=-2。不等式变为 a<2a\lt2,正数、零和负数中的一些 aa 值都能满足它。因此,三种可能的符号都不是必然的。

因此,正确答案是 E

Take b=d=1b=d=1 and c=2.c=-2. The inequality becomes a<2,a\lt2, which is satisfied by positive, zero, and negative values of a.a. Thus none of the three possible signs is forced.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

8.

mm 盎司浓度为 m%m\% 的酸溶液中加入 xx 盎司水,得到浓度为 (m10)%(m-10)\% 的溶液。若 m>25m\gt25,则 xx 为:

To mm ounces of an m%m\% solution of acid, xx ounces of water are added to yield an (m10)%(m-10)\% solution. If m>25,m\gt25, then xx is:

10mm10\dfrac{10m}{m-10}

5mm10\dfrac{5m}{m-10}

mm10\dfrac{m}{m-10}

5mm20\dfrac{5m}{m-20}

无法由已知信息确定

not determined by the given information

答案:A
难度评级:1500
小提示:

酸的量保持为 m2100\frac{m^2}{100} 盎司

The amount of acid remains m2100\frac{m^2}{100} ounces

大提示:

令它等于 m10100\frac{m-10}{100} 乘以最终体积 m+xm+x

Set that equal to m10100\frac{m-10}{100} times the final volume m+xm+x

解答:

由酸的量守恒可得 m2100=m10100(m+x) \frac{m^2}{100} =\frac{m-10}{100}(m+x)\text{。}因此 m2=(m10)(m+x)m^2=(m-10)(m+x),所以 10m=(m10)x10m=(m-10)x,并且 x=10mm10 x=\frac{10m}{m-10}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Conservation of acid gives m2100=m10100(m+x). \frac{m^2}{100} =\frac{m-10}{100}(m+x). Hence m2=(m10)(m+x),m^2=(m-10)(m+x), so 10m=(m10)x10m=(m-10)x and x=10mm10. x=\frac{10m}{m-10}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

9.

KK 是一个梯形的面积,单位为平方单位,并且该梯形的短底、高、长底依次成等差数列。则:

Let K,K, in square units, be the area of a trapezoid such that the shorter base, the altitude, and the longer base, in that order, are in arithmetic progression. Then:

KK 必须是整数

KK must be an integer

KK 必须是有理分数

KK must be a rational fraction

KK 必须是无理数

KK must be an irrational number

KK 必须是整数或有理分数

KK must be an integer or a rational fraction

(A)(A)(B)(B)(C)(C)(D)(D) 单独看都不成立

taken alone neither (A)(A) nor (B)(B) nor (C)(C) nor (D)(D) is true

答案:E
难度评级:1650
小提示:

将三个长度写成 ada-daaa+da+d

Write the three lengths as ad,a-d, a,a, and a+da+d

大提示:

所得面积为 a2a^2,但题目没有限制 aa 是哪一类数

The resulting area is a2,a^2, but the problem does not restrict the kind of number aa is

解答:

设短底、高、长底分别为 ada-daaa+da+d。则 K=12a((ad)+(a+d))=a2 \begin{aligned} K&=\frac12a\bigl((a-d)+(a+d)\bigr)\\ &=a^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}aa 的取值不同,它可以是整数、非整数有理数或无理数。选项 (A) 至 (D) 中没有一项必然成立。

因此,正确答案是 E

Let the shorter base, altitude, and longer base be ad,a-d, a,a, and a+d.a+d. Then K=12a((ad)+(a+d))=a2. \begin{aligned} K&=\frac12a\bigl((a-d)+(a+d)\bigr)\\ &=a^2. \end{aligned} Depending on a,a, this can be an integer, a nonintegral rational number, or an irrational number. No one of choices (A) through (D) must hold.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

10.

a10x1+b10x+2=210x+3(10x1)(10x+2) \begin{aligned} &\frac{a}{10^x-1}+\frac{b}{10^x+2}\\ &\qquad=\frac{2\cdot10^x+3} {(10^x-1)(10^x+2)} \end{aligned}

对于 xx 的所有正有理数值都是恒等式,则 aba-b 的值为:

If

a10x1+b10x+2=210x+3(10x1)(10x+2) \begin{aligned} &\frac{a}{10^x-1}+\frac{b}{10^x+2}\\ &\qquad=\frac{2\cdot10^x+3} {(10^x-1)(10^x+2)} \end{aligned}

is an identity for positive rational values of x,x, then the value of aba-b is:

43\dfrac43

53\dfrac53

22

114\dfrac{11}{4}

33

答案:A
难度评级:1500
小提示:

两边乘以 (10x1)(10x+2)(10^x-1)(10^x+2)

Multiply by (10x1)(10x+2)(10^x-1)(10^x+2)

大提示:

比较 10x10^x 的系数与常数项

Compare the coefficient of 10x10^x and the constant term

解答:

清除分母得到 a(10x+2)+b(10x1)=210x+3 \begin{aligned} &a(10^x+2)+b(10^x-1)\\ &\qquad=2\cdot10^x+3 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 a+b=2a+b=2,且 2ab=32a-b=3。解得 a=53, b=13a=\frac{5}{3},\ b=\frac{1}{3},所以 ab=43a-b=\frac{4}{3}

因此,正确答案是 A

Clearing denominators gives a(10x+2)+b(10x1)=210x+3. \begin{aligned} &a(10^x+2)+b(10^x-1)\\ &\qquad=2\cdot10^x+3. \end{aligned} Therefore a+b=2a+b=2 and 2ab=3.2a-b=3. Solving gives a=53, b=13,a=\frac{5}{3},\ b=\frac{1}{3}, so ab=43.a-b=\frac{4}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

11.

若矩形 ABCDABCD 的周长为 2020 英寸,则对角线 ACAC 长度的最小值(单位:英寸)为:

If the perimeter of rectangle ABCDABCD is 2020 inches, the least value of diagonal AC,AC, in inches, is:

00

50\sqrt{50}

1010

200\sqrt{200}

以上都不是

none of these

答案:B
难度评级:1440
小提示:

若相邻两边长为 xx10x10-x,求对角线长度的平方

If adjacent sides are xx and 10x,10-x, square the diagonal

大提示:

x2+(10x)2x^2+(10-x)^2 配方

Complete the square in x2+(10x)2x^2+(10-x)^2

解答:

设相邻两边长为 xx10x10-x。则 AC2=x2+(10x)2=2(x5)2+50 \begin{aligned} AC^2&=x^2+(10-x)^2\\ &=2(x-5)^2+50 \end{aligned}\text{。}x=5x=5 时该式最小,从而 AC=50AC=\sqrt{50}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let adjacent sides be xx and 10x.10-x. Then AC2=x2+(10x)2=2(x5)2+50. \begin{aligned} AC^2&=x^2+(10-x)^2\\ &=2(x-5)^2+50. \end{aligned} This is minimized at x=5,x=5, giving AC=50.AC=\sqrt{50}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

12.

