2017 AIME I 第 1 题

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1.

ABC\triangle ABC 上标出十五个互不相同的点:33 个顶点 AABBCC;边 AB\overline{AB} 上另有 33 个点;边 BC\overline{BC} 上另有 44 个点;边 CA\overline{CA} 上另有 55 个点。求以这 1515 个点中的点为顶点、面积为正的三角形个数。

Fifteen distinct points are designated on ABC:\triangle ABC: the 33 vertices A,A, B,B, and C;C; 33 other points on side AB;\overline{AB}; 44 other points on side BC;\overline{BC}; and 55 other points on side CA.\overline{CA}. Find the number of triangles with positive area whose vertices are among these 1515 points.

答案:390
知识点:组合补集计数
难度评级:1950
解答:

从这些点中选 33 个点共有 (153)=455\binom{15}{3} = 455 种方法。某种选法不能得到面积为正的三角形,当且仅当这 33 个点共线;这只会在三点全落在三角形的一条边上时发生。连同端点在内,边 AB\overline{AB} 上有 55 个点,BC\overline{BC} 上有 66 个点,CA\overline{CA} 上有 77 个点,所以共线三点组共有 (53)+(63)+(73)\binom{5}{3} + \binom{6}{3} + \binom{7}{3} =10+20+35=65= 10 + 20 + 35 = 65 组。

因此三角形的个数为 45565=390455 - 65 = 390

There are (153)=455\binom{15}{3} = 455 ways to choose 33 of the points. A choice fails to give a triangle of positive area exactly when the 33 points are collinear, which happens only when all three lie on one side of the triangle. Including its endpoints, side AB\overline{AB} contains 55 points, BC\overline{BC} contains 6,6, and CA\overline{CA} contains 7,7, giving (53)+(63)+(73)\binom{5}{3} + \binom{6}{3} + \binom{7}{3} =10+20+35=65= 10 + 20 + 35 = 65 collinear triples.

The number of triangles is 45565=390.455 - 65 = 390.

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