1967 AMC 12 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
三位数 加上数 ,得到三位数 。若 能被 整除,则 等于:
The three-digit number is added to the number to give the three-digit number If is divisible by then equals:
小提示:
利用 的各位数字之和
Use the digit sum of
大提示:
求出 后,比较加法算式中的十位数字
After finding compare the tens digits in the addition
解答:
能被 整除要求 是 的倍数。因为 是一位数字,所以 。此时加法为 ,所以 。因此 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Divisibility by requires to be a multiple of Since is a digit, this gives The addition is then so Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
2.
3.
一个等边三角形的边长为 。该三角形内切一个圆,该圆又内接一个正方形。正方形的面积为:
The side of an equilateral triangle is A circle is inscribed in the triangle and a square is inscribed in the circle. The area of the square is:
小提示:
边长为 的等边三角形,其内切圆半径为
The inradius of an equilateral triangle of side is
大提示:
正方形的对角线等于圆的直径
The square’s diagonal is the circle’s diameter
解答:
内切圆半径为 。内接正方形的对角线长为 ,所以其面积为该对角线平方的一半:
因此,正确答案是 B。
The inradius is The inscribed square has diagonal so its area is half the square of that diagonal:
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
4.
已知 ,所有对数的底相同,且 。若 ,则 为:
Given all logarithms to the same base and If then is:
5.
一个三角形外切于半径为 英寸的圆。若三角形的周长为 英寸,面积为 平方英寸,则 为:
A triangle is circumscribed about a circle of radius inches. If the perimeter of the triangle is inches and the area is square inches, then is:
与 的值无关
independent of the value of
小提示:
将三角形分成三个高为 的小三角形
Split the triangle into three smaller triangles with altitude
大提示:
用半周长 表示
Express using the semiperimeter
解答:
连接圆心与三个切点的半径,把三角形分成若干小三角形,它们的总面积为 因此 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The three radii to the points of tangency split the triangle into smaller triangles whose total area is Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
6.
7.
若 ,其中 、、、 为实数且 ,则:
If where are real numbers and then:
必须为负数
must be negative
必须为正数
must be positive
必须不为零
must not be zero
可以为负数或零,但不能为正数
can be negative or zero, but not positive
可以为正数、负数或零
can be positive, negative, or zero
小提示:
除 外, 的符号不受限制
The signs of are unrestricted except that
大提示:
尝试令 ,并选择 使右边为正数
Try and choose so that the right side is positive
解答:
取 且 。不等式变为 ,正数、零和负数中的一些 值都能满足它。因此,三种可能的符号都不是必然的。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Take and The inequality becomes which is satisfied by positive, zero, and negative values of Thus none of the three possible signs is forced.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
8.
向 盎司浓度为 的酸溶液中加入 盎司水,得到浓度为 的溶液。若 ,则 为:
To ounces of an solution of acid, ounces of water are added to yield an solution. If then is:
无法由已知信息确定
not determined by the given information
9.
设 是一个梯形的面积,单位为平方单位,并且该梯形的短底、高、长底依次成等差数列。则:
Let in square units, be the area of a trapezoid such that the shorter base, the altitude, and the longer base, in that order, are in arithmetic progression. Then:
必须是整数
must be an integer
必须是有理分数
must be a rational fraction
必须是无理数
must be an irrational number
必须是整数或有理分数
must be an integer or a rational fraction
、、、 单独看都不成立
taken alone neither nor nor nor is true
小提示:
将三个长度写成 、、
Write the three lengths as and
大提示:
所得面积为 ,但题目没有限制 是哪一类数
The resulting area is but the problem does not restrict the kind of number is
解答:
设短底、高、长底分别为 、、。则 随 的取值不同,它可以是整数、非整数有理数或无理数。选项 (A) 至 (D) 中没有一项必然成立。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let the shorter base, altitude, and longer base be and Then Depending on this can be an integer, a nonintegral rational number, or an irrational number. No one of choices (A) through (D) must hold.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
10.
