1966 AMC 12 真题
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1.
已知 与 之比为常数,且当 时 。那么,当 时, 等于:
Given that the ratio of to is constant, and when then, when equals:
2.
若三角形的底边增加 ,而这条底边上的高减少 ,则面积的变化为:
When the base of a triangle is increased and the altitude to this base is decreased the change in area is:
增加
increase
增加
increase
减少
decrease
减少
decrease
3.
若两个数的算术平均数为 ,几何平均数为 ,则以这两个数为根的一个方程是:
If the arithmetic mean of two numbers is and their geometric mean is then an equation with the given two numbers as roots is:
小提示:
这两个数的和为 ,积为
The two numbers have sum and product
大提示:
和为 、积为 的两个根满足
Roots with sum and product satisfy
解答:
设这两个数为 、,则由 得 ,而由 得 。以它们为根的首一方程为 ,即 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If the numbers are and then gives while gives The monic equation with those roots is or
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
4.
圆 外接于一个给定的正方形,圆 内切于该正方形。若 是圆 与圆 的面积之比,则 等于:
Circle is circumscribed about a given square and circle is inscribed in the given square. If is the ratio of the area of circle to that of circle then equals:
小提示:
设正方形边长为 ,比较两个半径 与
For square side compare radii and
大提示:
圆的面积与半径的平方成正比
Circle areas are proportional to the squares of their radii
解答:
设正方形边长为 ,则外接圆半径为 ,内切圆半径为 。因此
因此,正确答案是 B。
For square side the outer circle has radius while the inner circle has radius Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
5.
满足方程的 值的个数
为:
The number of values of satisfying the equation
is:
零
zero
一
one
二
two
三
three
大于 的整数
an integer greater than
小提示:
求解前先将分子和分母因式分解
Factor numerator and denominator before solving
大提示:
不能接受使原式分母为零的值
Do not admit values that make the original denominator zero
解答:
分母要求 且 。在这个定义域内,剩下的方程 给出 ,但该值已被排除。因此无解。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The denominator requires and On that domain, The remaining equation gives which is excluded. Thus there are no solutions.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
6.
是一个圆的直径,圆心为 。点 在圆上,且角 为 。若圆的直径为 英寸,则弦 的长度(单位:英寸)为:
is a diameter of a circle centered at is a point on the circle such that angle is If the diameter of the circle is inches, the length of chord expressed in inches, is:
以上均不是
none of these
7.
设
是关于 的恒等式。则 的数值为:
Let
be an identity in The numerical value of is:
8.
两个相交圆的公共弦长为 英尺。若两个半径分别为 英尺和 英尺,则两圆心之间的距离可能为(单位:英尺):
The length of the common chord of two intersecting circles is feet. If the radii are feet and feet, a possible value for the distance between the centers of the circles, expressed in feet, is:
无法确定
undetermined
小提示:
两圆心的连线垂直平分公共弦
The line of centers perpendicularly bisects the common chord
大提示:
利用半弦长 求每个圆心到弦的距离
Find each center’s distance from the chord using half-chord
解答:
半弦长为 。两个圆心到弦所在直线的垂直距离分别为 若两圆心位于弦的两侧,则它们的距离为 ,这是一个可能值。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The half-chord has length The two perpendicular distances from the centers to its line are If the centers lie on opposite sides of the chord, their distance is which is a possible value.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
9.
10.
若两个数的和为 ,积为 ,则它们的立方和为(其中 ):
If the sum of two numbers is and their product is then the sum of their cubes is, where
11.
三角形 的三边之比为 。 是作到最短边 的角平分线,将其分成线段 与 。若 的长度为 ,则 上较长线段的长度为:
The sides of triangle are in the ratio is the angle-bisector drawn to the shortest side dividing it into segments and If the length of is then the length of the longer segment of is:
小提示:
因为 是最短边,所以它两端相邻的另两边之比为
Since is the shortest side, the adjacent sides are in ratio
大提示:
对 应用角平分线定理
Apply the angle-bisector theorem to
解答:
角 两侧相邻边之比为 。由角平分线定理,。因此两段中较长的一段为
因此,正确答案是 C。
The sides adjacent to angle are in ratio By the angle-bisector theorem, The longer of the two parts is therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
12.
