1964 AMC 12 第 36 题

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36.

在图中,圆的半径等于等边三角形 ABCABC 的高。让圆沿边 ABAB 滚动,并始终在动点 TT 处与该边相切,同时分别在动点 MMNN 处与直线 ACACBCBC 相交。设弧 MTNMTN 的度数为 nn。那么对于圆的所有允许位置,nn

In this figure the radius of the circle is equal to the altitude of the equilateral triangle ABC.ABC. The circle is made to roll along the side AB,AB, remaining tangent to it at a variable point TT and intersecting lines ACAC and BCBC in variable points MM and N,N, respectively. Let nn be the number of degrees in arc MTN.MTN. Then n,n, for all permissible positions of the circle:

3030^\circ9090^\circ 之间变化

varies from 3030^\circ to 9090^\circ

3030^\circ6060^\circ 之间变化

varies from 3030^\circ to 6060^\circ

6060^\circ9090^\circ 之间变化

varies from 6060^\circ to 9090^\circ

恒为 3030^\circ

remains constant at 3030^\circ

恒为 6060^\circ

remains constant at 6060^\circ

答案:E
知识点:坐标几何等边三角形圆周角
难度评级:2130
小提示:

圆心 OO 和顶点 CCABAB 的距离都等于三角形的高,所以 COABCO\parallel AB

The circle’s center OO and vertex CC are the same distance above ABAB, so COABCO\parallel AB

大提示:

延长 NCNCCC,使其再次与圆交于 DD,再利用关于直线 COCO 的反射

Extend NCNC through CC to meet the circle again at DD, then use reflection across line COCO

解答:

OO 为圆心。OOCCABAB 的距离都等于三角形的高,所以 COABCO\parallel AB。延长 NCNCCC,使其再次与圆交于 DD。由于 CDCDCNCN 方向相反,MCD=180MCN=120 \begin{aligned} \angle MCD &=180^\circ-\angle MCN\\ &=120^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}平行于 ABAB 的直线 COCO 平分这个角。关于 COCO 的反射使圆保持不变,并交换射线 CMCMCDCD,所以也交换点 MMDD。因此 CM=CDCM=CD,等腰三角形 MCDMCD 的两个底角均为 3030^\circ

由于 D,C,ND,C,N 共线,MDN=30\angle MDN=30^\circ。这个圆周角所对的是弧 MTNMTN,因此在圆的每个允许位置,弧的度数都为 6060^\circ

所以,正确答案是 E

Let OO be the circle’s center. Both OO and CC are one triangle altitude above AB,AB, so COAB.CO\parallel AB. Extend NCNC through CC to meet the circle again at D.D. Since CDCD is opposite to CN,CN, MCD=180MCN=120. \begin{aligned} \angle MCD &=180^\circ-\angle MCN\\ &=120^\circ. \end{aligned} The line CO,CO, parallel to AB,AB, bisects this angle. Reflection across COCO fixes the circle and interchanges rays CMCM and CD,CD, so it interchanges MM and D.D. Hence CM=CD,CM=CD, and isosceles triangle MCDMCD has base angles 30.30^\circ.

Because D,C,ND,C,N are collinear, MDN=30.\angle MDN=30^\circ. This inscribed angle subtends arc MTN,MTN, whose measure is therefore 6060^\circ for every permissible circle position.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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