若由 xx 轴以及直线 y=mx+4y=mx+4x=1x=1x=4x=4 围成的(凸)区域面积为 77,则 mm 等于:

If the (convex) area bounded by the xx-axis and the lines y=mx+4,y=mx+4, x=1,x=1, and x=4x=4 is 7,7, then mm equals:

12-\dfrac12

23-\dfrac23

32-\dfrac32

2-2

以上都不是

none of these

答案:B
难度评级:1480
小提示:

两条平行竖边的长度为 m+4m+44m+44m+4

The parallel vertical sides have lengths m+4m+4 and 4m+44m+4

大提示:

它们之间的距离为 33,所以使用梯形面积公式

Their separation is 33, so use the trapezoid-area formula

解答:

围成的区域是一个梯形,其两条平行边长为 m+4m+44m+44m+4,间距为 33。因此 32((m+4)+(4m+4))=7 \frac32\bigl((m+4)+(4m+4)\bigr)=7\text{。}所以 15m+24=1415m+24=14,从而 m=23m=-\frac{2}{3}。两端的高度都为正,符合题中凸区域的要求。

因此,正确答案是 B

The bounded region is a trapezoid with parallel sides m+4m+4 and 4m+4,4m+4, separated by 3.3. Thus 32((m+4)+(4m+4))=7. \frac32\bigl((m+4)+(4m+4)\bigr)=7. Hence 15m+24=14,15m+24=14, so m=23.m=-\frac{2}{3}. The endpoint heights are positive, as required for the stated convex region.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

13.

已知边 aa(角 AA 的对边)、角 BB 以及从 CC 引出的高 hch_c,要作三角形 ABCABC。若不全等解的个数为 NN,则 NN

A triangle ABCABC is to be constructed given side aa (opposite angle AA), angle B,B, and hc,h_c, the altitude from C.C. If NN is the number of noncongruent solutions, then NN

11

is 11

22

is 22

必为零

must be zero

必为无限

must be infinite

必为零或无限

must be zero or infinite

答案:E
难度评级:2030
小提示:

固定 BC=aBC=a,并从 BB 作一条与其构成已知角的射线

Fix BC=aBC=a and draw the ray from BB making the given angle

大提示:

无论 AA 位于该射线的何处,CC 到该射线的距离都是固定的

The distance from CC to that ray is fixed, regardless of where AA lies on it

解答:

固定 BC=aBC=a,并从 BB 作一条构成已知角 BB 的射线。点 CC 到该射线的距离是固定的。若这个距离不等于 hch_c,则无解;若等于 hch_c,则可在射线上无限多个位置选择 AA,从而得到无限多个互不全等的三角形。因此 NN 必为零或无限。

因此,正确答案是 E

Fix BC=aBC=a and draw the ray from BB that makes the prescribed angle B.B. Its distance from CC is fixed. If that distance is not hc,h_c, there is no solution. If it is hc,h_c, then AA may be chosen at infinitely many positions on the ray, producing infinitely many noncongruent triangles. Thus NN must be zero or infinite.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

14.

f(t)=t1tf(t)=\dfrac{t}{1-t},且 t1t\ne1。若 y=f(x)y=f(x),则 xx 可表示为:

Let f(t)=t1t,f(t)=\dfrac{t}{1-t}, t1.t\ne1. If y=f(x),y=f(x), then xx can be expressed as:

f(1y)f\left(\dfrac1y\right)

f(y)-f(y)

f(y)-f(-y)

f(y)f(-y)

f(y)f(y)

答案:C
难度评级:1180
小提示:

y=x1xy=\frac{x}{1-x} 解出 xx

Solve y=x1xy=\frac{x}{1-x} for xx

大提示:

比较 y1+y\frac{y}{1+y}f(y)f(-y)

Compare y1+y\frac{y}{1+y} with f(y)f(-y)

解答:

y=x1xy=\frac{x}{1-x} 可得 yyx=xy-yx=x,所以 x=y1+y x=\frac{y}{1+y}\text{。}因为 f(y)=y1+yf(-y)=-\frac{y}{1+y},这就是 f(y)-f(-y)

因此,正确答案是 C

From y=x1xy=\frac{x}{1-x} we obtain yyx=x,y-yx=x, so x=y1+y. x=\frac{y}{1+y}. Since f(y)=y1+y,f(-y)=-\frac{y}{1+y}, this is f(y).-f(-y).

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

15.

两个相似三角形的面积相差 1818 平方英尺,且较大面积与较小面积之比是某个整数的平方。较小三角形的面积(单位:平方英尺)是整数,其一条边长为 33 英尺。较大三角形的对应边长(单位:英尺)为:

The difference in the areas of two similar triangles is 1818 square feet, and the ratio of the larger area to the smaller is the square of an integer. The area of the smaller triangle, in square feet, is an integer, and one of its sides is 33 feet. The corresponding side of the larger triangle, in feet, is:

1212

99

626\sqrt2

66

323\sqrt2

答案:D
难度评级:1850
小提示:

设整数边长比例因子为 kk

Let the integer side-scale factor be kk

大提示:

若较小面积为 TT,则 T(k21)=18T(k^2-1)=18

If the smaller area is T,T, then T(k21)=18T(k^2-1)=18

解答:

设边长比例因子为整数 k>1k\gt1,较小面积为整数 TT。则 T(k21)=18 T(k^2-1)=18\text{。}因此 k21k^2-11818 的正因数。所得 k2k^2 中唯一的完全平方数是 44,所以 k=2k=2。对应边长为 3k=63k=6

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the side-scale factor be the integer k>1k\gt1 and the smaller area be the integer T.T. Then T(k21)=18. T(k^2-1)=18. Thus k21k^2-1 is a positive divisor of 18.18. The only resulting square k2k^2 is 4,4, so k=2.k=2. The corresponding side is 3k=6.3k=6.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

16.

乘积 (12)(15)(16)(12)(15)(16) 中每个因数都用 bb 进制表示,并且该乘积等于 bb 进制的 31463146。设 s=12+15+16s=12+15+16,其中每一项都用 bb 进制表示。则用 bb 进制表示的 ss 为:

Let the product (12)(15)(16),(12)(15)(16), each factor written in base b,b, equal 31463146 in base b.b. Let s=12+15+16,s=12+15+16, each term expressed in base b.b. Then s,s, in base b,b, is:

4343

4444

4545

4646

4747

答案:B
难度评级:2130
小提示:

将三个因数与 3146b3146_b 转换成关于 bb 的多项式

Translate the three factors and 3146b3146_b into polynomials in bb

大提示:

所得三次方程的有效进制底数为 b=9b=9

The resulting cubic has the valid base b=9b=9

解答:

乘积方程为 (b+2)(b+5)(b+6)=3b3+b2+4b+6 \begin{aligned} &(b+2)(b+5)(b+6)\\ &\qquad=3b^3+b^2+4b+6 \end{aligned}\text{。}化简为 b36b224b27=0,(b9)(b2+3b+3)=0 \begin{aligned} b^3-6b^2-24b-27&=0,\\ (b-9)(b^2+3b+3)&=0 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此,有效的进制底数为 b=9b=9。所求的和为 3b+13=4b+43b+13=4b+4,也就是 44b44_b

因此,正确答案是 B

The product equation is (b+2)(b+5)(b+6)=3b3+b2+4b+6. \begin{aligned} &(b+2)(b+5)(b+6)\\ &\qquad=3b^3+b^2+4b+6. \end{aligned} It simplifies to b36b224b27=0,(b9)(b2+3b+3)=0. \begin{aligned} b^3-6b^2-24b-27&=0,\\ (b-9)(b^2+3b+3)&=0. \end{aligned} Thus the valid base is b=9.b=9. The required sum is 3b+13=4b+4,3b+13=4b+4, which is 44b.44_b.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

17.

r1r_1r2r_2x2+px+8=0x^2+px+8=0 的两个不同实根,则必有:

If r1r_1 and r2r_2 are the distinct real roots of x2+px+8=0,x^2+px+8=0, then it must follow that:

r1+r2>42\lvert r_1+r_2\rvert\gt4\sqrt2

r1>3\lvert r_1\rvert\gt3r2>3\lvert r_2\rvert\gt3

r1>3\lvert r_1\rvert\gt3 or r2>3\lvert r_2\rvert\gt3

r1>2\lvert r_1\rvert\gt2r2>2\lvert r_2\rvert\gt2

r1>2\lvert r_1\rvert\gt2 and r2>2\lvert r_2\rvert\gt2

r1<0r_1\lt0r2<0r_2\lt0

r1<0r_1\lt0 and r2<0r_2\lt0

r1+r2<42\lvert r_1+r_2\rvert\lt4\sqrt2

答案:A
难度评级:1180
小提示:

