1966 AMC 12 真题

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1.

已知 3x43x-4y+15y+15 之比为常数,且当 x=2x=2y=3y=3。那么,当 y=12y=12 时,xx 等于:

Given that the ratio of 3x43x-4 to y+15y+15 is constant, and y=3y=3 when x=2,x=2, then, when y=12,y=12, xx equals:

18\dfrac18

87\dfrac87

73\dfrac73

72\dfrac72

88

答案:C
知识点:一次方程比与比例
难度评级:960
小提示:

利用 x=2x=2y=3y=3 求出这个固定比值

Use x=2x=2 and y=3y=3 to find the constant ratio

大提示:

y=12y=12 时,令 3x4y+15\frac{3x-4}{y+15} 等于该比值

Keep 3x4y+15\frac{3x-4}{y+15} equal to that ratio when y=12y=12

解答:

由所给数对可得该比值为 3243+15=19\frac{3\cdot2-4}{3+15}=\frac{1}{9}。因此,当 y=12y=12 时,3x427=19 \frac{3x-4}{27}=\frac19\text{,}所以 3x4=33x-4=3,且 x=73x=\frac{7}{3}

因此,正确答案是 C

The given pair makes the ratio 3243+15=19.\frac{3\cdot2-4}{3+15}=\frac{1}{9}. Therefore, when y=12,y=12, 3x427=19, \frac{3x-4}{27}=\frac19, so 3x4=33x-4=3 and x=73.x=\frac{7}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

2.

若三角形的底边增加 10%10\%,而这条底边上的高减少 10%10\%,则面积的变化为:

When the base of a triangle is increased 10%10\% and the altitude to this base is decreased 10%,10\%, the change in area is:

增加 1%1\%

1%1\% increase

增加 12%\dfrac12\%

12%\dfrac12\% increase

0%0\%

减少 12%\dfrac12\%

12%\dfrac12\% decrease

减少 1%1\%

1%1\% decrease

答案:E
难度评级:890
小提示:

面积与底和高的乘积成正比

The area is proportional to the product of base and altitude

大提示:

将两个缩放因子 1.11.10.90.9 相乘

Multiply the scale factors 1.11.1 and 0.90.9

解答:

新面积是原面积的 1.10.9=0.991.1\cdot0.9=0.99 倍。因此,它比原面积小 1%1\%

因此,正确答案是 E

The new area is 1.10.9=0.991.1\cdot0.9=0.99 times the old area. It is therefore 1%1\% smaller.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

3.

若两个数的算术平均数为 66,几何平均数为 1010,则以这两个数为根的一个方程是:

If the arithmetic mean of two numbers is 66 and their geometric mean is 10,10, then an equation with the given two numbers as roots is:

x2+12x+100=0x^2+12x+100=0

x2+6x+100=0x^2+6x+100=0

x212x10=0x^2-12x-10=0

x212x+100=0x^2-12x+100=0

x26x+100=0x^2-6x+100=0

答案:D
难度评级:1180
小提示:

这两个数的和为 1212,积为 100100

The two numbers have sum 1212 and product 100100

大提示:

和为 SS、积为 PP 的两个根满足 x2Sx+P=0x^2-Sx+P=0

Roots with sum SS and product PP satisfy x2Sx+P=0x^2-Sx+P=0

解答:

设这两个数为 rrss,则由 r+s2=6\frac{r+s}{2}=6r+s=12r+s=12,而由 rs=10\sqrt{rs}=10rs=100rs=100。以它们为根的首一方程为 x2(r+s)x+rs=0x^2-(r+s)x+rs=0,即 x212x+100=0x^2-12x+100=0

因此,正确答案是 D

If the numbers are r,r, and s,s, then r+s2=6\frac{r+s}{2}=6 gives r+s=12,r+s=12, while rs=10\sqrt{rs}=10 gives rs=100.rs=100. The monic equation with those roots is x2(r+s)x+rs=0,x^2-(r+s)x+rs=0, or x212x+100=0.x^2-12x+100=0.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

4.

I\mathrm{I} 外接于一个给定的正方形,圆 II\mathrm{II} 内切于该正方形。若 rr 是圆 I\mathrm{I} 与圆 II\mathrm{II} 的面积之比,则 rr 等于:

Circle I\mathrm{I} is circumscribed about a given square and circle II\mathrm{II} is inscribed in the given square. If rr is the ratio of the area of circle I\mathrm{I} to that of circle II,\mathrm{II}, then rr equals:

2\sqrt2

22

3\sqrt3

222\sqrt2

232\sqrt3

答案:B
难度评级:1030
小提示:

设正方形边长为 ss,比较两个半径 s2\frac{s}{\sqrt2}s2\frac{s}{2}

For square side s,s, compare radii s2\frac{s}{\sqrt2} and s2\frac{s}{2}

大提示:

圆的面积与半径的平方成正比

Circle areas are proportional to the squares of their radii

解答:

设正方形边长为 ss,则外接圆半径为 s2\frac{s}{\sqrt2},内切圆半径为 s2\frac{s}{2}。因此 r=π(s2)2π(s2)2=2 r=\frac{\pi(\frac{s}{\sqrt2})^2}{\pi(\frac{s}{2})^2}=2\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

For square side s,s, the outer circle has radius s2,\frac{s}{\sqrt2}, while the inner circle has radius s2.\frac{s}{2}. Hence r=π(s2)2π(s2)2=2. r=\frac{\pi(\frac{s}{\sqrt2})^2}{\pi(\frac{s}{2})^2}=2.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

5.

满足方程的 xx 值的个数

2x210xx25x=x3 \frac{2x^2-10x}{x^2-5x}=x-3

为:

The number of values of xx satisfying the equation

2x210xx25x=x3 \frac{2x^2-10x}{x^2-5x}=x-3

is:

zero

one

two

three

大于 33 的整数

an integer greater than 33

答案:A
难度评级:1320
小提示:

求解前先将分子和分母因式分解

Factor numerator and denominator before solving

大提示:

不能接受使原式分母为零的值

Do not admit values that make the original denominator zero

解答:

分母要求 x0x\ne0x5x\ne5。在这个定义域内,2x(x5)x(x5)=2 \frac{2x(x-5)}{x(x-5)}=2\text{。}剩下的方程 2=x32=x-3 给出 x=5x=5,但该值已被排除。因此无解。

因此,正确答案是 A

The denominator requires x0x\ne0 and x5.x\ne5. On that domain, 2x(x5)x(x5)=2. \frac{2x(x-5)}{x(x-5)}=2. The remaining equation 2=x32=x-3 gives x=5,x=5, which is excluded. Thus there are no solutions.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

6.

ABAB 是一个圆的直径,圆心为 OO。点 CC 在圆上,且角 BOCBOC6060^\circ。若圆的直径为 55 英寸,则弦 ACAC 的长度(单位:英寸)为:

ABAB is a diameter of a circle centered at O.O. CC is a point on the circle such that angle BOCBOC is 60.60^\circ. If the diameter of the circle is 55 inches, the length of chord AC,AC, expressed in inches, is:

33

522\dfrac{5\sqrt2}{2}

532\dfrac{5\sqrt3}{2}

333\sqrt3

以上均不是

none of these

答案:C
难度评级:1110
小提示:

因为 ABAB 是直径,所以 AOC=120\angle AOC=120^\circ

Because ABAB is a diameter, AOC=120\angle AOC=120^\circ

大提示:

将等腰三角形 AOCAOC 分成两个 3030-6060-9090 三角形

Split isosceles triangle AOCAOC into two 3030-6060-9090 triangles

解答:

半径为 52\frac{5}{2},且 AOC=18060=120\angle AOC=180^\circ-60^\circ=120^\circ。所对圆心角为 120120^\circ 的弦长为 2(52)sin60=532 2\left(\frac52\right)\sin60^\circ=\frac{5\sqrt3}{2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

The radius is 52,\frac{5}{2}, and AOC=18060=120.\angle AOC=180^\circ-60^\circ=120^\circ. A chord subtending 120120^\circ has length 2(52)sin60=532. 2\left(\frac52\right)\sin60^\circ=\frac{5\sqrt3}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

7.

