1964 AMC 12 详解
向下滚动即可查看来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh 的精心整理的解答,打印PDF 解答,查看答案,或参加完整限时模拟考试。
所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
的值是多少?
What is the value of
2.
方程 的图像是:
The graph of is:
一条抛物线
a parabola
一个椭圆
an ellipse
两条直线
a pair of straight lines
一个点
a point
以上都不是
none of these
3.
正整数 除以正整数 时,商为 ,余数为 ,其中 和 都是整数。那么 除以 的余数是多少?
When a positive integer is divided by a positive integer the quotient is and the remainder is where and are integers. What is the remainder when is divided by
4.
5.
若 与 成正比,且 时 ,那么 时 的值是:
If varies directly as and if when the value of when is:
,其中 、、
,其中 、、
6.
若 、、、 构成等比数列,则第四项是:
If are in geometric progression, the fourth term is:
小提示:
三个连续非零项中,中间一项的平方等于相邻两项的乘积
For three consecutive nonzero terms, the middle term squared equals the product of its neighbors
大提示:
求出 后,将第三项乘以公比
After finding multiply the third term by the common ratio
解答:
等比中项关系给出 按本试题对等比数列的公比约定,相邻项之比必须有定义,所以 。两边除以 ,得 ,从而 。前三项为 ,公比为 。第四项是 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The geometric-mean relation gives Under the examination’s ratio convention for a geometric progression, the consecutive ratios must be defined, so Dividing by yields and The first three terms are with ratio The fourth is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
7.
设 为使下列方程有相等两根的实数 的个数:
则 的值为:
Let be the number of real values of for which the roots of
are equal. Then equals:
大于 的有限数
a finite number greater than
无穷大
an infinitely large number
8.
方程
的较小根是:
The smaller root of the equation
is:
9.
一名批发商按 再减去 的价格买入一件商品。他想在标价打 折扣后,仍获得相当于成本 的利润。这件商品应标价多少美元?
A jobber buys an article at less He then wishes to sell the article at a gain of of his cost after allowing a discount on his marked price. At what price, in dollars, should the article be marked?
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
先算折扣后的成本,再增加三分之一
Compute the discounted cost first, then increase it by one third
大提示:
售价是标价的
The selling price is of the marked price
解答:
成本为 美元。增加三分之一的利润后,目标售价为 美元。设标价为 ,则 ,所以 。选项中没有这个数值。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The cost is dollars. A gain of one third makes the desired selling price dollars. If is the marked price, then so This is not listed.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
10.
一个正方形的边长为 。以它的一条对角线为底,作一个三边互不相等且面积与正方形相等的三角形。这个三角形对该底边的高为:
Given a square with side of length On a diagonal as base a triangle with three unequal sides is constructed so that its area equals that of the square. The length of the altitude drawn to the base is:
11.
已知 且 ,求 的值。
Given and find the value of
12.
下列哪一项是此命题的否定:对于某个集合中的所有 ,都有 ?
Which of the following is the negation of the statement: For all of a certain set,
对所有 ,
For all
对所有 ,
For all
不存在 使
For no
存在某个 使
For some
存在某个 使
For some
小提示:
“对所有”的否定以“存在某个”开头
The negation of “for all” begins with “for some”
大提示:
的否定是
Negating gives
解答:
全称命题的否定是存在命题,而 的否定是 。因此否定命题是:存在某个 ,使 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The negation of a universal statement is an existential statement, and the negation of is Thus the negation is: for some
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
13.
一个三角形的三边长为 、 和 ,其内切圆与长度为 的边相切,并将该边分成长度为 和 的两段,其中 。求 。
A circle is inscribed in a triangle with side lengths and Let the segments of the side of length made by a point of tangency, be and with What is the ratio
小提示:
计算三角形的半周长
Compute the semiperimeter of the triangle
大提示:
与某顶点相邻的切线段长等于半周长减去该顶点的对边长
A tangency segment adjacent to a vertex equals the semiperimeter minus the opposite side
解答:
半周长为 。长度为 的边两端对应的切线段长分别为 和 。因此 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The semiperimeter is At the endpoints of the side of length the tangent lengths are and Thus
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
14.
一位农民买了 只羊。他卖出其中 只,所得正好等于购买 只羊的总成本。剩余 只羊的每只售价与前 只相同。相对于成本,整笔交易的利润百分比是:
A farmer bought sheep. He sold of them for the price paid for the sheep. The remaining sheep were sold at the same price per head as the other Based on the cost, the percent gain on the entire transaction is:
15.