两个不同实根要求判别式为正

Distinct real roots require the discriminant to be positive

大提示:

使用 r1+r2=pr_1+r_2=-p

Use r1+r2=pr_1+r_2=-p

解答:

判别式条件为 p232>0p^2-32\gt0,所以 p>42\lvert p\rvert\gt4\sqrt2。由韦达定理,r1+r2=pr_1+r_2=-p,因此 r1+r2=p>42 \lvert r_1+r_2\rvert=\lvert p\rvert\gt4\sqrt2\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The discriminant condition is p232>0,p^2-32\gt0, so p>42.\lvert p\rvert\gt4\sqrt2. By Vieta’s formulas, r1+r2=p,r_1+r_2=-p, and therefore r1+r2=p>42. \lvert r_1+r_2\rvert=\lvert p\rvert\gt4\sqrt2.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

18.

x25x+6<0x^2-5x+6\lt0P=x2+5x+6P=x^2+5x+6,则

If x25x+6<0x^2-5x+6\lt0 and P=x2+5x+6,P=x^2+5x+6, then

PP 可以取任意实数值

PP can take any real value

20<P<3020\lt P\lt30

0<P<200\lt P\lt20

P<0P\lt0

P>30P\gt30

答案:B
难度评级:1280
小提示:

x25x+6x^2-5x+6 因式分解,以确定 xx 的范围

Factor x25x+6x^2-5x+6 to locate xx

大提示:

检查 x2+5x+6x^2+5x+6 在该区间上的变化

Check how x2+5x+6x^2+5x+6 varies on that interval

解答:

不等式 (x2)(x3)<0(x-2)(x-3)\lt0 给出 2<x<32\lt x\lt3。在该区间上,P=x2+5x+6P=x^2+5x+6 递增,两个端点值为 P(2)=20P(2)=20P(3)=30P(3)=30。由于端点不包含在内,所以 20<P<3020\lt P\lt30

因此,正确答案是 B

The inequality (x2)(x3)<0(x-2)(x-3)\lt0 gives 2<x<3.2\lt x\lt3. On this interval P=x2+5x+6P=x^2+5x+6 is increasing, with endpoint values P(2)=20P(2)=20 and P(3)=30.P(3)=30. The endpoints are excluded, so 20<P<30.20\lt P\lt30.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

19.

一个矩形加长 2122\dfrac12 英寸并变窄 23\dfrac23 英寸,或缩短 2122\dfrac12 英寸并变宽 43\dfrac43 英寸时,面积都保持不变。它的面积(单位:平方英寸)为:

The area of a rectangle remains unchanged when it is made 2122\dfrac12 inches longer and 23\dfrac23 inch narrower, or when it is made 2122\dfrac12 inches shorter and 43\dfrac43 inch wider. Its area, in square inches, is:

3030

803\dfrac{80}{3}

2424

452\dfrac{45}{2}

2020

答案:E
难度评级:1920
小提示:

设原来的长和宽为 llww

Let the original length and width be ll and ww

大提示:

展开两个面积相等的方程;lwlw 项会相消

Expand both equal-area equations; the lwlw terms cancel

解答:

两个条件为 lw=(l+52)(w23),lw=(l52)(w+43) \begin{aligned} lw&=\left(l+\frac52\right)\left(w-\frac23\right),\\ lw&=\left(l-\frac52\right)\left(w+\frac43\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}展开后,得到 4l+15w=10-4l+15w=108l15w=208l-15w=20。因此 l=152l=\frac{15}{2}w=83w=\frac{8}{3},且 lw=20lw=20

因此,正确答案是 E

The two conditions are lw=(l+52)(w23),lw=(l52)(w+43). \begin{aligned} lw&=\left(l+\frac52\right)\left(w-\frac23\right),\\ lw&=\left(l-\frac52\right)\left(w+\frac43\right). \end{aligned} After expanding, these give 4l+15w=10-4l+15w=10 and 8l15w=20.8l-15w=20. Hence l=152,l=\frac{15}{2}, w=83,w=\frac{8}{3}, and lw=20.lw=20.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

20.

在边长为 mm 的正方形中内切一个圆,再在该圆中内接一个正方形,再在后一个正方形中内切一个圆,如此继续。若 SnS_n 是最前面 nn 个这样内切圆的面积之和,则当 nn 无限增大时,SnS_n 趋近于:

A circle is inscribed in a square of side m,m, then a square is inscribed in that circle, then a circle is inscribed in the latter square, and so on. If SnS_n is the sum of the areas of the first nn circles so inscribed, then, as nn grows beyond all bounds, SnS_n approaches:

πm22\dfrac{\pi m^2}{2}

3πm28\dfrac{3\pi m^2}{8}

πm23\dfrac{\pi m^2}{3}

πm24\dfrac{\pi m^2}{4}

πm28\dfrac{\pi m^2}{8}

答案:A
难度评级:1480
小提示:

第一个圆的面积为 πm24\frac{\pi m^2}{4}

The first circle has area πm24\frac{\pi m^2}{4}

大提示:

每个后继圆的面积都是前一个圆面积的一半

Each successive circle has half the preceding circle’s area

解答:

第一个圆的面积为 π(m2)2=πm24\pi(\frac{m}{2})^2=\frac{\pi m^2}{4}。每个内接正方形使下一个圆的半径平方,从而也使其面积缩小为原来的 12\frac{1}{2}。因此极限和为 πm24(1+12+14+)=πm22 \begin{aligned} &\frac{\pi m^2}{4} \left(1+\frac12+\frac14+\cdots\right)\\ &\qquad=\frac{\pi m^2}{2} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The first circle has area π(m2)2=πm24.\pi(\frac{m}{2})^2=\frac{\pi m^2}{4}. Each inscribed square reduces the next circle’s squared radius, and hence its area, by a factor of 12.\frac{1}{2}. Thus the limiting sum is πm24(1+12+14+)=πm22. \begin{aligned} &\frac{\pi m^2}{4} \left(1+\frac12+\frac14+\cdots\right)\\ &\qquad=\frac{\pi m^2}{2}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

21.

在直角三角形 ABCABC 中,斜边 AB=5AB=5,直角边 AC=3AC=3。角 AA 的平分线与对边交于 A1A_1。再作一个直角三角形 PQRPQR,其斜边 PQ=A1BPQ=A_1B,直角边 PR=A1CPR=A_1C。若角 PP 的平分线与对边交于 P1P_1,则 PP1PP_1 的长度为:

In right triangle ABCABC the hypotenuse AB=5AB=5 and leg AC=3.AC=3. The bisector of angle AA meets the opposite side in A1.A_1. A second right triangle PQRPQR is then constructed with hypotenuse PQ=A1BPQ=A_1B and leg PR=A1C.PR=A_1C. If the bisector of angle PP meets the opposite side in P1,P_1, the length of PP1PP_1 is:

364\dfrac{3\sqrt6}{4}

354\dfrac{3\sqrt5}{4}

334\dfrac{3\sqrt3}{4}

322\dfrac{3\sqrt2}{2}

15216\dfrac{15\sqrt2}{16}

答案:B
难度评级:2150
小提示:

33-44-55 三角形中使用角平分线定理

Use the angle-bisector theorem in the 33-44-55 triangle

大提示:

第二个三角形是第一个三角形缩小一半的副本

The second triangle is a half-scale copy of the first

解答:

因为 BC=4BC=4,由角平分线定理可得 A1B:A1C=5:3A_1B:A_1C=5:3。因此 A1B=52A_1B=\frac{5}{2},且 A1C=32A_1C=\frac{3}{2},所以三角形 PQRPQR 是三角形 ABCABC 缩小一半的副本。

对于原三角形中从 AA 引出的角平分线,AA12=53(14282)=454 \begin{aligned} AA_1^2 &=5\cdot3\left(1-\frac{4^2}{8^2}\right)\\ &=\frac{45}{4} \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 AA1=352AA_1=\frac{3\sqrt5}{2}。因此 PP1PP_1 是它的一半,即 354\frac{3\sqrt5}{4}

因此,正确答案是 B

Since BC=4,BC=4, the angle-bisector theorem gives A1B:A1C=5:3.A_1B:A_1C=5:3. Hence A1B=52A_1B=\frac{5}{2} and A1C=32,A_1C=\frac{3}{2}, so triangle PQRPQR is a half-scale copy of ABC.ABC.