35x29x23x+2=N1x1+N2x2 \frac{35x-29}{x^2-3x+2} =\frac{N_1}{x-1}+\frac{N_2}{x-2}

是关于 xx 的恒等式。则 N1N2N_1N_2 的数值为:

Let

35x29x23x+2=N1x1+N2x2 \frac{35x-29}{x^2-3x+2} =\frac{N_1}{x-1}+\frac{N_2}{x-2}

be an identity in x.x. The numerical value of N1N2N_1N_2 is:

246-246

210-210

29-29

210210

246246

答案:A
难度评级:1210
小提示:

将两个分式通分到分母 (x1)(x2)(x-1)(x-2)

Combine the two fractions over (x1)(x2)(x-1)(x-2)

大提示:

比较 xx 的系数和常数项

Compare the coefficient of xx and the constant term

解答:

右边通分后的分子为 N1(x2)+N2(x1)=(N1+N2)x(2N1+N2) \begin{aligned} &N_1(x-2)+N_2(x-1)\\ &\quad=(N_1+N_2)x\\ &\qquad-(2N_1+N_2) \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 N1+N2=35N_1+N_2=35,且 2N1+N2=292N_1+N_2=29。从而 N1=6N_1=-6N2=41N_2=41,并且 N1N2=246N_1N_2=-246

因此,正确答案是 A

Combining the right side gives numerator N1(x2)+N2(x1)=(N1+N2)x(2N1+N2). \begin{aligned} &N_1(x-2)+N_2(x-1)\\ &\quad=(N_1+N_2)x\\ &\qquad-(2N_1+N_2). \end{aligned} Thus N1+N2=35N_1+N_2=35 and 2N1+N2=29.2N_1+N_2=29. Hence N1=6,N_1=-6, N2=41,N_2=41, and N1N2=246.N_1N_2=-246.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

8.

两个相交圆的公共弦长为 1616 英尺。若两个半径分别为 1010 英尺和 1717 英尺,则两圆心之间的距离可能为(单位:英尺):

The length of the common chord of two intersecting circles is 1616 feet. If the radii are 1010 feet and 1717 feet, a possible value for the distance between the centers of the circles, expressed in feet, is:

2727

2121

389\sqrt{389}

1515

无法确定

undetermined

答案:B
知识点:勾股定理
难度评级:1450
小提示:

两圆心的连线垂直平分公共弦

The line of centers perpendicularly bisects the common chord

大提示:

利用半弦长 88 求每个圆心到弦的距离

Find each center’s distance from the chord using half-chord 88

解答:

半弦长为 88。两个圆心到弦所在直线的垂直距离分别为 10282=6,17282=15 \begin{gathered} \sqrt{10^2-8^2}=6,\\ \sqrt{17^2-8^2}=15 \end{gathered}\text{。}若两圆心位于弦的两侧,则它们的距离为 6+15=216+15=21,这是一个可能值。

因此,正确答案是 B

The half-chord has length 8.8. The two perpendicular distances from the centers to its line are 10282=6,17282=15. \begin{gathered} \sqrt{10^2-8^2}=6,\\ \sqrt{17^2-8^2}=15. \end{gathered} If the centers lie on opposite sides of the chord, their distance is 6+15=21,6+15=21, which is a possible value.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

9.

x=(log82)(log28)x=(\log_8 2)^{(\log_2 8)},则 log3x\log_3 x 等于:

If x=(log82)(log28),x=(\log_8 2)^{(\log_2 8)}, then log3x\log_3 x equals:

3-3

13-\dfrac13

13\dfrac13

33

99

答案:A
知识点:指数对数
难度评级:1180
小提示:

分别求出 log82\log_8 2log28\log_2 8

Evaluate log82\log_8 2 and log28\log_2 8 separately

大提示:

将所得幂写成以 33 为底的幂

Express the resulting power as a power of 33

解答:

log82=13\log_8 2=\frac{1}{3}log28=3\log_2 8=3。因此 x=(13)3=33x=(\frac{1}{3})^3=3^{-3},所以 log3x=3\log_3x=-3

因此,正确答案是 A

We have log82=13\log_8 2=\frac{1}{3} and log28=3.\log_2 8=3. Therefore x=(13)3=33,x=(\frac{1}{3})^3=3^{-3}, so log3x=3.\log_3x=-3.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

10.

若两个数的和为 11,积为 11,则它们的立方和为(其中 i=1i=\sqrt{-1}):

If the sum of two numbers is 11 and their product is 1,1, then the sum of their cubes is, where i=1:i=\sqrt{-1}:

22

233i4-2-\dfrac{3\sqrt3i}{4}

00

33i4-\dfrac{3\sqrt3i}{4}

2-2

答案:E
难度评级:1110
小提示:

使用 u3+v3=(u+v)33uv(u+v)u^3+v^3=(u+v)^3-3uv(u+v)

Use u3+v3=(u+v)33uv(u+v)u^3+v^3=(u+v)^3-3uv(u+v)

大提示:

直接代入所给的和与积

Substitute the given sum and product directly

解答:

若这两个数为 uuvv,则 u3+v3=(u+v)33uv(u+v)=133=2 \begin{aligned} u^3+v^3 &=(u+v)^3-3uv(u+v)\\ &=1^3-3=-2 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

If the numbers are u,u, and v,v, then u3+v3=(u+v)33uv(u+v)=133=2. \begin{aligned} u^3+v^3 &=(u+v)^3-3uv(u+v)\\ &=1^3-3=-2. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

11.

三角形 BACBAC 的三边之比为 2:3:42:3:4BDBD 是作到最短边 ACAC 的角平分线,将其分成线段 ADADCDCD。若 ACAC 的长度为 1010,则 ACAC 上较长线段的长度为:

The sides of triangle BACBAC are in the ratio 2:3:4.2:3:4. BDBD is the angle-bisector drawn to the shortest side AC,AC, dividing it into segments ADAD and CD.CD. If the length of ACAC is 10,10, then the length of the longer segment of ACAC is:

3123\dfrac12

55

5575\dfrac57

66

7127\dfrac12

答案:C
难度评级:1180
小提示:

因为 ACAC 是最短边,所以它两端相邻的另两边之比为 3:43:4

Since ACAC is the shortest side, the adjacent sides are in ratio 3:43:4

大提示:

AD:DCAD:DC 应用角平分线定理

Apply the angle-bisector theorem to AD:DCAD:DC

解答:

BB 两侧相邻边之比为 3:43:4。由角平分线定理,AD:DC=3:4AD:DC=3:4。因此两段中较长的一段为 43+410=407=557 \frac4{3+4}\cdot10=\frac{40}{7}=5\frac57\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

The sides adjacent to angle BB are in ratio 3:4.3:4. By the angle-bisector theorem, AD:DC=3:4.AD:DC=3:4. The longer of the two parts is therefore 43+410=407=557. \frac4{3+4}\cdot10=\frac{40}{7}=5\frac57.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

12.

满足方程的实数 xx 的个数

(26x+3)(43x+6)=84x+5 (2^{6x+3})(4^{3x+6})=8^{4x+5}

为:

The number of real values of xx that satisfy the equation

(26x+3)(43x+6)=84x+5 (2^{6x+3})(4^{3x+6})=8^{4x+5}

is:

00

11

22

33

大于 33

greater than 33

答案:E
知识点:代数变形指数
难度评级:1110
小提示:

将每一项都改写成以 22 为底

Rewrite every term with base 22

大提示:

在求 xx 之前,先比较等式两边的总指数

Compare the total exponent on each side before trying to solve for xx

解答:

改写成以 22 为底后,左边的指数为 (6x+3)+2(3x+6)=12x+15 \begin{aligned} &(6x+3)+2(3x+6)\\ &\qquad=12x+15 \end{aligned}\text{,}而右边的指数为 3(4x+5)=12x+153(4x+5)=12x+15。该方程对每个实数 xx 都是恒等式,所以实数解多于三个。

因此,正确答案是 E

In base 2,2, the left exponent is (6x+3)+2(3x+6)=12x+15, \begin{aligned} &(6x+3)+2(3x+6)\\ &\qquad=12x+15, \end{aligned} and the right exponent is 3(4x+5)=12x+15.3(4x+5)=12x+15. The equation is an identity for every real x,x, so it has more than three real solutions.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

13.

xyxy 平面中满足 x+y5x+y\leq5 的点中,坐标均为正有理数的点共有:

The number of points with positive rational coordinates selected from the set of points in the xyxy-plane such that x+y5,x+y\leq5, is:

99

1010

1414

1515

无限多个

infinite

答案:E
难度评级:1030
小提示:

尝试固定其中一个正有理数坐标

Try fixing one positive rational coordinate

大提示:

一个区间内有无限多个正有理数

There are infinitely many positive rational numbers in an interval

解答:

例如,令 y=1y=1。此时每个满足 x4x\leq4 的正有理数都给出一个合格点 (x,1)(x,1),而这样的有理数有无限多个。

因此,正确答案是 E

For example, set y=1.y=1. Every positive rational x4x\leq4 then gives an allowed point (x,1),(x,1), and there are infinitely many such rationals.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

14.