一条经过点 的直线在第二象限截出一个面积为 的三角形区域。该直线的方程是:
A line through the point cuts from the second quadrant a triangular region with area The equation of the line is:
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
若正的 轴截距为 ,则
If the positive -intercept is then
大提示:
使用截距式
Use the intercept form
解答:
设 轴截距为 。第二象限内三角形的面积为 ,所以 。直线的截距式为 消去分母得 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let the -intercept be The second-quadrant triangle has area so The intercept form is Clearing denominators gives
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
16.
设 ,并设 为整数集合 。使 除以 的余数为零的 中元素 的个数是:
Let and let be the set of integers The number of members of such that has remainder zero when divided by is:
小提示:
将 分解为
Factor as
大提示:
该乘积总是偶数;判断 模 的哪一类余数不符合
The product is always even; determine which residue of modulo fails
解答:
有 ,这是两个连续整数的乘积,所以总是偶数。除非 ,否则它能被 整除。在 中,有九个数是 的倍数。因此有 个数符合条件。
因此,正确答案是 E。
We have a product of consecutive integers, so it is always even. It is divisible by unless Among nine values are multiples of Thus values work.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
17.
给定互不相同的点 、 和 。将这些点彼此连接,并分别与原点 连接。在三种可能中: 平行四边形、 直线、 梯形,根据点 、 和 的位置,图形 可以是:
Given the distinct points and Line segments are drawn connecting these points to each other and to the origin Of the three possibilities: parallelogram, straight line, trapezoid, figure depending upon the location of the points and can be:
仅
only
仅
only
仅
only
仅 或
or only
三种都可以
all three
小提示:
将位置向量关系理解为
Interpret the position vectors as
大提示:
分别讨论向量 和 线性无关与线性相关的情形
Separate the cases in which the vectors and are independent or dependent
解答:
当 和 不共线时,关系 使 的两组对边分别平行且相等,所以图形是平行四边形。若两个向量线性相关,则四点都在一条直线上。它不可能是严格意义上的梯形。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The relation makes opposite sides of parallel and equal whenever and are not collinear, so the figure is a parallelogram. If the two vectors are dependent, all four points lie on a straight line. It cannot be a genuine trapezoid.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
设使 与 图像相同的 、 数值对的个数为 。则 是:
Let be the number of pairs of values of and such that and have the same graph. Then is:
有限但大于
finite but more than
大于任何有限数
greater than any finite number
小提示:
表示同一直线的两个方程,其三项系数成比例
Coincident line equations have proportional coefficient triples
大提示:
令 ,并利用第一、第三个分量
Set and use the first and third coordinates
解答:
要使图像相同,必须有 。因此 且 ,所以 。每个值都通过 和 确定一组数值。因此共有两对。
因此,正确答案是 C。
For the same graph, Thus and so Each value determines one pair through and Hence there are two pairs.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
19.
20.
展开式中所有项的数值系数之和是:
The sum of the numerical coefficients of all the terms in the expansion of is:
21.
22.
在平行四边形 中, 是对角线 的中点。将点 与边 上一点 相连,使 。三角形 的面积与四边形 的面积之比是多少?
Given parallelogram with the midpoint of diagonal Point is connected to a point in so that What is the ratio of the area of triangle to the area of quadrilateral
小提示:
使用向量 、、
Use vectors and
大提示:
此时 且 ;分别求两部分面积占平行四边形面积的比例
Then and ; compute both areas as fractions of the parallelogram
解答:
设平行四边形面积为 ,并取 、、。则 ,。由行列式得 。对于四边形 ,两部分面积给出 所求比为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the parallelogram’s area be with and Then and Determinants give For quadrilateral the two determinant contributions give The desired ratio is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
23.
两个数的差、和与积之比为 。这两个数的乘积是:
Two numbers are such that their difference, their sum, and their product are to one another as The product of the two numbers is:
小提示:
将差、和、积分别表示为 、、
Represent the difference, sum, and product by and
大提示:
两个数分别为 和
The two numbers are and
解答:
设差为 ,和为 。两个数为 和 ,所以乘积为 。而比值还说明乘积为 。由于两数不同,,故 ,乘积为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let the difference be and the sum be The numbers are and so their product is But the ratio also says the product is For distinct numbers so and the product is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
24.
设 ,其中 、 为常数。当 取何值时, 最小?
Let constants. For what value of is a minimum?
25.
使 能分解为两个关于 和 的整系数一次因式的 值恰好是:
The set of values of for which has two factors, with integer coefficients, which are linear in and is precisely:
、、
、
、
小提示:
将因式写成
Write the factors as
大提示:
缺少 项且交叉项为 ,这迫使
The missing -term and the -term force
解答:
将分解式写成 。比较 和 的系数,得 且 ,可取 、。其余系数给出 因而 。若 ,则 ;否则 、,且 。这两个值都能得到有效的整系数因式分解。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Write the factorization as Comparing the and coefficients gives and so take The other coefficients give Hence If then otherwise and Both values produce valid integer factorizations.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
26.