For the angle bisector from AA in the original triangle, AA12=53(14282)=454, \begin{aligned} AA_1^2 &=5\cdot3\left(1-\frac{4^2}{8^2}\right)\\ &=\frac{45}{4}, \end{aligned} so AA1=352.AA_1=\frac{3\sqrt5}{2}. Therefore PP1PP_1 is half of this, or 354.\frac{3\sqrt5}{4}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

22.

对自然数而言,PP 除以 DD 时,商为 QQ,余数为 RR。当 QQ 除以 DD' 时,商为 QQ',余数为 RR'。那么,PP 除以 DDDD' 时的余数为:

For natural numbers, when PP is divided by D,D, the quotient is QQ and the remainder is R.R. When QQ is divided by D,D', the quotient is QQ' and the remainder is R.R'. Then, when PP is divided by DD,DD', the remainder is:

R+RDR+R'D

R+RDR'+RD

RRRR'

RR

RR'

答案:A
难度评级:1260
小提示:

写出 P=QD+RP=QD+RQ=QD+RQ=Q'D'+R'

Write P=QD+RP=QD+R and Q=QD+RQ=Q'D'+R'

大提示:

将第二个方程代入第一个,并分离出 DDDD' 的倍数

Substitute the second equation into the first and isolate the multiple of DDDD'

解答:

代入得到 P=(QD+R)D+R=Q(DD)+(RD+R) \begin{aligned} P&=(Q'D'+R')D+R\\ &=Q'(DD')+(R'D+R) \end{aligned}\text{。}余数的范围说明 RD+R<DDR'D+R\lt DD',所以这确实是余数。

因此,正确答案是 A

Substitution gives P=(QD+R)D+R=Q(DD)+(RD+R). \begin{aligned} P&=(Q'D'+R')D+R\\ &=Q'(DD')+(R'D+R). \end{aligned} The remainder bounds imply RD+R<DD,R'D+R\lt DD', so this is indeed the remainder.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

23.

xx 为正实数并且无限增大,则 log3(6x5)log3(2x+1)\log_3(6x-5)-\log_3(2x+1) 趋近于:

If xx is real and positive and grows beyond all bounds, then log3(6x5)log3(2x+1)\log_3(6x-5)-\log_3(2x+1) approaches:

00

11

33

44

不趋近于有限数

no finite number

答案:B
难度评级:1400
小提示:

将两个对数合并为一个对数

Combine the logarithms into one logarithm

大提示:

6x52x+1\frac{6x-5}{2x+1} 的极限

Find the limit of 6x52x+1\frac{6x-5}{2x+1}

解答:

该差为 log3(6x52x+1) \log_3\left(\frac{6x-5}{2x+1}\right)\text{。}分数趋近于 33,所以原式趋近于 log33=1\log_3 3=1

因此,正确答案是 B

The difference is log3(6x52x+1). \log_3\left(\frac{6x-5}{2x+1}\right). The fraction approaches 3,3, so the expression approaches log33=1.\log_3 3=1.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

24.

方程 3x+5y=5013x+5y=501 的正整数解对共有:

The number of solution-pairs in positive integers of the equation 3x+5y=5013x+5y=501 is:

3333

3434

3535

100100

以上都不是

none of these

答案:A
难度评级:1500
小提示:

将方程模 55 化简,以求出 xx 的形式

Reduce the equation modulo 55 to find the form of xx

大提示:

统计使 y>0y\gt0 的正数值 x=2+5kx=2+5k

Count the positive values x=2+5kx=2+5k that leave y>0y\gt0

解答:

对方程模 55,可得 3x13x\equiv1,所以 x2(mod5)x\equiv2\pmod5。写成 x=2+5kx=2+5k。则 y=5013x5=993k y=\frac{501-3x}{5}=99-3k\text{。}正性要求 k=0,1,,32k=0,1,\ldots,32,因此共有 3333 对。

因此,正确答案是 A

Modulo 5,5, the equation gives 3x1,3x\equiv1, so x2(mod5).x\equiv2\pmod5. Write x=2+5k.x=2+5k. Then y=5013x5=993k. y=\frac{501-3x}{5}=99-3k. Positivity requires k=0,1,,32,k=0,1,\ldots,32, giving 3333 pairs.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

25.

对每个奇数 p>1p\gt1,都有:

For every odd number p>1p\gt1 we have:

(p1)p121(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1 能被 p2p-2 整除

(p1)p121(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1 is divisible by p2p-2

(p1)p12+1(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1 能被 pp 整除

(p1)p12+1(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1 is divisible by pp

(p1)p12(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}} 能被 pp 整除

(p1)p12(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}} is divisible by pp

(p1)p12+1(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1 能被 p+1p+1 整除

(p1)p12+1(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1 is divisible by p+1p+1

(p1)p121(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1 能被 p1p-1 整除

(p1)p121(p-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1 is divisible by p1p-1

答案:A
难度评级:1500
小提示:

对选项 (A) 模 p2p-2 计算

Work modulo p2p-2 for choice (A)

大提示:

因为 p11(modp2)p-1\equiv1\pmod{p-2},每个正整数次幂都有相同的余数

Since p11(modp2),p-1\equiv1\pmod{p-2}, every positive power has the same residue

解答:

因为 p>1p\gt1 为奇数,所以 n=p12n=\frac{p-1}{2} 是正整数。模 p2p-2 时,有 p11p-1\equiv1。因此 (p1)n11n10(modp2) \begin{aligned} (p-1)^n-1 &\equiv1^n-1\\ &\equiv0\pmod{p-2} \end{aligned}\text{。}所以选项 (A) 总是成立。

因此,正确答案是 A

Because p>1p\gt1 is odd, n=p12n=\frac{p-1}{2} is a positive integer. Modulo p2,p-2, we have p11.p-1\equiv1. Therefore (p1)n11n10(modp2). \begin{aligned} (p-1)^n-1 &\equiv1^n-1\\ &\equiv0\pmod{p-2}. \end{aligned} Thus choice (A) always holds.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

26.

若只使用表中信息 103=100010^3=1000104=10,00010^4=10{,}000210=10242^{10}=1024211=20482^{11}=2048212=40962^{12}=4096213=81922^{13}=8192,则关于 log102\log_{10}2 能作出的最强结论是它位于下列哪两个数之间?

