1967 AMC 12 第 33 题

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33.

图中分别以 ABABACACCBCB 为直径作半圆,使它们两两相切。若 CDABCD\perp AB,则阴影面积与以 CDCD 为半径的圆面积之比为:

In this diagram semi-circles are constructed on diameters AB,AB, AC,AC, and CB,CB, so that they are mutually tangent. If CDAB,CD\perp AB, then the ratio of the shaded area to the area of a circle with CDCD as radius is:

1:21:2

1:31:3

3:7\sqrt3:7

1:41:4

2:6\sqrt2:6

答案:D
知识点:圆面积直角三角形面积比
难度评级:1990
小提示:

用大半圆的面积减去两个小半圆的面积

Subtract the two small semicircle areas from the large one

大提示:

在直角三角形 ADBADB 中,高定理给出 CD2=ACCBCD^2=AC\cdot CB

In right triangle ADB,ADB, the altitude theorem gives CD2=ACCBCD^2=AC\cdot CB

解答:

AC=uAC=uCB=vCB=v。阴影面积等于大半圆的面积减去两个小半圆的面积:π8((u+v)2u2v2)=πuv4 \frac{\pi}{8}\bigl((u+v)^2-u^2-v^2\bigr) =\frac{\pi uv}{4}\text{。}因为 DD 位于以 ABAB 为直径的半圆上,所以三角形 ADBADB 是直角三角形,且其高满足 CD2=uvCD^2=uv。因此,以 CDCD 为半径的圆面积为 πuv\pi uv。所求比为 1:41:4

因此,正确答案是 D

Let AC=uAC=u and CB=v.CB=v. The shaded area is the large semicircle minus the two smaller ones: π8((u+v)2u2v2)=πuv4. \frac{\pi}{8}\bigl((u+v)^2-u^2-v^2\bigr) =\frac{\pi uv}{4}. Since DD lies on the semicircle with diameter AB,AB, triangle ADBADB is right, and its altitude satisfies CD2=uv.CD^2=uv. A circle of radius CDCD therefore has area πuv.\pi uv. The required ratio is 1:4.1:4.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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