若
对于 的所有正有理数值都是恒等式,则 的值为:
If
is an identity for positive rational values of then the value of is:
11.
若矩形 的周长为 英寸,则对角线 长度的最小值(单位:英寸)为:
If the perimeter of rectangle is inches, the least value of diagonal in inches, is:
以上都不是
none of these
12.
若由 轴以及直线 、、 围成的(凸)区域面积为 ,则 等于:
If the (convex) area bounded by the -axis and the lines and is then equals:
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
两条平行竖边的长度为 与
The parallel vertical sides have lengths and
大提示:
它们之间的距离为 ,所以使用梯形面积公式
Their separation is , so use the trapezoid-area formula
解答:
围成的区域是一个梯形,其两条平行边长为 与 ,间距为 。因此 所以 ,从而 。两端的高度都为正,符合题中凸区域的要求。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The bounded region is a trapezoid with parallel sides and separated by Thus Hence so The endpoint heights are positive, as required for the stated convex region.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
13.
已知边 (角 的对边)、角 以及从 引出的高 ,要作三角形 。若不全等解的个数为 ,则
A triangle is to be constructed given side (opposite angle ), angle and the altitude from If is the number of noncongruent solutions, then
为
is
为
is
必为零
must be zero
必为无限
must be infinite
必为零或无限
must be zero or infinite
小提示:
固定 ,并从 作一条与其构成已知角的射线
Fix and draw the ray from making the given angle
大提示:
无论 位于该射线的何处, 到该射线的距离都是固定的
The distance from to that ray is fixed, regardless of where lies on it
解答:
固定 ,并从 作一条构成已知角 的射线。点 到该射线的距离是固定的。若这个距离不等于 ,则无解;若等于 ,则可在射线上无限多个位置选择 ,从而得到无限多个互不全等的三角形。因此 必为零或无限。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Fix and draw the ray from that makes the prescribed angle Its distance from is fixed. If that distance is not there is no solution. If it is then may be chosen at infinitely many positions on the ray, producing infinitely many noncongruent triangles. Thus must be zero or infinite.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
14.
15.
两个相似三角形的面积相差 平方英尺,且较大面积与较小面积之比是某个整数的平方。较小三角形的面积(单位:平方英尺)是整数,其一条边长为 英尺。较大三角形的对应边长(单位:英尺)为:
The difference in the areas of two similar triangles is square feet, and the ratio of the larger area to the smaller is the square of an integer. The area of the smaller triangle, in square feet, is an integer, and one of its sides is feet. The corresponding side of the larger triangle, in feet, is:
小提示:
设整数边长比例因子为
Let the integer side-scale factor be
大提示:
若较小面积为 ,则
If the smaller area is then
解答:
设边长比例因子为整数 ,较小面积为整数 。则 因此 是 的正因数。所得 中唯一的完全平方数是 ,所以 。对应边长为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let the side-scale factor be the integer and the smaller area be the integer Then Thus is a positive divisor of The only resulting square is so The corresponding side is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
16.
乘积 中每个因数都用 进制表示,并且该乘积等于 进制的 。设 ,其中每一项都用 进制表示。则用 进制表示的 为:
Let the product each factor written in base equal in base Let each term expressed in base Then in base is:
小提示:
将三个因数与 转换成关于 的多项式
Translate the three factors and into polynomials in
大提示:
所得三次方程的有效进制底数为
The resulting cubic has the valid base
解答:
乘积方程为 化简为 因此,有效的进制底数为 。所求的和为 ,也就是 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The product equation is It simplifies to Thus the valid base is The required sum is which is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
17.
若 与 是 的两个不同实根,则必有:
If and are the distinct real roots of then it must follow that:
或
or
且
and
且
and
18.
若 且 ,则
If and then
可以取任意实数值
can take any real value
小提示:
将 因式分解,以确定 的范围
Factor to locate
大提示:
检查 在该区间上的变化
Check how varies on that interval
解答:
不等式 给出 。在该区间上, 递增,两个端点值为 与 。由于端点不包含在内,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The inequality gives On this interval is increasing, with endpoint values and The endpoints are excluded, so
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
19.