If one uses only the tabular information 103=1000,10^3=1000, 104=10,000,10^4=10{,}000, 210=1024,2^{10}=1024, 211=2048,2^{11}=2048, 212=4096,2^{12}=4096, 213=8192,2^{13}=8192, then the strongest statement one can make for log102\log_{10}2 is that it lies between:

310\dfrac3{10}411\dfrac4{11}

310\dfrac3{10} and 411\dfrac4{11}

310\dfrac3{10}412\dfrac4{12}

310\dfrac3{10} and 412\dfrac4{12}

310\dfrac3{10}413\dfrac4{13}

310\dfrac3{10} and 413\dfrac4{13}

310\dfrac3{10}40132\dfrac{40}{132}

310\dfrac3{10} and 40132\dfrac{40}{132}

311\dfrac3{11}40132\dfrac{40}{132}

311\dfrac3{11} and 40132\dfrac{40}{132}

答案:C
难度评级:1710
小提示:

比较 10310^32102^{10},求下界

Compare 10310^3 with 2102^{10} for a lower bound

大提示:

比较 2132^{13}10410^4,求上界

Compare 2132^{13} with 10410^4 for an upper bound

解答:

103<21010^3\lt2^{10} 可得 3<10log1023\lt10\log_{10}2,所以 log102>310\log_{10}2\gt\frac{3}{10}。由 213<1042^{13}\lt10^4 可得 13log102<413\log_{10}2\lt4,所以 log102<413\log_{10}2\lt\frac{4}{13}。这是表中信息能够推出的选项中最窄的区间。

因此,正确答案是 C

From 103<21010^3\lt2^{10} we get 3<10log102,3\lt10\log_{10}2, so log102>310.\log_{10}2\gt\frac{3}{10}. From 213<1042^{13}\lt10^4 we get 13log102<4,13\log_{10}2\lt4, so log102<413.\log_{10}2\lt\frac{4}{13}. This is the narrowest listed interval justified by the table.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

27.

两支等长的蜡烛由不同材料制成,其中一支以均匀速度在 33 小时内燃尽,另一支在 44 小时内燃尽。应在下午几点点燃蜡烛,才能使下午 44 点时一支蜡烛的剩余长度是另一支的两倍?

Two candles of the same length are made of different materials so that one burns out completely at a uniform rate in 33 hours and the other in 44 hours. At what time P.M. should the candles be lighted so that, at 44 P.M., one stub is twice the length of the other?

1:241{:}24

1:281{:}28

1:361{:}36

1:401{:}40

1:481{:}48

答案:C
难度评级:1500
小提示:

设蜡烛在下午 44 点前燃烧的小时数为 tt

Let tt be the number of hours the candles burn before 44 P.M.

大提示:

它们剩余的比例分别为 1t31-\frac{t}{3}1t41-\frac{t}{4}

Their remaining fractions are 1t31-\frac{t}{3} and 1t41-\frac{t}{4}

解答:

经过 tt 小时后,燃烧较快和较慢的蜡烛剩余比例分别为 1t31-\frac{t}{3}1t41-\frac{t}{4}。较慢蜡烛的剩余长度必须是较快蜡烛的两倍:1t4=2(1t3) 1-\frac t4=2\left(1-\frac t3\right)\text{。}因此 t=125=2t=\frac{12}{5}=2 小时 2424 分钟。从下午 44 点向前推,得到下午 1:361{:}36

因此,正确答案是 C

After tt hours, the faster and slower candles have fractions 1t31-\frac{t}{3} and 1t41-\frac{t}{4} remaining. The slower stub must be twice the faster: 1t4=2(1t3). 1-\frac t4=2\left(1-\frac t3\right). Thus t=125=2t=\frac{12}{5}=2 hours 2424 minutes. Counting back from 44 P.M. gives 1:361{:}36 P.M.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

28.

已知两个前提:I 有些 Mem 不是 En;II 没有 En 是 Vee。若“有些”表示“至少一个”,则可以得出:

Given the two hypotheses: I Some Mems are not Ens and II No Ens are Vees. If “some” means “at least one,” we can conclude that:

有些 Mem 不是 Vee

Some Mems are not Vees

有些 Vee 不是 Mem

Some Vees are not Mems

没有 Mem 是 Vee

No Mem is a Vee

有些 Mem 是 Vee

Some Mems are Vees

无法从已知命题推出 (A)(A)(B)(B)(C)(C)(D)(D) 中的任何一个

Neither (A)(A) nor (B)(B) nor (C)(C) nor (D)(D) is deducible from the given statements

答案:E
难度评级:1880
小提示:

将三类对象转化为集合 M,N,VM,N,V

Translate the three kinds of objects into sets M,N,VM,N,V

大提示:

在保持两个前提成立的同时,分别检验 M=VM=VMV=M\cap V=\varnothing

Test both M=VM=V and MV=M\cap V=\varnothing while keeping the two hypotheses true

解答:

这些前提只说明 MM 中有某个元素不在 NN 中,并且 NV=N\cap V=\varnothing。令 M=VM=V 的模型在满足前提的同时使 (A)、(B)、(C) 都为假;令 MV=M\cap V=\varnothing 的模型则使 (D) 为假。因此,选项 (A) 至 (D) 都不是必然结论。

因此,正确答案是 E

The hypotheses say only that some element of MM lies outside N,N, and that NV=.N\cap V=\varnothing. A model with M=VM=V makes (A), (B), and (C) false while satisfying the hypotheses. A model with MV=M\cap V=\varnothing makes (D) false. Hence none of choices (A) through (D) is forced.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

29.

ABAB 是一个圆的直径。作切线 ADADBCBC,使 ACACBDBD 交于圆上一点。若 AD=aAD=aBC=bBC=b,且 aba\ne b,则圆的直径为:

ABAB is a diameter of a circle. Tangents ADAD and BCBC are drawn so that ACAC and BDBD intersect in a point on the circle. If AD=aAD=a and BC=b,BC=b, ab,a\ne b, the diameter of the circle is:

ab\lvert a-b\rvert

12(a+b)\dfrac12(a+b)

ab\sqrt{ab}

aba+b\dfrac{ab}{a+b}

12aba+b\dfrac12\cdot\dfrac{ab}{a+b}

答案:C
难度评级:2150
小提示:

设圆上的交点为 PP;则 APB=90\angle APB=90^\circ

Let the intersection point on the circle be PP; then APB=90\angle APB=90^\circ

大提示:

利用两条平行切线比较直角三角形 ADBADBBCABCA

Use the parallel tangents to compare right triangles ADBADB and BCABCA

解答:

设直径 d=ABd=AB。因为 ACACBDBD 的交点在圆上,所以由泰勒斯定理,这两条直线互相垂直。此外,切线 ADADBCBC 平行。由此得到的直角三角形 ADBADBBCABCA 相似,所以 da=bd \frac da=\frac bd\text{。}因此 d2=abd^2=ab,且 d=abd=\sqrt{ab}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let d=ABd=AB be the diameter. Since the intersection of ACAC and BDBD lies on the circle, those two lines are perpendicular by Thales’ theorem. Also the tangents ADAD and BCBC are parallel. The resulting right triangles ADBADB and BCABCA are similar, so da=bd. \frac da=\frac bd. Hence d2=abd^2=ab and d=ab.d=\sqrt{ab}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

30.