矩形 ABCDABCD 的长为 55 英寸,宽为 33 英寸。点 EEFF 将对角线 ACAC 三等分。三角形 BEFBEF 的面积(单位:平方英寸)为:

The length of rectangle ABCDABCD is 55 inches and its width is 33 inches. Diagonal ACAC is divided into three equal segments by points EE and F.F. The area of triangle BEF,BEF, expressed in square inches, is:

32\dfrac32

53\dfrac53

52\dfrac52

1334\dfrac13\sqrt{34}

1368\dfrac13\sqrt{68}

答案:C
难度评级:1450
小提示:

将矩形放置在 (0,0)(0,0)(5,0)(5,0)(5,3)(5,3)(0,3)(0,3)

Place the rectangle at (0,0),(0,0), (5,0),(5,0), (5,3),(5,3), and (0,3)(0,3)

大提示:

对角线 ACAC 的两个三等分点坐标很容易求

The trisection points of diagonal ACAC have easy coordinates

解答:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(5,0)B=(5,0),且 C=(5,3)C=(5,3)。则 E=(53,1)E=(\frac{5}{3},1),且 F=(103,2)F=(\frac{10}{3},2)。由行列式面积公式,[BEF]=12(103)2(53)1=52 \begin{aligned} [BEF] &=\frac12\left| \left(-\frac{10}{3}\right)2 -\left(-\frac53\right)1 \right|\\ &=\frac52 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Take A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(5,0),B=(5,0), and C=(5,3).C=(5,3). Then E=(53,1)E=(\frac{5}{3},1) and F=(103,2).F=(\frac{10}{3},2). The determinant formula gives [BEF]=12(103)2(53)1=52. \begin{aligned} [BEF] &=\frac12\left| \left(-\frac{10}{3}\right)2 -\left(-\frac53\right)1 \right|\\ &=\frac52. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

15.

xy>xx-y\gt xx+y<yx+y\lt y,则:

If xy>xx-y\gt x and x+y<y,x+y\lt y, then:

y<xy\lt x

x<yx\lt y

x<y<0x\lt y\lt0

x<0x\lt0,且 y<0y\lt0

x<0,x\lt0, and y<0y\lt0

x<0x\lt0,且 y>0y\gt0

x<0,x\lt0, and y>0y\gt0

答案:D
难度评级:960
小提示:

第一个不等式两边都减去 xx

Subtract xx from the first inequality

大提示:

第二个不等式两边都减去 yy

Subtract yy from the second inequality

解答:

xy>xx-y\gt xy>0-y\gt0,所以 y<0y\lt0。由 x+y<yx+y\lt yx<0x\lt0

因此,正确答案是 D

From xy>xx-y\gt x we get y>0,-y\gt0, so y<0.y\lt0. From x+y<yx+y\lt y we get x<0.x\lt0.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

16.

4x2x+y=8,9x+y35y=243 \begin{gathered} \dfrac{4^x}{2^{x+y}}=8,\\ \dfrac{9^{x+y}}{3^{5y}}=243 \end{gathered}\text{,}

其中 xxyy 为实数,则 xyxy 等于:

If

4x2x+y=8,9x+y35y=243, \begin{gathered} \dfrac{4^x}{2^{x+y}}=8,\\ \dfrac{9^{x+y}}{3^{5y}}=243, \end{gathered}

xx and yy are real numbers, then xyxy equals:

1341\dfrac34

44

66

1212

4-4

答案:B
知识点:指数方程组
难度评级:1430
小提示:

分别将两个方程改写成以 2233 为底

Rewrite both equations with bases 22 and 33

大提示:

令指数相等,得到关于 xxyy 的两个线性方程

Equate exponents to obtain two linear equations in xx and yy

解答:

第一个方程化为 2xy=232^{x-y}=2^3,所以 xy=3x-y=3。第二个方程化为 32x3y=353^{2x-3y}=3^5,所以 2x3y=52x-3y=5。解得 y=1y=1x=4x=4,因此 xy=4xy=4

因此,正确答案是 B

The first equation becomes 2xy=23,2^{x-y}=2^3, so xy=3.x-y=3. The second becomes 32x3y=35,3^{2x-3y}=3^5, so 2x3y=5.2x-3y=5. Solving gives y=1,y=1, x=4,x=4, and hence xy=4.xy=4.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

17.

曲线 x2+4y2=1x^2+4y^2=14x2+y2=44x^2+y^2=4 共有的不同交点个数为:

The number of distinct points common to the curves x2+4y2=1x^2+4y^2=1 and 4x2+y2=44x^2+y^2=4 is:

00

11

22

33

44

答案:C
难度评级:1430
小提示:

用第一个方程表示 x2x^2,再代入第二个方程

Use the first equation to substitute for x2x^2 in the second

大提示:

求出 yy 后,计入 xx 的两种可能符号

After finding y,y, count both possible signs of xx

解答:

由第一个方程,x2=14y2x^2=1-4y^2。代入第二个方程得 4(14y2)+y2=4 4(1-4y^2)+y^2=4\text{,}所以 y=0y=0。此时 x2=1x^2=1,得到两个点 (1,0)(1,0)(1,0)(-1,0)

因此,正确答案是 C

From the first equation, x2=14y2.x^2=1-4y^2. Substitution into the second gives 4(14y2)+y2=4, 4(1-4y^2)+y^2=4, so y=0.y=0. Then x2=1,x^2=1, giving the two points (1,0)(1,0) and (1,0).(-1,0).

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

18.

某等差数列的首项为 22,末项为 2929,所有项之和为 155155。其公差为:

In a given arithmetic sequence the first term is 2,2, the last term is 29,29, and the sum of all the terms is 155.155. The common difference is:

33

22

2719\dfrac{27}{19}

139\dfrac{13}{9}

2338\dfrac{23}{38}

答案:A
知识点:等差数列求和
难度评级:1180
小提示:

155=n(2+29)2155=\frac{n(2+29)}{2} 求项数

Use 155=n(2+29)2155=\frac{n(2+29)}{2} to find the number of terms

大提示:

再使用 29=2+(n1)d29=2+(n-1)d

Then use 29=2+(n1)d29=2+(n-1)d

解答:

由求和公式,155=31n2155=\frac{31n}{2},所以 n=10n=10。因此 29=2+9d29=2+9d,从而 d=3d=3

因此,正确答案是 A

The sum formula gives 155=31n2,155=\frac{31n}{2}, so n=10.n=10. Therefore 29=2+9d,29=2+9d, and d=3.d=3.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

19.

s1s_1 为等差数列 881212\ldots 的前 nn 项之和,s2s_2 为等差数列 17171919\ldots 的前 nn 项之和。则使 s1=s2s_1=s_2 成立的值共有:

Let s1s_1 be the sum of the first nn terms of the arithmetic sequence 8,8, 12,12, \ldots and let s2s_2 be the sum of the first nn terms of the arithmetic sequence 17,17, 19,19, .\ldots. Then s1=s2s_1=s_2 for:

nn

no value of nn

一个 nn

one value of nn

两个 nn

two values of nn

四个 nn

four values of nn

多于四个 nn

more than four values of nn

答案:B
难度评级:1210
小提示:

分别写出两个数列的求和公式

Write a sum formula for each progression

大提示:

令两和相等后,约去正因子 nn

Cancel the positive factor nn after equating the sums

解答:

两个和分别为 s1=2n2+6n,s2=n2+16n \begin{gathered} s_1=2n^2+6n,\\ s_2=n^2+16n \end{gathered}\text{。}令它们相等得 n(n10)=0n(n-10)=0。因为项数为正,所以只有 n=10n=10 符合,即只有一个值。

因此,正确答案是 B

The two sums are s1=2n2+6n,s2=n2+16n. \begin{gathered} s_1=2n^2+6n,\\ s_2=n^2+16n. \end{gathered} Equality gives n(n10)=0.n(n-10)=0. Since a number of terms is positive, only n=10n=10 works, so there is one value.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

20.

若命题“a=0a=0”为真,则命题“对于实数 aabb,若 a=0a=0,则 ab=0ab=0”的否定为:

If the proposition “a=0a=0” is true, the negation of the proposition “For real values of aa and b,b, if a=0,a=0, then ab=0ab=0” is:

a0a\ne0,则 ab0ab\ne0

If a0,a\ne0, then ab0ab\ne0

a0a\ne0,则 ab=0ab=0

If a0,a\ne0, then ab=0ab=0

a=0a=0,则 ab0ab\ne0

If a=0,a=0, then ab0ab\ne0

ab0ab\ne0,则 a0a\ne0

If ab0,ab\ne0, then a0a\ne0

ab=0ab=0,则 a0a\ne0

If ab=0,ab=0, then a0a\ne0

答案:C
知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1180
小提示:

真结论的否定就是与其相反的陈述

The negation of a true conclusion is its opposite statement

大提示:

在已声明的假设 a=0a=0 下,否定结论 ab=0ab=0

Under the stated assumption a=0,a=0, negate the conclusion ab=0ab=0

解答:

题目假定前提 a=0a=0 为真。因此,否定这个蕴含命题就要否定其结论:ab=0ab=0 变为 ab0ab\ne0。所求陈述就是“若 a=0a=0,则 ab0ab\ne0。”

因此,正确答案是 C

The stated premise a=0a=0 is assumed true. Negating the implication therefore negates its conclusion: ab=0ab=0 becomes ab0.ab\ne0. Thus the required statement is “If a=0,a=0, then ab0.ab\ne0.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

21.

