1972 AMC 12 第 33 题

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33.

一个由三个互不相同的非零数字组成的十进制数除以其各位数字之和,所得商的最小值为:

The minimum value of the quotient of a (base ten) number of three different nonzero digits divided by the sum of its digits is:

9.79.7

10.110.1

10.510.5

10.910.9

20.520.5

答案:C
知识点:数字最优化不等式
难度评级:2140
小提示:

设百位、十位和个位数字分别为 HHTTUU,考虑最大数字应放在哪一位

Let the hundreds, tens, and units digits be H,H, T,T, and U,U, and consider which position should contain the largest digit

大提示:

取到最小值时 U=9U=9;然后在数字互不相同且非零的条件下,使 TT 最大、HH 最小

At a minimum U=9U=9; then maximize TT and minimize HH subject to distinct nonzero digits

解答:

设这个商为 QQ。则 Q=1+99H+9TH+T+U Q=1+\frac{99H+9T}{H+T+U}\text{。}UU 小于前两位中的某个数字,交换二者会使商减小,所以个位数字必须最大。因为这个商大于 11,增大个位数字会使商减小,故 U=9U=9。此时 T+11HT+H+9=1+10H9T+H+9 \frac{T+11H}{T+H+9} =1+\frac{10H-9}{T+H+9}\text{。}取最大的可用数字 T=8T=8,再取最小的 H=1H=1,即可使其最小。这个数是 189189,并且 1891+8+9=18918=10.5 \frac{189}{1+8+9}=\frac{189}{18}=10.5\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let QQ denote the quotient. Then Q=1+99H+9TH+T+U. Q=1+\frac{99H+9T}{H+T+U}. Interchanging UU with a larger digit in either earlier position decreases the quotient, so the units digit must be the largest. Increasing that units digit lowers a quotient greater than 1,1, so U=9.U=9. Then T+11HT+H+9=1+10H9T+H+9. \frac{T+11H}{T+H+9} =1+\frac{10H-9}{T+H+9}. This is minimized by taking the largest available T=8T=8 and then the smallest H=1.H=1. The number is 189,189, and 1891+8+9=18918=10.5. \frac{189}{1+8+9}=\frac{189}{18}=10.5.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

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