一个矩形加长 英寸并变窄 英寸,或缩短 英寸并变宽 英寸时,面积都保持不变。它的面积(单位:平方英寸)为:
The area of a rectangle remains unchanged when it is made inches longer and inch narrower, or when it is made inches shorter and inch wider. Its area, in square inches, is:
20.
在边长为 的正方形中内切一个圆,再在该圆中内接一个正方形,再在后一个正方形中内切一个圆,如此继续。若 是最前面 个这样内切圆的面积之和,则当 无限增大时, 趋近于:
A circle is inscribed in a square of side then a square is inscribed in that circle, then a circle is inscribed in the latter square, and so on. If is the sum of the areas of the first circles so inscribed, then, as grows beyond all bounds, approaches:
小提示:
第一个圆的面积为
The first circle has area
大提示:
每个后继圆的面积都是前一个圆面积的一半
Each successive circle has half the preceding circle’s area
解答:
第一个圆的面积为 。每个内接正方形使下一个圆的半径平方,从而也使其面积缩小为原来的 。因此极限和为
因此,正确答案是 A。
The first circle has area Each inscribed square reduces the next circle’s squared radius, and hence its area, by a factor of Thus the limiting sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
21.
在直角三角形 中,斜边 ,直角边 。角 的平分线与对边交于 。再作一个直角三角形 ,其斜边 ,直角边 。若角 的平分线与对边交于 ,则 的长度为:
In right triangle the hypotenuse and leg The bisector of angle meets the opposite side in A second right triangle is then constructed with hypotenuse and leg If the bisector of angle meets the opposite side in the length of is:
小提示:
在 -- 三角形中使用角平分线定理
Use the angle-bisector theorem in the -- triangle
大提示:
第二个三角形是第一个三角形缩小一半的副本
The second triangle is a half-scale copy of the first
解答:
因为 ,由角平分线定理可得 。因此 ,且 ,所以三角形 是三角形 缩小一半的副本。
对于原三角形中从 引出的角平分线,所以 。因此 是它的一半,即 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Since the angle-bisector theorem gives Hence and so triangle is a half-scale copy of
For the angle bisector from in the original triangle, so Therefore is half of this, or
Thus, the correct answer is B.
22.
对自然数而言, 除以 时,商为 ,余数为 。当 除以 时,商为 ,余数为 。那么, 除以 时的余数为:
For natural numbers, when is divided by the quotient is and the remainder is When is divided by the quotient is and the remainder is Then, when is divided by the remainder is:
23.
若 为正实数并且无限增大,则 趋近于:
If is real and positive and grows beyond all bounds, then approaches:
不趋近于有限数
no finite number
24.
方程 的正整数解对共有:
The number of solution-pairs in positive integers of the equation is:
以上都不是
none of these
25.
对每个奇数 ,都有:
For every odd number we have:
能被 整除
is divisible by
能被 整除
is divisible by
能被 整除
is divisible by
能被 整除
is divisible by
能被 整除
is divisible by
小提示:
对选项 (A) 模 计算
Work modulo for choice (A)
大提示:
因为 ,每个正整数次幂都有相同的余数
Since every positive power has the same residue
解答:
因为 为奇数,所以 是正整数。模 时,有 。因此 所以选项 (A) 总是成立。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Because is odd, is a positive integer. Modulo we have Therefore Thus choice (A) always holds.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
26.
若只使用表中信息 、、、、、,则关于 能作出的最强结论是它位于下列哪两个数之间?
If one uses only the tabular information then the strongest statement one can make for is that it lies between:
与
and
与
and
与
and
与
and
与
and
27.
两支等长的蜡烛由不同材料制成,其中一支以均匀速度在 小时内燃尽,另一支在 小时内燃尽。应在下午几点点燃蜡烛,才能使下午 点时一支蜡烛的剩余长度是另一支的两倍?