按以下方法作一个“nn 角星”:将一个凸多边形的各边依次编号为 1122\ldotskk\ldotsnn,其中 n5n\geq5;对于 kk 的全部 nn 个取值,边 kk 与边 k+2k+2 均不平行,并约定边 n+1n+1 和边 n+2n+2 分别与边 11 和边 22 相同;将编号为 kkk+2k+2nn 对边延长至相交。(图示为 n=5n=5 的情形。)

SS 为该星形 nn 个尖角的内角度数之和,则 SS 等于:

An “nn-pointed star” is formed as follows: the sides of a convex polygon are numbered consecutively 1,1, 2,2, ,\ldots, k,k, ,\ldots, n,n, n5;n\geq5; for all nn values of k,k, sides kk and k+2k+2 are non-parallel, sides n+1n+1 and n+2n+2 being respectively identical with sides 11 and 2;2; prolong the nn pairs of sides numbered kk and k+2k+2 until they meet. (A figure is shown for the case n=5.n=5.)

Let SS be the degree-sum of the interior angles at the nn points of the star; then SS equals:

180180

360360

180(n+2)180(n+2)

180(n2)180(n-2)

180(n4)180(n-4)

答案:E
知识点:导角角度和
难度评级:1880
小提示:

将每个星尖角与原多边形的两个相邻内角联系起来

Relate each star-tip angle to two adjacent interior angles of the original polygon

大提示:

原多边形的内角和为 180(n2)180(n-2)

The original polygon’s interior-angle sum is 180(n2)180(n-2) degrees

解答:

设原多边形的内角为 a1,,ana_1,\ldots,a_n。由边 kk 和边 k+2k+2 形成的星尖角为 ak+ak+1180 a_k+a_{k+1}-180^\circ\text{。}循环求和时,每个 aka_k 被计算两次。因此 S=2k=1nak180n=2180(n2)180n=180(n4) \begin{aligned} S&=2\sum_{k=1}^n a_k-180n\\ &=2\cdot180(n-2)-180n\\ &=180(n-4) \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

Let the original polygon’s interior angles be a1,,an.a_1,\ldots,a_n. The star angle made from sides kk and k+2k+2 equals ak+ak+1180. a_k+a_{k+1}-180^\circ. Summing cyclically counts each aka_k twice. Hence S=2k=1nak180n=2180(n2)180n=180(n4). \begin{aligned} S&=2\sum_{k=1}^n a_k-180n\\ &=2\cdot180(n-2)-180n\\ &=180(n-4). \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

22.

考虑下列等式:

(I) a2+b2=0 \text{(I) }\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=0 (II) a2+b2=ab \text{(II) }\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=ab (III) a2+b2=a+b \text{(III) }\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=a+b (IV) a2+b2=ab \text{(IV) }\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=a-b

其中允许 aabb 为实数或复数。除 a=0a=0b=0b=0 外仍存在解的等式是:

Consider the statements:

(I) a2+b2=0 \text{(I) }\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=0 (II) a2+b2=ab \text{(II) }\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=ab (III) a2+b2=a+b \text{(III) }\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=a+b (IV) a2+b2=ab \text{(IV) }\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=a-b

where we allow aa and bb to be real or complex numbers. Those statements for which there exist solutions other than a=0a=0 and b=0,b=0, are:

(I)(\mathrm{I})(II)(\mathrm{II})(III)(\mathrm{III})(IV)(\mathrm{IV})

(I),(\mathrm{I}), (II),(\mathrm{II}), (III),(\mathrm{III}), (IV)(\mathrm{IV})

(II)(\mathrm{II})(III)(\mathrm{III})(IV)(\mathrm{IV})

(II),(\mathrm{II}), (III),(\mathrm{III}), (IV)(\mathrm{IV}) only

(I)(\mathrm{I})(III)(\mathrm{III})(IV)(\mathrm{IV})

(I),(\mathrm{I}), (III),(\mathrm{III}), (IV)(\mathrm{IV}) only

(III)(\mathrm{III})(IV)(\mathrm{IV})

(III),(\mathrm{III}), (IV)(\mathrm{IV}) only

(I)(\mathrm{I})

(I)(\mathrm{I}) only

答案:A
知识点:复数反例根式
难度评级:1880
小提示:

对每个等式,找到一个非零解即可

One nonzero example is enough for each statement

大提示:

(I)(\mathrm{I}) 尝试 b=ib=i,对 (II)(\mathrm{II}) 取两个相等正值,对 (III)(\mathrm{III})(IV)(\mathrm{IV})b=0b=0

Try b=ib=i for (I),(\mathrm{I}), equal positive values for (II),(\mathrm{II}), and b=0b=0 for (III)(\mathrm{III}) and (IV)(\mathrm{IV})

解答:

每个等式都有非零解。对 (I)(\mathrm{I}),取 (a,b)=(1,i)(a,b)=(1,i)。对 (II)(\mathrm{II}),取 a=b=2a=b=\sqrt2,此时 4=2=ab\sqrt4=2=ab。对 (III)(\mathrm{III})(IV)(\mathrm{IV}),都取 (a,b)=(1,0)(a,b)=(1,0)。因此四个等式都符合要求。

因此,正确答案是 A

Every statement has a nonzero solution. For (I),(\mathrm{I}), use (a,b)=(1,i).(a,b)=(1,i). For (II),(\mathrm{II}), use a=b=2,a=b=\sqrt2, giving 4=2=ab.\sqrt4=2=ab. For both (III)(\mathrm{III}) and (IV),(\mathrm{IV}), use (a,b)=(1,0).(a,b)=(1,0). Thus all four statements qualify.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

23.

xx 为实数且 4y2+4xy+x+6=04y^2+4xy+x+6=0,则使 yy 为实数的全部 xx 值为:

If xx is real and 4y2+4xy+x+6=0,4y^2+4xy+x+6=0, then the complete set of values of xx for which yy is real, is:

x2x\leq-2x3x\geq3

x2x\leq-2 or x3x\geq3

x2x\leq2x3x\geq3

x2x\leq2 or x3x\geq3

x3x\leq-3x2x\geq2

x3x\leq-3 or x2x\geq2

3x2-3\leq x\leq2

2x3-2\leq x\leq3

答案:A
难度评级:1180
小提示:

将方程看作关于 yy 的二次方程

Treat the equation as a quadratic in yy

大提示:

要求判别式 16(x3)(x+2)16(x-3)(x+2) 非负

Require its discriminant 16(x3)(x+2)16(x-3)(x+2) to be nonnegative

解答:

将它看作关于 yy 的二次方程,其判别式为 (4x)216(x+6)=16(x3)(x+2) \begin{aligned} &(4x)^2-16(x+6)\\ &\qquad=16(x-3)(x+2) \end{aligned}\text{。}它非负恰好等价于 x2x\leq-2x3x\geq3

因此,正确答案是 A

As a quadratic in y,y, the equation has discriminant (4x)216(x+6)=16(x3)(x+2). \begin{aligned} &(4x)^2-16(x+6)\\ &\qquad=16(x-3)(x+2). \end{aligned} This is nonnegative exactly when x2x\leq-2 or x3.x\geq3.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

24.

logMN=logNM\log_MN=\log_NMMNM\ne NMN>0MN\gt0,且 M1M\ne1N1N\ne1,则 MNMN 等于:

If logMN=logNM,\log_MN=\log_NM, MN,M\ne N, MN>0,MN\gt0, and M1,M\ne1, N1,N\ne1, then MNMN equals:

12\dfrac12

11

22

1010

大于 22 且小于 1010 的数

a number greater than 22 and less than 1010

答案:B
知识点:代数变形对数
难度评级:1430
小提示:

用自然对数改写两个对数

Write both logarithms using natural logs

大提示:

该等式给出 (lnM)2=(lnN)2(\ln M)^2=(\ln N)^2;再利用 MNM\ne N

The equality gives (lnM)2=(lnN)2(\ln M)^2=(\ln N)^2; use MNM\ne N

解答:

换底公式给出 lnNlnM=lnMlnN \frac{\ln N}{\ln M}=\frac{\ln M}{\ln N}\text{,}所以 (lnM)2=(lnN)2(\ln M)^2=(\ln N)^2。若两个对数本身相等,就会得到已排除的 M=NM=N。因此 lnM=lnN\ln M=-\ln N,且 ln(MN)=0\ln(MN)=0。所以 MN=1MN=1

因此,正确答案是 B

Change of base gives lnNlnM=lnMlnN, \frac{\ln N}{\ln M}=\frac{\ln M}{\ln N}, so (lnM)2=(lnN)2.(\ln M)^2=(\ln N)^2. Equality of the logs themselves would give M=N,M=N, which is excluded. Hence lnM=lnN,\ln M=-\ln N, and ln(MN)=0.\ln(MN)=0. Thus MN=1.MN=1.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

25.