一名商人用 dd 美元买了 nn 台收音机,其中 dd 是正整数。他以成本一半的价格将两台收音机提供给社区义卖会,其余每台以获利 $8\$8 的价格售出。若总利润为 $72\$72,则根据已知信息,nn 的最小可能值为:

A dealer bought nn radios for dd dollars, d,d, a positive integer. He contributed two radios to a community bazaar at half their cost. The rest he sold at a profit of $8\$8 on each radio sold. If the overall profit was $72,\$72, then the least possible value of nn for the given information is:

1818

1616

1515

1212

1111

答案:D
难度评级:1880
小提示:

每台收音机的成本为 dn\frac{d}{n} 美元

Each radio costs dn\frac{d}{n} dollars

大提示:

写出 n2n-2 台获利销售与两台半价销售所得的总收入

Write the total intake from n2n-2 profitable sales and two half-cost sales

解答:

n2n-2 台正常销售带来 (n2)(dn+8)(n-2)(\frac{d}{n}+8) 的收入,两台义卖收音机合计带来 dn\frac{d}{n} 的收入。由于总收入为 d+72d+72(n2)(dn+8)+dn=d+72 \begin{aligned} &(n-2)\left(\frac dn+8\right)+\frac dn\\ &\qquad=d+72 \end{aligned}\text{。}化简得 d=8n(n11)d=8n(n-11)。正性要求 n>11n\gt11,而 n=12n=12 给出正整数 d=96d=96

因此,正确答案是 D

The n2n-2 regular sales bring (n2)(dn+8),(n-2)(\frac{d}{n}+8), while the two bazaar radios bring dn\frac{d}{n} together. Since the total intake is d+72,d+72, (n2)(dn+8)+dn=d+72. \begin{aligned} &(n-2)\left(\frac dn+8\right)+\frac dn\\ &\qquad=d+72. \end{aligned} This reduces to d=8n(n11).d=8n(n-11). Positivity requires n>11,n\gt11, and n=12n=12 gives the positive integer d=96.d=96.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

31.

D=a2+b2+c2D=a^2+b^2+c^2,其中 aabb 为相邻整数,且 c=abc=ab。则 D\sqrt D

Let D=a2+b2+c2,D=a^2+b^2+c^2, where a,a, bb are consecutive integers and c=ab.c=ab. Then D\sqrt D is:

总是偶整数

always an even integer

有时是奇整数,有时不是

sometimes an odd integer, sometimes not

总是奇整数

always an odd integer

有时是有理数,有时不是

sometimes rational, sometimes not

总是无理数

always irrational

答案:C
难度评级:1500
小提示:

b=a+1b=a+1,并展开 DD

Set b=a+1b=a+1 and expand DD

大提示:

尝试将 DD 识别为 a2+a+1a^2+a+1 的平方

Try to recognize DD as the square of a2+a+1a^2+a+1

解答:

b=a+1b=a+1c=a(a+1)c=a(a+1),则 D=a2+(a+1)2+a2(a+1)2=(a2+a+1)2 \begin{aligned} D&=a^2+(a+1)^2+a^2(a+1)^2\\ &=(a^2+a+1)^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 D=a2+a+1\sqrt D=a^2+a+1。因为 a(a+1)a(a+1) 为偶数,所以这个整数总是奇数。

因此,正确答案是 C

With b=a+1b=a+1 and c=a(a+1),c=a(a+1), D=a2+(a+1)2+a2(a+1)2=(a2+a+1)2. \begin{aligned} D&=a^2+(a+1)^2+a^2(a+1)^2\\ &=(a^2+a+1)^2. \end{aligned} Thus D=a2+a+1.\sqrt D=a^2+a+1. Since a(a+1)a(a+1) is even, this integer is always odd.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

32.

四边形 ABCDABCD 的对角线 ACACBDBD 交于 OO,且 BO=4BO=4OD=6OD=6AO=8AO=8OC=3OC=3AB=6AB=6。则 ADAD 的长度为:

In quadrilateral ABCDABCD with diagonals ACAC and BDBD intersecting at O,O, BO=4,BO=4, OD=6,OD=6, AO=8,AO=8, OC=3,OC=3, and AB=6.AB=6. The length of ADAD is:

99

1010

636\sqrt3

828\sqrt2

166\sqrt{166}

答案:E
知识点:余弦定理导角
难度评级:1690
小提示:

利用三角形 AOBAOBcosAOB\cos\angle AOB

Use triangle AOBAOB to find cosAOB\cos\angle AOB

大提示:

AOBAOB 与角 AODAOD 互为补角

Angles AOBAOB and AODAOD are supplementary

解答:

在三角形 AOBAOB 中,cosAOB=82+4262284=1116 \begin{aligned} \cos\angle AOB &=\frac{8^2+4^2-6^2}{2\cdot8\cdot4}\\ &=\frac{11}{16} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 cosAOD=1116\cos\angle AOD=-\frac{11}{16}。在三角形 AODAOD 中应用余弦定理可得 AD2=82+62+2(8)(6)1116=166 \begin{aligned} AD^2 &=8^2+6^2\\ &\quad+2(8)(6)\frac{11}{16}\\ &=166 \end{aligned}\text{。}所以 AD=166AD=\sqrt{166}

因此,正确答案是 E

In triangle AOB,AOB, cosAOB=82+4262284=1116. \begin{aligned} \cos\angle AOB &=\frac{8^2+4^2-6^2}{2\cdot8\cdot4}\\ &=\frac{11}{16}. \end{aligned} Therefore cosAOD=1116.\cos\angle AOD=-\frac{11}{16}. Applying the law of cosines in triangle AODAOD gives AD2=82+62+2(8)(6)1116=166. \begin{aligned} AD^2 &=8^2+6^2\\ &\quad+2(8)(6)\frac{11}{16}\\ &=166. \end{aligned} Hence AD=166.AD=\sqrt{166}.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

33.

图中分别以 ABABACACCBCB 为直径作半圆,使它们两两相切。若 CDABCD\perp AB,则阴影面积与以 CDCD 为半径的圆面积之比为:

In this diagram semi-circles are constructed on diameters AB,AB, AC,AC, and CB,CB, so that they are mutually tangent. If CDAB,CD\perp AB, then the ratio of the shaded area to the area of a circle with CDCD as radius is:

1:21:2

1:31:3

3:7\sqrt3:7

1:41:4

2:6\sqrt2:6

答案:D
难度评级:1990
小提示:

用大半圆的面积减去两个小半圆的面积

Subtract the two small semicircle areas from the large one

大提示:

在直角三角形 ADBADB 中,高定理给出 CD2=ACCBCD^2=AC\cdot CB

In right triangle ADB,ADB, the altitude theorem gives CD2=ACCBCD^2=AC\cdot CB

解答:

AC=uAC=uCB=vCB=v。阴影面积等于大半圆的面积减去两个小半圆的面积:π8((u+v)2u2v2)=πuv4 \frac{\pi}{8}\bigl((u+v)^2-u^2-v^2\bigr) =\frac{\pi uv}{4}\text{。}因为 DD 位于以 ABAB 为直径的半圆上,所以三角形 ADBADB 是直角三角形,且其高满足 CD2=uvCD^2=uv。因此,以 CDCD 为半径的圆面积为 πuv\pi uv。所求比为 1:41:4

因此,正确答案是 D

Let AC=uAC=u and CB=v.CB=v. The shaded area is the large semicircle minus the two smaller ones: π8((u+v)2u2v2)=πuv4. \frac{\pi}{8}\bigl((u+v)^2-u^2-v^2\bigr) =\frac{\pi uv}{4}. Since DD lies on the semicircle with diameter AB,AB, triangle ADBADB is right, and its altitude satisfies CD2=uv.CD^2=uv. A circle of radius CDCD therefore has area πuv.\pi uv. The required ratio is 1:4.1:4.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

34.