满足方程的实数 的个数
为:
The number of real values of that satisfy the equation
is:
大于
greater than
小提示:
将每一项都改写成以 为底
Rewrite every term with base
大提示:
在求 之前,先比较等式两边的总指数
Compare the total exponent on each side before trying to solve for
解答:
改写成以 为底后,左边的指数为 而右边的指数为 。该方程对每个实数 都是恒等式,所以实数解多于三个。
因此,正确答案是 E。
In base the left exponent is and the right exponent is The equation is an identity for every real so it has more than three real solutions.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
13.
在 平面中满足 的点中,坐标均为正有理数的点共有:
The number of points with positive rational coordinates selected from the set of points in the -plane such that is:
无限多个
infinite
小提示:
尝试固定其中一个正有理数坐标
Try fixing one positive rational coordinate
大提示:
一个区间内有无限多个正有理数
There are infinitely many positive rational numbers in an interval
解答:
例如,令 。此时每个满足 的正有理数都给出一个合格点 ,而这样的有理数有无限多个。
因此,正确答案是 E。
For example, set Every positive rational then gives an allowed point and there are infinitely many such rationals.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
14.
矩形 的长为 英寸,宽为 英寸。点 与 将对角线 三等分。三角形 的面积(单位:平方英寸)为:
The length of rectangle is inches and its width is inches. Diagonal is divided into three equal segments by points and The area of triangle expressed in square inches, is:
15.
16.
若
其中 与 为实数,则 等于:
If
and are real numbers, then equals:
小提示:
分别将两个方程改写成以 和 为底
Rewrite both equations with bases and
大提示:
令指数相等,得到关于 、 的两个线性方程
Equate exponents to obtain two linear equations in and
解答:
第一个方程化为 ,所以 。第二个方程化为 ,所以 。解得 、,因此 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The first equation becomes so The second becomes so Solving gives and hence
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
17.
曲线 与 共有的不同交点个数为:
The number of distinct points common to the curves and is:
小提示:
用第一个方程表示 ,再代入第二个方程
Use the first equation to substitute for in the second
大提示:
求出 后,计入 的两种可能符号
After finding count both possible signs of
解答:
由第一个方程,。代入第二个方程得 所以 。此时 ,得到两个点 与 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
From the first equation, Substitution into the second gives so Then giving the two points and
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
18.
某等差数列的首项为 ,末项为 ,所有项之和为 。其公差为:
In a given arithmetic sequence the first term is the last term is and the sum of all the terms is The common difference is:
19.
设 为等差数列 、、 的前 项之和, 为等差数列 、、 的前 项之和。则使 成立的值共有:
Let be the sum of the first terms of the arithmetic sequence and let be the sum of the first terms of the arithmetic sequence Then for:
无 值
no value of
一个 值
one value of
两个 值
two values of
四个 值
four values of
多于四个 值
more than four values of
小提示:
分别写出两个数列的求和公式
Write a sum formula for each progression
大提示:
令两和相等后,约去正因子
Cancel the positive factor after equating the sums
解答:
两个和分别为 令它们相等得 。因为项数为正,所以只有 符合,即只有一个值。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The two sums are Equality gives Since a number of terms is positive, only works, so there is one value.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
20.
若命题“”为真,则命题“对于实数 和 ,若 ,则 ”的否定为:
If the proposition “” is true, the negation of the proposition “For real values of and if then ” is:
若 ,则
If then
若 ,则
If then
若 ,则
If then
若 ,则
If then
若 ,则
If then
答案:C
小提示:
真结论的否定就是与其相反的陈述
The negation of a true conclusion is its opposite statement
大提示:
在已声明的假设 下,否定结论
Under the stated assumption negate the conclusion
解答:
题目假定前提 为真。因此,否定这个蕴含命题就要否定其结论: 变为 。所求陈述就是“若 ,则 。”
因此,正确答案是 C。
The stated premise is assumed true. Negating the implication therefore negates its conclusion: becomes Thus the required statement is “If then ”
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
21.
按以下方法作一个“ 角星”:将一个凸多边形的各边依次编号为 、、、、、,其中 ;对于 的全部 个取值,边 与边 均不平行,并约定边 和边 分别与边 和边 相同;将编号为 和 的 对边延长至相交。(图示为 的情形。)
设 为该星形 个尖角的内角度数之和,则 等于:
An “-pointed star” is formed as follows: the sides of a convex polygon are numbered consecutively for all values of sides and are non-parallel, sides and being respectively identical with sides and prolong the pairs of sides numbered and until they meet. (A figure is shown for the case )
Let be the degree-sum of the interior angles at the points of the star; then equals:
小提示:
将每个星尖角与原多边形的两个相邻内角联系起来
Relate each star-tip angle to two adjacent interior angles of the original polygon
大提示:
原多边形的内角和为 度
The original polygon’s interior-angle sum is degrees
解答:
设原多边形的内角为 。由边 和边 形成的星尖角为 循环求和时,每个 被计算两次。因此
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let the original polygon’s interior angles be The star angle made from sides and equals Summing cyclically counts each twice. Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
22.