若当 n=1n=122\ldots 时,F(n+1)=2F(n)+12F(n+1)=\dfrac{2F(n)+1}{2},且 F(1)=2F(1)=2,则 F(101)F(101) 等于:

If F(n+1)=2F(n)+12F(n+1)=\dfrac{2F(n)+1}{2} for n=1,n=1, 2,2, ,\ldots, and F(1)=2,F(1)=2, then F(101)F(101) equals:

4949

5050

5151

5252

5353

答案:D
知识点:等差数列递推
难度评级:960
小提示:

将递推式化简为 F(n+1)=F(n)+12F(n+1)=F(n)+\frac{1}{2}

Simplify the recurrence to F(n+1)=F(n)+12F(n+1)=F(n)+\frac{1}{2}

大提示:

计算从 n=1n=1n=101n=101 共有多少次增量

Count the increments from n=1n=1 to n=101n=101

解答:

每一步增加 12\frac{1}{2}。从 F(1)F(1)F(101)F(101),共有 100100 步,所以 F(101)=2+1002=52 F(101)=2+\frac{100}{2}=52\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Each step adds 12.\frac{1}{2}. There are 100100 steps from F(1)F(1) to F(101),F(101), so F(101)=2+1002=52. F(101)=2+\frac{100}{2}=52.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

26.

mm 为正整数,且直线 13x+11y=70013x+11y=700y=mx1y=mx-1 交于一个坐标均为整数的点。则 mm 可以是:

Let mm be a positive integer and let the lines 13x+11y=70013x+11y=700 and y=mx1y=mx-1 intersect in a point whose coordinates are integers. Then mm can be:

44

44 only

55

55 only

66

66 only

77

77 only

整数 44556677 之一以及另一个正整数

one of the integers 4,4, 5,5, 6,6, 77 and one other positive integer

答案:C
难度评级:1650
小提示:

y=mx1y=mx-1 代入第一条直线的方程

Substitute y=mx1y=mx-1 into the first line

大提示:

要使 xx 为整数,13+11m13+11m 必须整除 711711

For integer x,x, the number 13+11m13+11m must divide 711711

解答:

代入得 (13+11m)x=711 (13+11m)x=711\text{。}因此 13+11m13+11m 必须是 711=3279711=3^2\cdot79 的正因数。在大于 1313 的因数中,只有 797913(mod11)13\pmod{11} 同余。因此 13+11m=7913+11m=79,所以 m=6m=6

因此,正确答案是 C

Substitution gives (13+11m)x=711. (13+11m)x=711. Thus 13+11m13+11m must be a positive divisor of 711=3279.711=3^2\cdot79. Among divisors greater than 13,13, only 7979 is congruent to 13(mod11).13\pmod{11}. Hence 13+11m=79,13+11m=79, so m=6.m=6.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

27.

一个人按通常速度顺流划行 1515 英里,所用时间比返程少五小时。若他将通常划船速度加倍,则顺流时间只比逆流时间少一小时。水流速度(单位:英里/小时)为:

At his usual rate a man rows 1515 miles downstream in five hours less time than it takes him to return. If he doubles his usual rate, the time downstream is only one hour less than the time upstream. In miles per hour, the rate of the stream’s current is:

22

52\dfrac52

33

72\dfrac72

44

答案:A
难度评级:1850
小提示:

vv 为划船者在静水中的速度,cc 为水流速度

Let vv be the rower’s still-water speed and cc the current speed

大提示:

用速度 v±cv\pm c2v±c2v\pm c 表示两次时间差

Translate the two time differences using speeds v±cv\pm c and 2v±c2v\pm c

解答:

两次时间差给出 15vc15v+c=5,152vc152v+c=1 \begin{aligned} \frac{15}{v-c}-\frac{15}{v+c}&=5,\\ \frac{15}{2v-c}-\frac{15}{2v+c}&=1 \end{aligned}\text{。}化简得 v2c2=6cv^2-c^2=6c4v2c2=30c4v^2-c^2=30c。将 v2=c2+6cv^2=c^2+6c 代入第二式,得到 3c26c=03c^2-6c=0。由 c>0c\gt0 可得 c=2c=2

因此,正确答案是 A

The two time differences give 15vc15v+c=5,152vc152v+c=1. \begin{aligned} \frac{15}{v-c}-\frac{15}{v+c}&=5,\\ \frac{15}{2v-c}-\frac{15}{2v+c}&=1. \end{aligned} These simplify to v2c2=6cv^2-c^2=6c and 4v2c2=30c.4v^2-c^2=30c. Substituting v2=c2+6cv^2=c^2+6c into the second gives 3c26c=0.3c^2-6c=0. Since c>0,c\gt0, we have c=2.c=2.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

28.

在一条直线上依次取五个点 OOAABBCCDD,且距离 OA=aOA=aOB=bOB=bOC=cOC=cOD=dOD=d。点 PP 位于 BBCC 之间,并满足 AP:PD=BP:PCAP:PD=BP:PC。则 OPOP 等于:

Five points O,O, A,A, B,B, C,C, DD are taken in order on a straight line with distances OA=a,OA=a, OB=b,OB=b, OC=c,OC=c, and OD=d.OD=d. PP is a point on the line between BB and CC and such that AP:PD=BP:PC.AP:PD=BP:PC. Then OPOP equals:

b2bcab+cd\dfrac{b^2-bc}{a-b+c-d}

acbdab+cd\dfrac{ac-bd}{a-b+c-d}

bd+acab+cd-\dfrac{bd+ac}{a-b+c-d}

bc+ada+b+c+d\dfrac{bc+ad}{a+b+c+d}

acbda+b+c+d\dfrac{ac-bd}{a+b+c+d}

答案:B
难度评级:1850
小提示:

p=OPp=OP。则 AP=paAP=p-aPD=dpPD=d-pBP=pbBP=p-b,且 PC=cpPC=c-p

Write p=OP.p=OP. Then AP=pa,AP=p-a, PD=dp,PD=d-p, BP=pb,BP=p-b, and PC=cpPC=c-p

大提示:

作上述代入后,对所给比例交叉相乘

Cross-multiply the two given ratios after making those substitutions

解答:

p=OPp=OP。所给比例化为 padp=pbcp \frac{p-a}{d-p}=\frac{p-b}{c-p}\text{。}交叉相乘后,p2p^2 项相消,得到 p(ab+cd)=acbd p(a-b+c-d)=ac-bd\text{。}因此 p=acbdab+cdp=\frac{ac-bd}{a-b+c-d}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let p=OP.p=OP. The given ratio becomes padp=pbcp. \frac{p-a}{d-p}=\frac{p-b}{c-p}. Cross-multiplication cancels the p2p^2 terms and yields p(ab+cd)=acbd. p(a-b+c-d)=ac-bd. Therefore p=acbdab+cd.p=\frac{ac-bd}{a-b+c-d}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

29.