在一场十英里赛跑中,第一名领先第二名 英里,领先第三名 英里。若三人全程保持恒速,第二名将领先第三名多少英里?
In a ten-mile race First beats Second by miles and First beats Third by miles. If the runners maintain constant speeds throughout the race, by how many miles does Second beat Third?
小提示:
第一名到达终点时,第二名和第三名分别跑了 与 英里
When First finishes, Second and Third have run and miles
大提示:
比较第二名跑完 英里时第三名跑过的距离
Compare Third’s distance when Second completes miles
解答:
相对于第一名的速度,第二名的速度为 ,第三名的速度为 。因此第三名的速度是第二名的 。当第二名跑完 英里时,第三名跑了 英里,所以第二名领先 英里。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Relative to First’s speed, Second’s speed is and Third’s is Thus Third runs as fast as Second. When Second finishes miles, Third has run miles, so Second wins by miles.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
27.
若 为实数,且 ,其中 ,则:
If is a real number and where then:
小提示:
将这个和理解为 到 与 的距离之和
Interpret the sum as the distances from to and
大提示:
求它在 时的最小值,并注意不等式是严格的
Find its minimum for , remembering the inequality is strict
解答:
由三角不等式,对 与 之间的每个 ,等号都成立。因此严格不等式恰在 时有实数解。
因此,正确答案是 E。
By the triangle inequality, Equality holds for every between and Therefore the strict inequality has a real solution exactly when
Thus, the correct answer is E.
28.
一个等差数列前 项的和为 ,公差为 。若首项为整数且 ,则 可能取值的个数是:
The sum of terms of an arithmetic progression is and the common difference is If the first term is an integer, and then the number of possible values for is:
小提示:
若首项为 ,则其和为
If the first term is the sum is
大提示:
列出 的所有大于 的约数
List the divisors of that exceed
解答:
等差数列求和公式化为 因此 必须整除 ,而每个这样的 都给出整数 。大于 的约数为 、、、、,所以共有五种可能。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The arithmetic-series formula simplifies to Thus must divide and every such gives an integer The divisors greater than are and so there are five possibilities.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
29.
在图中,, 英寸, 英寸, 英寸,且 英寸。 的长度(英寸)为:
In this figure inches, inches, inches, and inches. The length of in inches, is:
无法确定
undetermined
30.
31.
设
则用 表示的 等于:
Let
Then expressed in terms of equals:
小提示:
将两个指数式的底数记为 和
Call the two exponential bases and
大提示:
的两个根都满足
Both roots of satisfy
解答:
每个底数 都满足 ,所以 。因此 将此恒等式逐项用于定义中的线性组合,得 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Each base satisfies so Therefore Applying this identity term by term to the defining linear combination gives
Thus, the correct answer is B.
32.
若 ,则:
If then:
必须等于
must equal
必须等于零
must equal zero
或 ,也可能两者都成立
either or or both
若 ,则
if
小提示:
将两个分式交叉相乘
Cross-multiply the two fractions
大提示:
将所有项移到一边并提取
Move all terms to one side and factor out
解答:
交叉相乘得 。移去右边并分解因式,得 因此要么 ,要么总和为零,也可能两者都成立。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Cross-multiplication gives Subtracting the right side and factoring yields Hence either or the sum is zero, and both may occur.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
33.
是矩形 内一点,且 英寸, 英寸, 英寸。则 的长度(英寸)为:
is a point interior to rectangle and such that inches, inches, and inches. Then in inches, equals:
34.
若 是 的倍数,则和式
其中 ,其值为:
If is a multiple of the sum
where equals:
小提示:
按 的每四个连续幂将各项分组
Group the terms in blocks of four powers of
大提示:
每个以系数 开始的完整组之和为
Each complete block beginning with coefficient sums to
解答:
写成 。对 ,指数从 到 的四项之和为 最后一项为 。因此
因此,正确答案是 C。
Write For the four terms with exponents through sum to The final term is Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is C.
35.
三角形的三边长为 、 和 。三条高交于点 。若 是边长为 的边上的高,则 为多少?
The sides of a triangle are of lengths and The altitudes of the triangle meet at point If is the altitude to the side of length what is the ratio
小提示:
边长为 、、 的三角形面积为 ,所以边长为 的边上的高为
The -- triangle has area , so the altitude to side is
大提示:
高的垂足把边长为 的边分成长度为 和 的两段;用坐标求出 的位置
The altitude foot divides the side of length into segments and ; use coordinates to locate
解答:
由海伦公式可得面积为 ,所以 。邻接的边长为 的边在底边上的投影长为 ,底边剩余部分长为 。设 、。直线 的斜率为 ,所以经过 的高的斜率为 ,并在高度 处与 相交。因此 从而 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Heron’s formula gives area so The adjacent -side has projection leaving on the base. Put Line has slope so the altitude through has slope and meets at height Thus giving
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
36.