Two candles of the same length are made of different materials so that one burns out completely at a uniform rate in hours and the other in hours. At what time P.M. should the candles be lighted so that, at P.M., one stub is twice the length of the other?
小提示:
设蜡烛在下午 点前燃烧的小时数为
Let be the number of hours the candles burn before P.M.
大提示:
它们剩余的比例分别为 与
Their remaining fractions are and
解答:
经过 小时后,燃烧较快和较慢的蜡烛剩余比例分别为 与 。较慢蜡烛的剩余长度必须是较快蜡烛的两倍:因此 小时 分钟。从下午 点向前推,得到下午 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
After hours, the faster and slower candles have fractions and remaining. The slower stub must be twice the faster: Thus hours minutes. Counting back from P.M. gives P.M.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
28.
已知两个前提:I 有些 Mem 不是 En;II 没有 En 是 Vee。若“有些”表示“至少一个”,则可以得出:
Given the two hypotheses: I Some Mems are not Ens and II No Ens are Vees. If “some” means “at least one,” we can conclude that:
有些 Mem 不是 Vee
Some Mems are not Vees
有些 Vee 不是 Mem
Some Vees are not Mems
没有 Mem 是 Vee
No Mem is a Vee
有些 Mem 是 Vee
Some Mems are Vees
无法从已知命题推出 、、、 中的任何一个
Neither nor nor nor is deducible from the given statements
小提示:
将三类对象转化为集合
Translate the three kinds of objects into sets
大提示:
在保持两个前提成立的同时,分别检验 与
Test both and while keeping the two hypotheses true
解答:
这些前提只说明 中有某个元素不在 中,并且 。令 的模型在满足前提的同时使 (A)、(B)、(C) 都为假;令 的模型则使 (D) 为假。因此,选项 (A) 至 (D) 都不是必然结论。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The hypotheses say only that some element of lies outside and that A model with makes (A), (B), and (C) false while satisfying the hypotheses. A model with makes (D) false. Hence none of choices (A) through (D) is forced.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
29.
是一个圆的直径。作切线 与 ,使 与 交于圆上一点。若 、,且 ,则圆的直径为:
is a diameter of a circle. Tangents and are drawn so that and intersect in a point on the circle. If and the diameter of the circle is:
小提示:
设圆上的交点为 ;则
Let the intersection point on the circle be ; then
大提示:
利用两条平行切线比较直角三角形 与
Use the parallel tangents to compare right triangles and
解答:
设直径 。因为 与 的交点在圆上,所以由泰勒斯定理,这两条直线互相垂直。此外,切线 与 平行。由此得到的直角三角形 与 相似,所以 因此 ,且 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let be the diameter. Since the intersection of and lies on the circle, those two lines are perpendicular by Thales’ theorem. Also the tangents and are parallel. The resulting right triangles and are similar, so Hence and
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
30.
一名商人用 美元买了 台收音机,其中 是正整数。他以成本一半的价格将两台收音机提供给社区义卖会,其余每台以获利 的价格售出。若总利润为 ,则根据已知信息, 的最小可能值为:
A dealer bought radios for dollars, a positive integer. He contributed two radios to a community bazaar at half their cost. The rest he sold at a profit of on each radio sold. If the overall profit was then the least possible value of for the given information is:
小提示:
每台收音机的成本为 美元
Each radio costs dollars
大提示:
写出 台获利销售与两台半价销售所得的总收入
Write the total intake from profitable sales and two half-cost sales
解答:
台正常销售带来 的收入,两台义卖收音机合计带来 的收入。由于总收入为 ,化简得 。正性要求 ,而 给出正整数 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The regular sales bring while the two bazaar radios bring together. Since the total intake is This reduces to Positivity requires and gives the positive integer
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
31.
设 ,其中 、 为相邻整数,且 。则 :
Let where are consecutive integers and Then is:
总是偶整数
always an even integer
有时是奇整数,有时不是
sometimes an odd integer, sometimes not
总是奇整数
always an odd integer
有时是有理数,有时不是
sometimes rational, sometimes not
总是无理数
always irrational
32.
