1967 AMC 12 第 36 题

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36.

一个等比数列有五项,每项都是小于 100100 的正整数。五项之和为 211211。若 SS 是其中所有完全平方数项之和,则 SS 为:

Given a geometric progression of five terms, each a positive integer less than 100.100. The sum of the five terms is 211.211. If SS is the sum of those terms in the progression which are squares of integers, then SS is:

00

9191

133133

195195

211211

答案:C
知识点:等比数列整除性完全平方数分类讨论
难度评级:2380
小提示:

将有理公比约成最简分数 cd\frac{c}{d}

Write the rational common ratio in lowest terms as cd\frac{c}{d}

大提示:

各项均为整数意味着中间项是 c2d2c^2d^2 的倍数;再利用 211211 是质数

Integrality forces the middle term to be a multiple of c2d2c^2d^2; use that 211211 is prime

解答:

设最简形式的公比为 cd\frac{c}{d},中间项为 aa。因为五项都是整数,所以 aac2d2c^2d^2 的倍数,可写成 a=kc2d2a=kc^2d^2。此时总和 211211 能被 kk 整除,所以 kk11211211。但中间项 aa 小于 100100,故 k=1k=1

因此 d4+d3c+d2c2+dc3+c4=211 \begin{aligned} d^4+d^3c+d^2c^2&\\ \quad+dc^3+c^4&=211 \end{aligned}\text{。}由范围限制可知 c,d<4c,d\lt4。若其中一个为 11,可能的总和为 553131121121,都不是 211211。再结合互质条件,只剩 ccdd 分别为 2233,次序可以互换。这个数列为 16162424363654548181。其中完全平方数项之和为 16+36+81=13316+36+81=133

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the common ratio be cd\frac{c}{d} in lowest terms and the middle term be a.a. Since all five terms are integers, aa is divisible by c2d2,c^2d^2, so write a=kc2d2.a=kc^2d^2. The sum 211211 is then divisible by k.k. Thus kk is 11 or 211.211. But the middle term aa is less than 100,100, so k=1.k=1.

Thus d4+d3c+d2c2+dc3+c4=211. \begin{aligned} d^4+d^3c+d^2c^2&\\ \quad+dc^3+c^4&=211. \end{aligned} The bound gives c,d<4.c,d\lt4. If either is 1,1, the possible sums are 5,5, 31,31, or 121,121, not 211.211. Coprimality therefore leaves cc and dd equal to 22 and 33 in either order. The progression is 16,16, 24,24, 36,36, 54,54, 81.81. Its square terms sum to 16+36+81=133.16+36+81=133.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

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