在图中,圆的半径等于等边三角形 的高。让圆沿边 滚动,并始终在动点 处与该边相切,同时分别在动点 和 处与直线 和 相交。设弧 的度数为 。那么对于圆的所有允许位置,:
In this figure the radius of the circle is equal to the altitude of the equilateral triangle The circle is made to roll along the side remaining tangent to it at a variable point and intersecting lines and in variable points and respectively. Let be the number of degrees in arc Then for all permissible positions of the circle:
在 到 之间变化
varies from to
在 到 之间变化
varies from to
在 到 之间变化
varies from to
恒为
remains constant at
恒为
remains constant at
小提示:
圆心 和顶点 到 的距离都等于三角形的高,所以
The circle’s center and vertex are the same distance above , so
大提示:
延长 过 ,使其再次与圆交于 ,再利用关于直线 的反射
Extend through to meet the circle again at , then use reflection across line
解答:
设 为圆心。 和 到 的距离都等于三角形的高,所以 。延长 过 ,使其再次与圆交于 。由于 与 方向相反,平行于 的直线 平分这个角。关于 的反射使圆保持不变,并交换射线 与 ,所以也交换点 与 。因此 ,等腰三角形 的两个底角均为 。
由于 共线,。这个圆周角所对的是弧 ,因此在圆的每个允许位置,弧的度数都为 。
所以,正确答案是 E。
Let be the circle’s center. Both and are one triangle altitude above so Extend through to meet the circle again at Since is opposite to The line parallel to bisects this angle. Reflection across fixes the circle and interchanges rays and so it interchanges and Hence and isosceles triangle has base angles
Because are collinear, This inscribed angle subtends arc whose measure is therefore for every permissible circle position.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
37.
给定两个正数 、,且 。设它们的算术平均数为 A.M.,正的几何平均数为 G.M.。那么 A.M. 与 G.M. 之差总小于:
Given two positive numbers such that Let A.M. be their arithmetic mean and let G.M. be their positive geometric mean. Then A.M. minus G.M. is always less than:
小提示:
用 改写
Rewrite using
大提示:
将 因式分解,再与选项 D 比较
Factor to compare with choice D
解答:
我们有 约去正因子 后,与选项 D 的比较化为 由于 ,这个不等式成立。因此,A.M. 与 G.M. 之差总小于选项 D 中的式子。
所以,正确答案是 D。
We have After canceling the positive factor comparison with choice D reduces to This is true because Thus A.M. minus G.M. is always less than the expression in choice D.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
38.
三角形 的边 和 的长度分别为 英寸和 英寸。中线 长 英寸。那么 的长度(英寸)为:
The sides and of triangle are respectively of lengths inches and inches. The median is inches. Then in inches, is:
39.
如图,三角形 的三边长分别为 、、,且 。分别作过内点 和顶点 、、 的直线,与对边交于 、、。设 。那么对于点 的所有位置, 小于:
The magnitudes of the sides of triangle are as shown, with Through interior point and the vertices lines are drawn meeting the opposite sides in respectively. Let Then, for all positions of point is less than:
小提示:
线段上一点到某个固定顶点的距离小于该线段较远端点到此顶点的距离
A point on a segment is closer to a fixed vertex than the farther endpoint of that segment
大提示:
分别用相邻边长估计 、 和 的上界
Bound , , and separately using their adjacent side lengths
解答:
对于一个固定顶点,到该顶点的距离平方沿对边是凸函数,所以最大值在端点处取得。由于每条顶点连线与对边的交点都在该边内部,三式相加得 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
For a fixed vertex, squared distance is a convex function along the opposite side, so its maximum occurs at an endpoint. Since each cevian endpoint is interior to its side, Adding gives
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
40.
一块手表每天慢 分钟。三月 日下午 时将它校准。设某时刻应加在手表显示时间上的正校正量为 分钟。当手表显示三月 日上午 时, 等于:
A watch loses minutes per day. It is set right at P.M. on March Let be the positive correction, in minutes, to be added to the time shown by the watch at a given time. When the watch shows A.M. on March equals:
小提示:
手表的走时速率是实际时间的
The watch advances as fast as real time
大提示:
从手表显示的三月 日下午 时到三月 日上午 时,共经过 个显示分钟
From the displayed P.M. on March to A.M. on March is displayed minutes
解答:
手表走时速率是正确速率的 。手表显示的经过时间为 天 小时,即 分钟。因此,实际经过时间为 ,校正量为
因此,正确答案是 A。
The watch runs at of the correct rate. The displayed elapsed time is days hours, or minutes. Thus the real elapsed time is and the correction is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.