考虑下列等式:
其中允许 与 为实数或复数。除 且 外仍存在解的等式是:
Consider the statements:
where we allow and to be real or complex numbers. Those statements for which there exist solutions other than and are:
,, ,
仅 ,,
only
仅 ,,
only
仅 ,
only
仅
only
小提示:
对每个等式,找到一个非零解即可
One nonzero example is enough for each statement
大提示:
对 尝试 ,对 取两个相等正值,对 和 取
Try for equal positive values for and for and
解答:
每个等式都有非零解。对 ,取 。对 ,取 ,此时 。对 和 ,都取 。因此四个等式都符合要求。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Every statement has a nonzero solution. For use For use giving For both and use Thus all four statements qualify.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
23.
若 为实数且 ,则使 为实数的全部 值为:
If is real and then the complete set of values of for which is real, is:
或
or
或
or
或
or
24.
若 、、,且 、,则 等于:
If and then equals:
大于 且小于 的数
a number greater than and less than
小提示:
用自然对数改写两个对数
Write both logarithms using natural logs
大提示:
该等式给出 ;再利用
The equality gives ; use
解答:
换底公式给出 所以 。若两个对数本身相等,就会得到已排除的 。因此 ,且 。所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Change of base gives so Equality of the logs themselves would give which is excluded. Hence and Thus
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
25.
26.
设 为正整数,且直线 与 交于一个坐标均为整数的点。则 可以是:
Let be a positive integer and let the lines and intersect in a point whose coordinates are integers. Then can be:
仅
only
仅
only
仅
only
仅
only
整数 、、、 之一以及另一个正整数
one of the integers and one other positive integer
小提示:
将 代入第一条直线的方程
Substitute into the first line
大提示:
要使 为整数, 必须整除
For integer the number must divide
解答:
代入得 因此 必须是 的正因数。在大于 的因数中,只有 与 同余。因此 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Substitution gives Thus must be a positive divisor of Among divisors greater than only is congruent to Hence so
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
27.
一个人按通常速度顺流划行 英里,所用时间比返程少五小时。若他将通常划船速度加倍,则顺流时间只比逆流时间少一小时。水流速度(单位:英里/小时)为:
At his usual rate a man rows miles downstream in five hours less time than it takes him to return. If he doubles his usual rate, the time downstream is only one hour less than the time upstream. In miles per hour, the rate of the stream’s current is:
小提示:
设 为划船者在静水中的速度, 为水流速度
Let be the rower’s still-water speed and the current speed
大提示:
用速度 与 表示两次时间差
Translate the two time differences using speeds and
解答:
两次时间差给出 化简得 且 。将 代入第二式,得到 。由 可得 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The two time differences give These simplify to and Substituting into the second gives Since we have
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
28.
在一条直线上依次取五个点 、、、、,且距离 、、、。点 位于 与 之间,并满足 。则 等于:
Five points are taken in order on a straight line with distances and is a point on the line between and and such that Then equals:
小提示:
令 。则 、、,且
Write Then and
大提示:
作上述代入后,对所给比例交叉相乘
Cross-multiply the two given ratios after making those substitutions
解答:
令 。所给比例化为 交叉相乘后, 项相消,得到 因此 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let The given ratio becomes Cross-multiplication cancels the terms and yields Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is B.
29.
小于 且既不能被 整除也不能被 整除的正整数共有:
The number of positive integers less than divisible by neither nor is:
30.
若 的三个根为 、 和 ,则 的值为:
If three of the roots of are and then the value of is:
小提示:
缺少 项意味着四个根之和为零
The missing coefficient makes the sum of all four roots zero
大提示:
利用第四个根求两两乘积之和 与四根之积
Use the fourth root to compute the pairwise sum and product
解答:
因为根之和为零,所以第四个根是 。两两乘积之和为 而四根之积为 。因此 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The fourth root is because the root sum is zero. The sum of pairwise products is while the product is Thus
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
31.