四边形 的对角线 与 交于 ,且 、、、、。则 的长度为:
In quadrilateral with diagonals and intersecting at and The length of is:
33.
图中分别以 、 和 为直径作半圆,使它们两两相切。若 ,则阴影面积与以 为半径的圆面积之比为:
In this diagram semi-circles are constructed on diameters and so that they are mutually tangent. If then the ratio of the shaded area to the area of a circle with as radius is:
小提示:
用大半圆的面积减去两个小半圆的面积
Subtract the two small semicircle areas from the large one
大提示:
在直角三角形 中,高定理给出
In right triangle the altitude theorem gives
解答:
设 、。阴影面积等于大半圆的面积减去两个小半圆的面积:因为 位于以 为直径的半圆上,所以三角形 是直角三角形,且其高满足 。因此,以 为半径的圆面积为 。所求比为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let and The shaded area is the large semicircle minus the two smaller ones: Since lies on the semicircle with diameter triangle is right, and its altitude satisfies A circle of radius therefore has area The required ratio is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
34.
在三角形 的边 、 和 上分别取点 、、,使得 、,且 。三角形 与三角形 的面积之比为:
Points are taken respectively on sides and of triangle so that and The ratio of the area of triangle to that of triangle is:
小提示:
从三角形 中减去三个顶角处的小三角形
Subtract the three corner triangles from triangle
大提示:
每个顶角处的小三角形与原三角形的面积比都是
Each corner triangle has area ratio
解答:
在每个顶点处,小三角形所占相邻两边的比例分别为 和 。因此,每个顶角处的小三角形面积都是 的 倍。所以
因此,正确答案是 A。
At each vertex, the two adjacent side fractions used by the corner triangle are and Thus each corner triangle has area times Therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
35.
方程 的各根成等差数列。最大根与最小根之差为:
The roots of are in arithmetic progression. The difference between the largest and smallest roots is:
小提示:
将三个根写成 、、
Write the roots as and
大提示:
先利用根的和求出 ,再利用根的积求出
Use their sum to find then use their product to find
解答:
设三个根为 、、。它们的和为 ,所以 。它们的积为 代入 得 ,所以最大根与最小根之差为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let the roots be and Their sum is so Their product is Substituting gives so the difference between the extreme roots is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
36.
一个等比数列有五项,每项都是小于 的正整数。五项之和为 。若 是其中所有完全平方数项之和,则 为:
Given a geometric progression of five terms, each a positive integer less than The sum of the five terms is If is the sum of those terms in the progression which are squares of integers, then is:
小提示:
将有理公比约成最简分数
Write the rational common ratio in lowest terms as
大提示:
各项均为整数意味着中间项是 的倍数;再利用 是质数
Integrality forces the middle term to be a multiple of ; use that is prime
解答:
设最简形式的公比为 ,中间项为 。因为五项都是整数,所以 是 的倍数,可写成 。此时总和 能被 整除,所以 为 或 。但中间项 小于 ,故 。
因此 由范围限制可知 。若其中一个为 ,可能的总和为 、 或 ,都不是 。再结合互质条件,只剩 与 分别为 和 ,次序可以互换。这个数列为 、、、、。其中完全平方数项之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the common ratio be in lowest terms and the middle term be Since all five terms are integers, is divisible by so write The sum is then divisible by Thus is or But the middle term is less than so
Thus The bound gives If either is the possible sums are or not Coprimality therefore leaves and equal to and in either order. The progression is Its square terms sum to
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
37.