小于 10001000 且既不能被 55 整除也不能被 77 整除的正整数共有:

The number of positive integers less than 10001000 divisible by neither 55 nor 77 is:

688688

686686

684684

658658

630630

答案:B
难度评级:1180
小提示:

小于 10001000 的正整数有 999999

There are 999999 positive integers below 10001000

大提示:

减去 5577 的倍数,再加回 3535 的倍数

Subtract multiples of 55 and 77, then add back multiples of 3535

解答:

由容斥原理,所求个数为 99999959997+99935=999199142+28=686 \begin{aligned} &999-\left\lfloor\frac{999}{5}\right\rfloor -\left\lfloor\frac{999}{7}\right\rfloor\\ &\quad+\left\lfloor\frac{999}{35}\right\rfloor\\ &=999-199-142+28\\ &=686 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

By inclusion-exclusion, the count is 99999959997+99935=999199142+28=686. \begin{aligned} &999-\left\lfloor\frac{999}{5}\right\rfloor -\left\lfloor\frac{999}{7}\right\rfloor\\ &\quad+\left\lfloor\frac{999}{35}\right\rfloor\\ &=999-199-142+28\\ &=686. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

30.

x4+ax2+bx+c=0x^4+ax^2+bx+c=0 的三个根为 112233,则 a+ca+c 的值为:

If three of the roots of x4+ax2+bx+c=0x^4+ax^2+bx+c=0 are 1,1, 2,2, and 3,3, then the value of a+ca+c is:

3535

2424

12-12

61-61

63-63

答案:D
难度评级:1210
小提示:

缺少 x3x^3 项意味着四个根之和为零

The missing x3x^3 coefficient makes the sum of all four roots zero

大提示:

利用第四个根求两两乘积之和 aa 与四根之积 cc

Use the fourth root to compute the pairwise sum aa and product cc

解答:

因为根之和为零,所以第四个根是 6-6。两两乘积之和为 a=2+36+61218=25 \begin{aligned} a&=2+3-6+6\\ &\quad-12-18=-25 \end{aligned}\text{,}而四根之积为 c=(1)(2)(3)(6)=36c=(1)(2)(3)(-6)=-36。因此 a+c=61a+c=-61

因此,正确答案是 D

The fourth root is 6-6 because the root sum is zero. The sum of pairwise products is a=2+36+61218=25, \begin{aligned} a&=2+3-6+6\\ &\quad-12-18=-25, \end{aligned} while the product is c=(1)(2)(3)(6)=36.c=(1)(2)(3)(-6)=-36. Thus a+c=61.a+c=-61.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

31.

三角形 ABCABC 内接于圆心为 OO' 的圆。圆心为 OO 的圆内切于三角形 ABCABC。作 AOAO,并延长至与大圆交于 DD。则必有:

Triangle ABCABC is inscribed in a circle with center O.O'. A circle with center OO is inscribed in triangle ABC.ABC. AOAO is drawn, and extended to intersect the larger circle in D.D. Then we must have:

CD=BD=ODCD=BD=O'D

AO=CO=ODAO=CO=OD

CD=CO=BDCD=CO=BD

CD=OD=BDCD=OD=BD

OB=OC=ODO'B=O'C=OD

答案:D
难度评级:1880
小提示:

直线 ADAD 平分 A\angle A,所以 DD 是弧 BCBC 的中点

Line ADAD bisects A,\angle A, so DD is the midpoint of arc BCBC

大提示:

比较三角形 CODCOD 中的角,证明 CD=ODCD=OD

Compare angles in triangle CODCOD to show CD=ODCD=OD

解答:

因为 AOAO 是角平分线,所以圆周角 BAD\angle BADCAD\angle CAD 相等。因此弧 BDBDCDCD 相等,从而弦 BDBDCDCD 相等。

BAD=α\angle BAD=\alpha,且 BCO=β\angle BCO=\beta。则 OCD=α+β\angle OCD=\alpha+\beta。在三角形 AOCAOC 中,外角 COD\angle COD 也等于 α+β\alpha+\beta。因此 CD=ODCD=OD,所以 CD=OD=BDCD=OD=BD

因此,正确答案是 D

Because AOAO is an angle bisector, the inscribed angles BAD\angle BAD and CAD\angle CAD are equal. Hence arcs BDBD and CDCD, and therefore chords BDBD and CD,CD, are equal.

Let BAD=α\angle BAD=\alpha and BCO=β.\angle BCO=\beta. Then OCD=α+β.\angle OCD=\alpha+\beta. In triangle AOC,AOC, the exterior angle COD\angle COD also equals α+β.\alpha+\beta. Thus CD=OD,CD=OD, so CD=OD=BD.CD=OD=BD.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

32.

MM 为三角形 ABCABC 的边 ABAB 的中点。点 PP 位于 ABAB 上的 AAMM 之间,过该中点作 MDMD 平行于 PCPC,并与 BCBC 交于 DD。若三角形 BPDBPD 与三角形 ABCABC 的面积之比记为 rr,则:

Let MM be the midpoint of side ABAB of triangle ABC.ABC. Let PP be a point on ABAB between AA and M,M, and let MDMD be drawn parallel to PCPC and intersecting BCBC at D.D. If the ratio of the area of triangle BPDBPD to that of triangle ABCABC is denoted by r,r, then:

12<r<1\dfrac12\lt r\lt1,取决于 PP 的位置

12<r<1\dfrac12\lt r\lt1 depending upon the position of PP

r=12r=\dfrac12,与 PP 的位置无关

r=12r=\dfrac12 independent of the position of PP

12r<1\dfrac12\leq r\lt1,取决于 PP 的位置

12r<1\dfrac12\leq r\lt1 depending upon the position of PP

13<r<23\dfrac13\lt r\lt\dfrac23,取决于 PP 的位置

13<r<23\dfrac13\lt r\lt\dfrac23 depending upon the position of PP

r=13r=\dfrac13,与 PP 的位置无关

r=13r=\dfrac13 independent of the position of PP

答案:B
难度评级:1650
小提示:

三角形 MDPMDPMDCMDC 同底,且另两顶点位于平行线上

Triangles MDPMDP and MDCMDC have equal bases on parallel lines

大提示:

分别将它们的面积加到 [BMD][BMD] 上,再利用 CMCM 是中线

Add their areas to [BMD][BMD] and use that CMCM is a median

解答:

因为 MDPCMD\parallel PC,三角形 MDPMDPMDCMDC 的底边同为 MDMD,且高相等,所以它们的面积相等。因此 [BPD]=[BMD]+[MDP]=[BMD]+[MDC]=[BMC] \begin{aligned} [BPD] &=[BMD]+[MDP]\\ &=[BMD]+[MDC]\\ &=[BMC] \end{aligned}\text{。}因为 CMCM 是中线,所以 [BMC]=[ABC]2[BMC]=\frac{[ABC]}{2}。因此对于每个符合条件的 PP,都有 r=12r=\frac{1}{2}

因此,正确答案是 B

Since MDPC,MD\parallel PC, triangles MDPMDP and MDCMDC have the same base MDMD and equal altitudes, so their areas are equal. Hence [BPD]=[BMD]+[MDP]=[BMD]+[MDC]=[BMC]. \begin{aligned} [BPD] &=[BMD]+[MDP]\\ &=[BMD]+[MDC]\\ &=[BMC]. \end{aligned} Because CMCM is a median, [BMC]=[ABC]2.[BMC]=\frac{[ABC]}{2}. Thus r=12r=\frac{1}{2} for every allowed P.P.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

33.

ab0ab\ne0ab|a|\ne|b|,则满足方程的不同 xx 值的个数

xab+xba=bxa+axb \begin{aligned} \frac{x-a}{b}+\frac{x-b}{a} &=\frac{b}{x-a}\\ &\quad+\frac{a}{x-b} \end{aligned}

为:

If ab0ab\ne0 and ab,|a|\ne|b|, the number of distinct values of xx satisfying the equation

xab+xba=bxa+axb \begin{aligned} \frac{x-a}{b}+\frac{x-b}{a} &=\frac{b}{x-a}\\ &\quad+\frac{a}{x-b} \end{aligned}

is:

00

11

22

33

44

答案:D
难度评级:1710
小提示:

两边通分后都含有分子 (a+b)x(a2+b2)(a+b)x-(a^2+b^2)

Both sides contain the numerator (a+b)x(a2+b2)(a+b)x-(a^2+b^2) after combining terms

大提示:

将方程因式分解成该分子与两个倒数之差的乘积

Factor the equation into that numerator times a difference of reciprocals

解答:

N=(a+b)xa2b2N=(a+b)x-a^2-b^2。两边分别通分可得 N(1ab1(xa)(xb))=0 N\left(\frac1{ab} -\frac1{(x-a)(x-b)}\right)=0\text{。}第一个因子给出 x=a2+b2a+bx=\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}。第二个因子给出 (xa)(xb)=ab(x-a)(x-b)=ab,即 x(xab)=0x(x-a-b)=0,从而得到 x=0x=0x=a+bx=a+b。题设条件保证三个值都有定义且互不相同。

因此,正确答案是 D

Let N=(a+b)xa2b2.N=(a+b)x-a^2-b^2. Combining each side gives N(1ab1(xa)(xb))=0. N\left(\frac1{ab} -\frac1{(x-a)(x-b)}\right)=0. The first factor gives x=a2+b2a+b.x=\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}. The second gives (xa)(xb)=ab,(x-a)(x-b)=ab, or x(xab)=0,x(x-a-b)=0, giving x=0x=0 and x=a+b.x=a+b. The hypotheses ensure that all three are defined and distinct.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

34.