在三角形 ABCABC 的边 ABABBCBCCACA 上分别取点 DDEEFF,使得 AD:DB=1:nAD:DB=1:nBE:CE=1:nBE:CE=1:n,且 CF:FA=1:nCF:FA=1:n。三角形 DEFDEF 与三角形 ABCABC 的面积之比为:

Points D,D, E,E, FF are taken respectively on sides AB,AB, BC,BC, and CACA of triangle ABCABC so that AD:DB=1:n,AD:DB=1:n, BE:CE=1:n,BE:CE=1:n, and CF:FA=1:n.CF:FA=1:n. The ratio of the area of triangle DEFDEF to that of triangle ABCABC is:

n2n+1(n+1)2\dfrac{n^2-n+1}{(n+1)^2}

1(n+1)2\dfrac1{(n+1)^2}

2n3(n+1)2\dfrac{2n^3}{(n+1)^2}

n3(n+1)2\dfrac{n^3}{(n+1)^2}

n(n1)n+1\dfrac{n(n-1)}{n+1}

答案:A
难度评级:1710
小提示:

从三角形 ABCABC 中减去三个顶角处的小三角形

Subtract the three corner triangles from triangle ABCABC

大提示:

每个顶角处的小三角形与原三角形的面积比都是 n(n+1)2\frac{n}{(n+1)^2}

Each corner triangle has area ratio n(n+1)2\frac{n}{(n+1)^2}

解答:

在每个顶点处,小三角形所占相邻两边的比例分别为 1n+1\frac{1}{n+1}nn+1\frac{n}{n+1}。因此,每个顶角处的小三角形面积都是 [ABC][ABC]n(n+1)2\frac{n}{(n+1)^2} 倍。所以 [DEF][ABC]=13n(n+1)2=n2n+1(n+1)2 \begin{aligned} \frac{[DEF]}{[ABC]} &=1-\frac{3n}{(n+1)^2}\\ &=\frac{n^2-n+1}{(n+1)^2} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

At each vertex, the two adjacent side fractions used by the corner triangle are 1n+1\frac{1}{n+1} and nn+1.\frac{n}{n+1}. Thus each corner triangle has area n(n+1)2\frac{n}{(n+1)^2} times [ABC].[ABC]. Therefore [DEF][ABC]=13n(n+1)2=n2n+1(n+1)2. \begin{aligned} \frac{[DEF]}{[ABC]} &=1-\frac{3n}{(n+1)^2}\\ &=\frac{n^2-n+1}{(n+1)^2}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

35.

方程 64x3144x2+92x15=064x^3-144x^2+92x-15=0 的各根成等差数列。最大根与最小根之差为:

The roots of 64x3144x2+92x15=064x^3-144x^2+92x-15=0 are in arithmetic progression. The difference between the largest and smallest roots is:

22

11

12\dfrac12

38\dfrac38

14\dfrac14

答案:B
难度评级:1750
小提示:

将三个根写成 tdt-dttt+dt+d

Write the roots as td,t-d, t,t, and t+dt+d

大提示:

先利用根的和求出 tt,再利用根的积求出 d2d^2

Use their sum to find t,t, then use their product to find d2d^2

解答:

设三个根为 tdt-dttt+dt+d。它们的和为 3t=14464=943t=\frac{144}{64}=\frac{9}{4},所以 t=34t=\frac{3}{4}。它们的积为 t(t2d2)=1564 t(t^2-d^2)=\frac{15}{64}\text{。}代入 t=34t=\frac{3}{4}d2=14d^2=\frac{1}{4},所以最大根与最小根之差为 2d=12\lvert d\rvert=1

因此,正确答案是 B

Let the roots be td,t-d, t,t, and t+d.t+d. Their sum is 3t=14464=94,3t=\frac{144}{64}=\frac{9}{4}, so t=34.t=\frac{3}{4}. Their product is t(t2d2)=1564. t(t^2-d^2)=\frac{15}{64}. Substituting t=34t=\frac{3}{4} gives d2=14,d^2=\frac{1}{4}, so the difference between the extreme roots is 2d=1.2\lvert d\rvert=1.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

36.

一个等比数列有五项,每项都是小于 100100 的正整数。五项之和为 211211。若 SS 是其中所有完全平方数项之和,则 SS 为:

Given a geometric progression of five terms, each a positive integer less than 100.100. The sum of the five terms is 211.211. If SS is the sum of those terms in the progression which are squares of integers, then SS is:

00

9191

133133

195195

211211

答案:C
难度评级:2380
小提示:

将有理公比约成最简分数 cd\frac{c}{d}

Write the rational common ratio in lowest terms as cd\frac{c}{d}

大提示:

各项均为整数意味着中间项是 c2d2c^2d^2 的倍数;再利用 211211 是质数

Integrality forces the middle term to be a multiple of c2d2c^2d^2; use that 211211 is prime

解答:

设最简形式的公比为 cd\frac{c}{d},中间项为 aa。因为五项都是整数,所以 aac2d2c^2d^2 的倍数,可写成 a=kc2d2a=kc^2d^2。此时总和 211211 能被 kk 整除,所以 kk11211211。但中间项 aa 小于 100100,故 k=1k=1

因此 d4+d3c+d2c2+dc3+c4=211 \begin{aligned} d^4+d^3c+d^2c^2&\\ \quad+dc^3+c^4&=211 \end{aligned}\text{。}由范围限制可知 c,d<4c,d\lt4。若其中一个为 11,可能的总和为 553131121121,都不是 211211。再结合互质条件,只剩 ccdd 分别为 2233,次序可以互换。这个数列为 16162424363654548181。其中完全平方数项之和为 16+36+81=13316+36+81=133

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the common ratio be cd\frac{c}{d} in lowest terms and the middle term be a.a. Since all five terms are integers, aa is divisible by c2d2,c^2d^2, so write a=kc2d2.a=kc^2d^2. The sum 211211 is then divisible by k.k. Thus kk is 11 or 211.211. But the middle term aa is less than 100,100, so k=1.k=1.

Thus d4+d3c+d2c2+dc3+c4=211. \begin{aligned} d^4+d^3c+d^2c^2&\\ \quad+dc^3+c^4&=211. \end{aligned} The bound gives c,d<4.c,d\lt4. If either is 1,1, the possible sums are 5,5, 31,31, or 121,121, not 211.211. Coprimality therefore leaves cc and dd equal to 22 and 33 in either order. The progression is 16,16, 24,24, 36,36, 54,54, 81.81. Its square terms sum to 16+36+81=133.16+36+81=133.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

37.

从三角形 ABCABC 的三个顶点分别向一条不与三角形相交的直线 RSRS 作垂线段 AD=10AD=10BE=6BE=6CF=24CF=24。点 DDEEFF 是这些垂线与 RSRS 的交点。若三条中线交于 GG,从该点向 RSRS 作垂线段 GHGH,且其长度为 xx,则 xx 为:

Segments AD=10,AD=10, BE=6,BE=6, CF=24CF=24 are drawn from the vertices of triangle ABC,ABC, each perpendicular to a straight line RS,RS, not intersecting the triangle. Points D,D, E,E, FF are the intersection points of RSRS with the perpendiculars. If xx is the length of the perpendicular segment GHGH drawn to RSRS from the intersection point GG of the medians of the triangle, then xx is:

403\dfrac{40}{3}

1616

563\dfrac{56}{3}

803\dfrac{80}{3}

无法确定

undetermined

答案:A
难度评级:1480
小提示:

点到固定直线的有向距离是仿射函数

Signed distance from a point to a fixed line is an affine function

大提示:

重心的位置向量是三个顶点位置向量的平均值

The centroid is the average of the three vertices

解答:

由于 RSRS 不与三角形相交,三个垂直距离的符号相同。点到固定直线的有向距离是仿射函数,而重心是三个顶点的平均。因此,重心到直线的距离等于三个距离的平均值:x=10+6+243=403 x=\frac{10+6+24}{3}=\frac{40}{3}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Because RSRS does not intersect the triangle, the three perpendicular distances have the same sign. Signed distance to a fixed line is affine, and the centroid is the average of the vertices. Therefore its distance is the average x=10+6+243=403. x=\frac{10+6+24}{3}=\frac{40}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

38.