从三角形 的三个顶点分别向一条不与三角形相交的直线 作垂线段 、、。点 、、 是这些垂线与 的交点。若三条中线交于 ,从该点向 作垂线段 ,且其长度为 ,则 为:
Segments are drawn from the vertices of triangle each perpendicular to a straight line not intersecting the triangle. Points are the intersection points of with the perpendiculars. If is the length of the perpendicular segment drawn to from the intersection point of the medians of the triangle, then is:
无法确定
undetermined
小提示:
点到固定直线的有向距离是仿射函数
Signed distance from a point to a fixed line is an affine function
大提示:
重心的位置向量是三个顶点位置向量的平均值
The centroid is the average of the three vertices
解答:
由于 不与三角形相交,三个垂直距离的符号相同。点到固定直线的有向距离是仿射函数,而重心是三个顶点的平均。因此,重心到直线的距离等于三个距离的平均值:
因此,正确答案是 A。
Because does not intersect the triangle, the three perpendicular distances have the same sign. Signed distance to a fixed line is affine, and the centroid is the average of the vertices. Therefore its distance is the average
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
38.
给定一个集合 ,其中含有两种未定义的元素“pib”和“maa”,并给出以下四条公设:
:每个 pib 都是若干 maa 的集合。
:任意两个不同的 pib 恰好共有一个 maa。
:每个 maa 恰好属于两个 pib。
:恰好有四个 pib。
考虑以下三个定理:
:恰好有六个 maa。
:每个 pib 中恰好有三个 maa。
:对每个 maa,恰好有另一个 maa 不与它同属任何一个 pib。
可以由这些公设推出的定理是:
Given a set consisting of two undefined elements “pib” and “maa,” and the four postulates:
Every pib is a collection of maas.
Any two distinct pibs have one and only one maa in common.
Every maa belongs to two and only two pibs.
There are exactly four pibs.
Consider the three theorems:
There are exactly six maas.
There are exactly three maas in each pib.
For each maa there is exactly one other maa not in the same pib with it.
The theorems which are deducible from the postulates are:
仅
only
仅 和
and only
仅 和
and only
仅 和
and only
全部三个
all
小提示:
将四个 pib 标记为 、、、
Label the four pibs and
大提示:
每个 maa 对应一对无序的 pib
Each maa corresponds to an unordered pair of pibs
解答:
将四个 pib 标记为 、、、。由 和 可知,每个 maa 恰好是一对无序 pib 所共有的 maa。因此共有 个 maa,这就证明了 。
固定一个 pib ,它含有三个形如 的 maa,其中 ,这证明了 。对于 maa ,唯一一个与它不共属任一 pib 的 maa,就是属于其余两个 pib 所成之互补对的 maa,这证明了 。因此三个定理都能推出。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Label the four pibs and By and every maa is exactly the common maa of one unordered pair of pibs. Thus there are maas, proving
A fixed pib contains the three maas with proving For maa the unique maa sharing neither pib is the one belonging to the complementary pair of pibs, proving All three follow.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
39.
给出由连续整数组成的各集合 、、、、,每个集合都比前一个集合多一个元素,且后一个集合的首项比前一个集合的末项大一。设 为第 个集合中所有元素之和,则 等于:
Given the sets of consecutive integers where each set contains one more element than the preceding one, and where the first element of each succeeding set is one more than the last element of the preceding set. Let be the sum of the elements in the th set. Then equals:
以上均不是
none of these
40.
等边三角形 内有一点 ,满足 、,且 。将三角形 的面积取至最接近的整数,所得结果为:
Located inside equilateral triangle is a point such that and To the nearest integer the area of triangle is:
小提示:
绕 将 旋转 ,旋转方向应使 映到
Rotate by about so that maps to
大提示:
所得的 -- 三角形可以确定
The resulting -- triangle determines
解答:
绕 将 旋转 到 。由于该旋转把 映到 ,所以 、,且 。因此三角形 是直角三角形。又因为三角形 是等边三角形,所以 。
设等边三角形边长为 ,在三角形 中应用余弦定理可得 它的面积为 最接近的整数是 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Rotate by about to Since this rotation sends to we have and Thus triangle is right. Also triangle is equilateral, so
If the equilateral triangle has side the law of cosines in triangle gives Its area is whose nearest integer is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.