一个周长为 1111 英尺的车轮以每小时 rr 英里的速度行驶。若车轮转一整圈的时间缩短 14\dfrac14 秒,速度 rr 就会增加 55 英里/小时。则 rr 为:

Let rr be the speed in miles per hour at which a wheel, 1111 feet in circumference, travels. If the time for a complete rotation of the wheel is shortened by 14\dfrac14 of a second, the speed rr is increased by 55 miles per hour. Then rr is:

99

1010

101210\dfrac12

1111

1212

答案:B
难度评级:1650
小提示:

以每小时 rr 英里的速度行驶时,转一圈需要 7.5r\frac{7.5}{r}

At rr miles per hour, one rotation takes 7.5r\frac{7.5}{r} seconds

大提示:

列出 7.5r7.5r+5=14\frac{7.5}{r}-\frac{7.5}{r+5}=\frac{1}{4}

Set 7.5r7.5r+5=14\frac{7.5}{r}-\frac{7.5}{r+5}=\frac{1}{4}

解答:

因为 1111 英尺等于 115280\frac{11}{5280} 英里,所以以每小时 rr 英里的速度转一圈需要 3600115280r=7.5r \frac{3600\cdot11}{5280r}=\frac{7.5}{r} 秒。因此 7.5r7.5r+5=14 \frac{7.5}{r}-\frac{7.5}{r+5}=\frac14\text{。}化简得 r2+5r150=0r^2+5r-150=0,即 (r10)(r+15)=0(r-10)(r+15)=0。正的速度为 r=10r=10

因此,正确答案是 B

Since 1111 feet is 115280\frac{11}{5280} mile, one rotation at rr mph takes 3600115280r=7.5r \frac{3600\cdot11}{5280r}=\frac{7.5}{r} seconds. Thus 7.5r7.5r+5=14. \frac{7.5}{r}-\frac{7.5}{r+5}=\frac14. This reduces to r2+5r150=0,r^2+5r-150=0, or (r10)(r+15)=0.(r-10)(r+15)=0. The positive speed is r=10.r=10.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

35.

OO 为三角形 ABCABC 的内点,且 s1=OA+OB+OCs_1=OA+OB+OC。若 s2=AB+BC+CAs_2=AB+BC+CA,则:

Let OO be an interior point of triangle ABC,ABC, and let s1=OA+OB+OC.s_1=OA+OB+OC. If s2=AB+BC+CA,s_2=AB+BC+CA, then:

对每个三角形,s1>12s2s_1\gt\dfrac12s_2,且 s1s2s_1\leq s_2

for every triangle s1>12s2,s_1\gt\dfrac12s_2, and s1s2s_1\leq s_2

对每个三角形,s112s2s_1\geq\dfrac12s_2,且 s1<s2s_1\lt s_2

for every triangle s112s2,s_1\geq\dfrac12s_2, and s1<s2s_1\lt s_2

对每个三角形,s1>12s2s_1\gt\dfrac12s_2,且 s1<s2s_1\lt s_2

for every triangle s1>12s2,s_1\gt\dfrac12s_2, and s1<s2s_1\lt s_2

对每个三角形,s112s2s_1\geq\dfrac12s_2,且 s1s2s_1\leq s_2

for every triangle s112s2,s_1\geq\dfrac12s_2, and s1s2s_1\leq s_2

(A)(A)(B)(B)(C)(C)(D)(D) 均不适用于每个三角形

neither (A)(A) nor (B)(B) nor (C)(C) nor (D)(D) applies to every triangle

答案:C
难度评级:1880
小提示:

AB<OA+OBAB\lt OA+OBBC<OB+OCBC\lt OB+OCCA<OC+OACA\lt OC+OA 相加

Add AB<OA+OB,AB\lt OA+OB, BC<OB+OC,BC\lt OB+OC, and CA<OC+OACA\lt OC+OA

大提示:

AOAO 延长至边 BCBC,证明 OA+OB<AC+CBOA+OB\lt AC+CB,再循环处理

Extend AOAO to side BCBC to prove OA+OB<AC+CB,OA+OB\lt AC+CB, and cycle

解答:

将三个严格的三角不等式 AB<OA+OB,BC<OB+OC,CA<OC+OA \begin{gathered} AB\lt OA+OB,\\ BC\lt OB+OC,\\ CA\lt OC+OA \end{gathered} 相加,得到 s2<2s1s_2\lt2s_1

为求上界,将 AOAO 延长至 BCBC 上的 DD。此时 AO+OD<AC+CDAO+OD\lt AC+CD,且 OB<OD+DBOB\lt OD+DB,消去相同部分得 OA+OB<AC+CBOA+OB\lt AC+CB。循环处理并相加,得到 2s1<2s22s_1\lt2s_2。因此 s1>s22s_1\gt \frac{s_2}{2}s1<s2s_1\lt s_2

因此,正确答案是 C

Adding the three strict triangle inequalities AB<OA+OB,BC<OB+OC,CA<OC+OA \begin{gathered} AB\lt OA+OB,\\ BC\lt OB+OC,\\ CA\lt OC+OA \end{gathered} gives s2<2s1.s_2\lt2s_1.

For the upper bound, extend AOAO to DD on BC.BC. Then AO+OD<AC+CDAO+OD\lt AC+CD and OB<OD+DB,OB\lt OD+DB, so cancellation gives OA+OB<AC+CB.OA+OB\lt AC+CB. Cycling and adding yields 2s1<2s2.2s_1\lt2s_2. Therefore s1>s22s_1\gt \frac{s_2}{2} and s1<s2.s_1\lt s_2.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

36.

(1+x+x2)n=a0+a1x+a2x2++a2nx2n \begin{aligned} (1+x+x^2)^n &=a_0+a_1x\\ &\quad+a_2x^2+\cdots\\ &\quad+a_{2n}x^{2n} \end{aligned}

是关于 xx 的恒等式。若令 s=a0+a2+a4++a2ns=a_0+a_2+a_4+\cdots+a_{2n},则 ss 等于:

Let

(1+x+x2)n=a0+a1x+a2x2++a2nx2n \begin{aligned} (1+x+x^2)^n &=a_0+a_1x\\ &\quad+a_2x^2+\cdots\\ &\quad+a_{2n}x^{2n} \end{aligned}

be an identity in x.x. If we let s=a0+a2+a4++a2n,s=a_0+a_2+a_4+\cdots+a_{2n}, then ss equals:

2n2^n

2n+12^n+1

3n12\dfrac{3^n-1}{2}

3n2\dfrac{3^n}{2}

3n+12\dfrac{3^n+1}{2}

答案:E
难度评级:1430
小提示:

分别令多项式中的 x=1x=1x=1x=-1

Evaluate the polynomial at x=1x=1 and x=1x=-1

大提示:

将这两个值相加,所有奇数次项的系数都会相消

Adding those two values cancels all odd-degree coefficients

解答:

P(x)=(1+x+x2)nP(x)=(1+x+x^2)^n。则 P(1)=3nP(1)=3^n 是所有系数之和,而 P(1)=1P(-1)=1 是偶数次项系数之和减去奇数次项系数之和。因此 s=P(1)+P(1)2=3n+12 s=\frac{P(1)+P(-1)}2=\frac{3^n+1}{2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

Let P(x)=(1+x+x2)n.P(x)=(1+x+x^2)^n. Then P(1)=3nP(1)=3^n is the sum of all coefficients, while P(1)=1P(-1)=1 is the even-coefficient sum minus the odd-coefficient sum. Therefore s=P(1)+P(1)2=3n+12. s=\frac{P(1)+P(-1)}2=\frac{3^n+1}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

37.