给定一个集合 SS,其中含有两种未定义的元素“pib”和“maa”,并给出以下四条公设:

P1\mathrm{P}_1:每个 pib 都是若干 maa 的集合。

P2\mathrm{P}_2:任意两个不同的 pib 恰好共有一个 maa。

P3\mathrm{P}_3:每个 maa 恰好属于两个 pib。

P4\mathrm{P}_4:恰好有四个 pib。

考虑以下三个定理:

T1\mathrm{T}_1:恰好有六个 maa。

T2\mathrm{T}_2:每个 pib 中恰好有三个 maa。

T3\mathrm{T}_3:对每个 maa,恰好有另一个 maa 不与它同属任何一个 pib。

可以由这些公设推出的定理是:

Given a set SS consisting of two undefined elements “pib” and “maa,” and the four postulates:

P1:\mathrm{P}_1: Every pib is a collection of maas.

P2:\mathrm{P}_2: Any two distinct pibs have one and only one maa in common.

P3:\mathrm{P}_3: Every maa belongs to two and only two pibs.

P4:\mathrm{P}_4: There are exactly four pibs.

Consider the three theorems:

T1:\mathrm{T}_1: There are exactly six maas.

T2:\mathrm{T}_2: There are exactly three maas in each pib.

T3:\mathrm{T}_3: For each maa there is exactly one other maa not in the same pib with it.

The theorems which are deducible from the postulates are:

T3\mathrm{T}_3

T3\mathrm{T}_3 only

T2\mathrm{T}_2T3\mathrm{T}_3

T2\mathrm{T}_2 and T3\mathrm{T}_3 only

T1\mathrm{T}_1T2\mathrm{T}_2

T1\mathrm{T}_1 and T2\mathrm{T}_2 only

T1\mathrm{T}_1T3\mathrm{T}_3

T1\mathrm{T}_1 and T3\mathrm{T}_3 only

全部三个

all

答案:E
难度评级:2030
小提示:

将四个 pib 标记为 11223344

Label the four pibs 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 44

大提示:

每个 maa 对应一对无序的 pib

Each maa corresponds to an unordered pair of pibs

解答:

将四个 pib 标记为 11223344。由 P2\mathrm P_2P3\mathrm P_3 可知,每个 maa 恰好是一对无序 pib 所共有的 maa。因此共有 (42)=6\binom42=6 个 maa,这就证明了 T1\mathrm T_1

固定一个 pib ii,它含有三个形如 ijij 的 maa,其中 jij\ne i,这证明了 T2\mathrm T_2。对于 maa ijij,唯一一个与它不共属任一 pib 的 maa,就是属于其余两个 pib 所成之互补对的 maa,这证明了 T3\mathrm T_3。因此三个定理都能推出。

因此,正确答案是 E

Label the four pibs 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 4.4. By P2\mathrm P_2 and P3,\mathrm P_3, every maa is exactly the common maa of one unordered pair of pibs. Thus there are (42)=6\binom42=6 maas, proving T1.\mathrm T_1.

A fixed pib ii contains the three maas ijij with ji,j\ne i, proving T2.\mathrm T_2. For maa ij,ij, the unique maa sharing neither pib is the one belonging to the complementary pair of pibs, proving T3.\mathrm T_3. All three follow.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

39.

给出由连续整数组成的各集合 {1}\{1\}{2,3}\{2,3\}{4,5,6}\{4,5,6\}{7,8,9,10}\{7,8,9,10\}\ldots,每个集合都比前一个集合多一个元素,且后一个集合的首项比前一个集合的末项大一。设 SnS_n 为第 nn 个集合中所有元素之和,则 S21S_{21} 等于:

Given the sets of consecutive integers {1},\{1\}, {2,3},\{2,3\}, {4,5,6},\{4,5,6\}, {7,8,9,10},\{7,8,9,10\}, ,\ldots, where each set contains one more element than the preceding one, and where the first element of each succeeding set is one more than the last element of the preceding set. Let SnS_n be the sum of the elements in the nnth set. Then S21S_{21} equals:

11131113

46414641

50825082

5336153361

以上均不是

none of these

答案:B
难度评级:1500
小提示:

nn 个集合的末项是 n(n+1)2\frac{n(n+1)}{2}

The last number in the nnth set is n(n+1)2\frac{n(n+1)}{2}

大提示:

求以该数为末项的 nn 个连续整数之和

Sum the nn consecutive integers ending at that number

解答:

nn 个集合以 n(n+1)2\frac{n(n+1)}{2} 为末项,并含有 nn 个连续整数。其总和为 Sn=n(n(n+1)2)n(n1)2=n(n2+1)2 \begin{aligned} S_n &=n\left(\frac{n(n+1)}2\right)\\ &\quad-\frac{n(n-1)}2\\ &=\frac{n(n^2+1)}2 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 S21=21(442)2=4641S_{21}=\frac{21(442)}{2}=4641

因此,正确答案是 B

The nnth set ends at n(n+1)2\frac{n(n+1)}{2} and contains nn consecutive integers. Its sum is Sn=n(n(n+1)2)n(n1)2=n(n2+1)2. \begin{aligned} S_n &=n\left(\frac{n(n+1)}2\right)\\ &\quad-\frac{n(n-1)}2\\ &=\frac{n(n^2+1)}2. \end{aligned} Thus S21=21(442)2=4641.S_{21}=\frac{21(442)}{2}=4641.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

40.

等边三角形 ABCABC 内有一点 PP,满足 PA=8PA=8PB=6PB=6,且 PC=10PC=10。将三角形 ABCABC 的面积取至最接近的整数,所得结果为:

Located inside equilateral triangle ABCABC is a point PP such that PA=8,PA=8, PB=6,PB=6, and PC=10.PC=10. To the nearest integer the area of triangle ABCABC is:

159159

131131

9595

7979

5050

答案:D
难度评级:2370
小提示:

AAPP 旋转 6060^\circ,旋转方向应使 CC 映到 BB

Rotate PP by 6060^\circ about AA so that CC maps to BB

大提示:

所得的 66-88-1010 三角形可以确定 APB\angle APB

The resulting 66-88-1010 triangle determines APB\angle APB

解答:

AAPP 旋转 6060^\circPP'。由于该旋转把 CC 映到 BB,所以 PB=PC=10P'B=PC=10PP=PA=8PP'=PA=8,且 PB=6PB=6。因此三角形 PPBPP'B 是直角三角形。又因为三角形 APPAPP' 是等边三角形,所以 APB=60+90=150\angle APB=60^\circ+90^\circ=150^\circ

设等边三角形边长为 ss,在三角形 APBAPB 中应用余弦定理可得 s2=62+822(6)(8)cos150=100+483 \begin{aligned} s^2 &=6^2+8^2-2(6)(8)\cos150^\circ\\ &=100+48\sqrt3 \end{aligned}\text{。}它的面积为 34s2=36+253 \frac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2=36+25\sqrt3\text{,}最接近的整数是 7979

因此,正确答案是 D

Rotate PP by 6060^\circ about AA to P.P'. Since this rotation sends CC to B,B, we have PB=PC=10,P'B=PC=10, PP=PA=8,PP'=PA=8, and PB=6.PB=6. Thus triangle PPBPP'B is right. Also triangle APPAPP' is equilateral, so APB=60+90=150.\angle APB=60^\circ+90^\circ=150^\circ.

If the equilateral triangle has side s,s, the law of cosines in triangle APBAPB gives s2=62+822(6)(8)cos150=100+483. \begin{aligned} s^2 &=6^2+8^2-2(6)(8)\cos150^\circ\\ &=100+48\sqrt3. \end{aligned} Its area is 34s2=36+253, \frac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2=36+25\sqrt3, whose nearest integer is 79.79.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.