阿尔法、贝塔和伽马三人合作完成一项工作,所需时间比阿尔法单独工作少 66 小时,比贝塔单独工作少 11 小时,并且是伽马单独工作所需时间的一半。设阿尔法与贝塔合作完成该工作需要 hh 小时,则 hh 等于:

Three men, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma, working together, do a job in 66 hours less time than Alpha alone, in 11 hour less time than Beta alone, and in one-half the time needed by Gamma when working alone. Let hh be the number of hours needed by Alpha and Beta, working together, to do the job. Then hh equals:

52\dfrac52

32\dfrac32

43\dfrac43

54\dfrac54

34\dfrac34

答案:C
难度评级:1850
小提示:

设三人合作所需时间为 tt

Let tt be the time all three take together

大提示:

三人单独工作的时间分别为 t+6t+6t+1t+12t2t;将各自工作效率相加

Their individual times are t+6,t+6, t+1,t+1, and 2t2t; add reciprocal rates

解答:

若三人合作需要 tt 小时,则 1t+6+1t+1+12t=1t \frac1{t+6}+\frac1{t+1}+\frac1{2t}=\frac1t\text{。}化简得 3t2+7t6=03t^2+7t-6=0,所以 t=23t=\frac{2}{3}。阿尔法与贝塔单独工作分别需要 203\frac{20}{3}53\frac{5}{3} 小时,因此二人的合计工作效率为 320+35=34\frac{3}{20}+\frac{3}{5}=\frac{3}{4}。所以 h=43h=\frac{4}{3}

因此,正确答案是 C

If all three together take tt hours, then 1t+6+1t+1+12t=1t. \frac1{t+6}+\frac1{t+1}+\frac1{2t}=\frac1t. This simplifies to 3t2+7t6=0,3t^2+7t-6=0, so t=23.t=\frac{2}{3}. Alpha and Beta alone take 203\frac{20}{3} and 53\frac{5}{3} hours, so their combined rate is 320+35=34.\frac{3}{20}+\frac{3}{5}=\frac{3}{4}. Hence h=43.h=\frac{4}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

38.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,分别作到边 BCBCABAB 的中线 AMAMCNCN,二者交于点 OO。点 PP 是边 ACAC 的中点,且 MPMPCNCN 交于 QQ。若三角形 OMQOMQ 的面积为 nn,则三角形 ABCABC 的面积为:

In triangle ABCABC the medians AMAM and CNCN to sides BCBC and AB,AB, respectively, intersect in point O.O. PP is the midpoint of side AC,AC, and MPMP intersects CNCN in Q.Q. If the area of triangle OMQOMQ is n,n, then the area of triangle ABCABC is:

16n16n

18n18n

21n21n

24n24n

27n27n

答案:D
难度评级:1650
小提示:

使用仿射模型 A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(2,0)B=(2,0)C=(0,2)C=(0,2)

Use an affine model A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(2,0),B=(2,0), and C=(0,2)C=(0,2)

大提示:

求出 M,O,P,QM,O,P,Q,再比较两个面积

Find M,O,P,QM,O,P,Q and compare the two areas

解答:

面积比在仿射变换下不变,所以取 A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(2,0)B=(2,0),且 C=(0,2)C=(0,2)。则 M=(1,1),O=(23,23),P=(0,1) \begin{gathered} M=(1,1),\\ O=(\frac{2}{3},\frac{2}{3}),\\ P=(0,1) \end{gathered}\text{。}直线 MPMPy=1y=1,它与中线 CNCN 交于 Q=(12,1)Q=(\frac{1}{2},1)。因此 [OMQ]=112[OMQ]=\frac{1}{12},而 [ABC]=2[ABC]=2。二者之比为 2424,所以 [ABC]=24n[ABC]=24n

因此,正确答案是 D

Area ratios are affine-invariant, so take A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(2,0),B=(2,0), and C=(0,2).C=(0,2). Then M=(1,1),O=(23,23),P=(0,1). \begin{gathered} M=(1,1),\\ O=(\frac{2}{3},\frac{2}{3}),\\ P=(0,1). \end{gathered} Line MPMP is y=1,y=1, and it meets median CNCN at Q=(12,1).Q=(\frac{1}{2},1). Thus [OMQ]=112,[OMQ]=\frac{1}{12}, while [ABC]=2.[ABC]=2. Their ratio is 24,24, so [ABC]=24n.[ABC]=24n.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

39.

R1R_1 进制中,分数 F1F_1 展开为 0.3737370.373737\ldots,分数 F2F_2 展开为 0.7373730.737373\ldots。在 R2R_2 进制中,分数 F1F_1 展开为 0.2525250.252525\ldots,而分数 F2F_2 展开为 0.5252520.525252\ldots。将 R1R_1R2R_2 都写成十进制后,它们的和为:

In base R1R_1 the expanded fraction F1F_1 becomes 0.3737370.373737\ldots and the expanded fraction F2F_2 becomes 0.737373.0.737373\ldots. In base R2R_2 fraction F1,F_1, when expanded, becomes 0.252525,0.252525\ldots, while fraction F2F_2 becomes 0.525252.0.525252\ldots. The sum of R1R_1 and R2,R_2, each written in base ten, is:

2424

2222

2121

2020

1919

答案:E
难度评级:1990
小提示:

RR 进制中的循环数位对 abab 等于 aR+bR21\frac{aR+b}{R^2-1}

A repeating pair abab in base RR equals aR+bR21\frac{aR+b}{R^2-1}

大提示:

先将关于 F1F_1F2F_2 的两个方程相加,再相减

Add the equations for F1F_1 and F2,F_2, then subtract them

解答:

两种表示给出 F1=3R1+7R121=2R2+5R221,F2=7R1+3R121=5R2+2R221 \begin{aligned} F_1&=\frac{3R_1+7}{R_1^2-1}\\ &=\frac{2R_2+5}{R_2^2-1},\\ F_2&=\frac{7R_1+3}{R_1^2-1}\\ &=\frac{5R_2+2}{R_2^2-1} \end{aligned}\text{。}相加得 10R11=7R21\frac{10}{R_1-1}=\frac{7}{R_2-1},即 10R27R1=310R_2-7R_1=3。相减得 4R1+1=3R2+1\frac{4}{R_1+1}=\frac{3}{R_2+1},即 4R23R1=14R_2-3R_1=-1。解得 R1=11R_1=11R2=8R_2=8,它们的和为 1919

因此,正确答案是 E

The two descriptions give F1=3R1+7R121=2R2+5R221,F2=7R1+3R121=5R2+2R221. \begin{aligned} F_1&=\frac{3R_1+7}{R_1^2-1}\\ &=\frac{2R_2+5}{R_2^2-1},\\ F_2&=\frac{7R_1+3}{R_1^2-1}\\ &=\frac{5R_2+2}{R_2^2-1}. \end{aligned} Adding yields 10R11=7R21,\frac{10}{R_1-1}=\frac{7}{R_2-1}, or 10R27R1=3.10R_2-7R_1=3. Subtracting yields 4R1+1=3R2+1,\frac{4}{R_1+1}=\frac{3}{R_2+1}, or 4R23R1=1.4R_2-3R_1=-1. Solving gives R1=11,R_1=11, R2=8,R_2=8, whose sum is 19.19.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

40.

图中,ABAB 是一个圆的直径,圆心为 OO,半径为 aa。作弦 ADAD 并延长,与圆在 BB 点的切线交于 CC。在 ACAC 上取点 EE,使得 AE=DCAE=DC。若 EE 的坐标为 (x,y)(x,y),则:

In this figure ABAB is a diameter of a circle, centered at O,O, with radius a.a. A chord ADAD is drawn and extended to meet the tangent to the circle at B,B, in point C.C. Point EE is taken on ACAC so that AE=DC.AE=DC. If the coordinates of EE are (x,y),(x,y), then:

y2=x32axy^2=\dfrac{x^3}{2a-x}

y2=x32a+xy^2=\dfrac{x^3}{2a+x}

y4=x22axy^4=\dfrac{x^2}{2a-x}

x2=y22axx^2=\dfrac{y^2}{2a-x}

x2=y22a+xx^2=\dfrac{y^2}{2a+x}

答案:A
难度评级:2060
小提示:

EEDD 向直径 ABAB 作垂线

Drop perpendiculars from EE and DD to diameter ABAB

大提示:

在两条平行切线之间利用 AE=DCAE=DC,再结合高定理与相似三角形

Use AE=DCAE=DC between the two parallel tangents, then combine the altitude theorem with similar triangles

解答:

分别向 ABAB 作垂线 EMEMDNDN。因为 AE=DCAE=DC,且过 A,BA,B 的切线平行,所以它们的投影给出 NB=xNB=x。因此 AN=2axAN=2a-x。在直角三角形 ADBADB 中,高定理给出 DN2=x(2ax) DN^2=x(2a-x)\text{。}相似三角形 AMEAMEANDAND 给出 DN2ax=yx\frac{DN}{2a-x}=\frac{y}{x},所以 DN=y(2ax)xDN=\frac{y(2a-x)}{x}。代入并约去公因子可得 y2=x32ax y^2=\frac{x^3}{2a-x}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Drop perpendiculars EMEM and DNDN to AB.AB. Since AE=DCAE=DC and the tangents through A,BA,B are parallel, their projections give NB=x.NB=x. Hence AN=2ax.AN=2a-x. In right triangle ADB,ADB, the altitude theorem gives DN2=x(2ax). DN^2=x(2a-x). Similar triangles AMEAME and ANDAND give DN2ax=yx,\frac{DN}{2a-x}=\frac{y}{x}, so DN=y(2ax)x.DN=\frac{y(2a-x)}{x}. Substitution and cancellation yield y2=x32ax. y^2=\frac{x^3}{2a-x}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.