三角形 内接于圆心为 的圆。圆心为 的圆内切于三角形 。作 ,并延长至与大圆交于 。则必有:
Triangle is inscribed in a circle with center A circle with center is inscribed in triangle is drawn, and extended to intersect the larger circle in Then we must have:
答案:D
小提示:
直线 平分 ,所以 是弧 的中点
Line bisects so is the midpoint of arc
大提示:
比较三角形 中的角,证明
Compare angles in triangle to show
解答:
因为 是角平分线,所以圆周角 与 相等。因此弧 与 相等,从而弦 与 相等。
设 ,且 。则 。在三角形 中,外角 也等于 。因此 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Because is an angle bisector, the inscribed angles and are equal. Hence arcs and , and therefore chords and are equal.
Let and Then In triangle the exterior angle also equals Thus so
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
32.
设 为三角形 的边 的中点。点 位于 上的 与 之间,过该中点作 平行于 ,并与 交于 。若三角形 与三角形 的面积之比记为 ,则:
Let be the midpoint of side of triangle Let be a point on between and and let be drawn parallel to and intersecting at If the ratio of the area of triangle to that of triangle is denoted by then:
,取决于 的位置
depending upon the position of
,与 的位置无关
independent of the position of
,取决于 的位置
depending upon the position of
,取决于 的位置
depending upon the position of
,与 的位置无关
independent of the position of
小提示:
三角形 与 同底,且另两顶点位于平行线上
Triangles and have equal bases on parallel lines
大提示:
分别将它们的面积加到 上,再利用 是中线
Add their areas to and use that is a median
解答:
因为 ,三角形 与 的底边同为 ,且高相等,所以它们的面积相等。因此 因为 是中线,所以 。因此对于每个符合条件的 ,都有 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Since triangles and have the same base and equal altitudes, so their areas are equal. Hence Because is a median, Thus for every allowed
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
33.
若 且 ,则满足方程的不同 值的个数
为:
If and the number of distinct values of satisfying the equation
is:
小提示:
两边通分后都含有分子
Both sides contain the numerator after combining terms
大提示:
将方程因式分解成该分子与两个倒数之差的乘积
Factor the equation into that numerator times a difference of reciprocals
解答:
设 。两边分别通分可得 第一个因子给出 。第二个因子给出 ,即 ,从而得到 与 。题设条件保证三个值都有定义且互不相同。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let Combining each side gives The first factor gives The second gives or giving and The hypotheses ensure that all three are defined and distinct.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
34.
一个周长为 英尺的车轮以每小时 英里的速度行驶。若车轮转一整圈的时间缩短 秒,速度 就会增加 英里/小时。则 为:
Let be the speed in miles per hour at which a wheel, feet in circumference, travels. If the time for a complete rotation of the wheel is shortened by of a second, the speed is increased by miles per hour. Then is:
小提示:
以每小时 英里的速度行驶时,转一圈需要 秒
At miles per hour, one rotation takes seconds
大提示:
列出
Set
解答:
因为 英尺等于 英里,所以以每小时 英里的速度转一圈需要 秒。因此 化简得 ,即 。正的速度为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Since feet is mile, one rotation at mph takes seconds. Thus This reduces to or The positive speed is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
35.
设 为三角形 的内点,且 。若 ,则:
Let be an interior point of triangle and let If then:
对每个三角形,,且
for every triangle and
对每个三角形,,且
for every triangle and
对每个三角形,,且
for every triangle and
对每个三角形,,且
for every triangle and
、、、 均不适用于每个三角形
neither nor nor nor applies to every triangle
小提示:
将 、 与 相加
Add and
大提示:
将 延长至边 ,证明 ,再循环处理
Extend to side to prove and cycle
解答:
将三个严格的三角不等式 相加,得到 。
为求上界,将 延长至 上的 。此时 ,且 ,消去相同部分得 。循环处理并相加,得到 。因此 且 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Adding the three strict triangle inequalities gives
For the upper bound, extend to on Then and so cancellation gives Cycling and adding yields Therefore and
Thus, the correct answer is C.
36.
设
是关于 的恒等式。若令 ,则 等于:
Let
be an identity in If we let then equals:
小提示:
分别令多项式中的 与
Evaluate the polynomial at and
大提示:
将这两个值相加,所有奇数次项的系数都会相消
Adding those two values cancels all odd-degree coefficients
解答:
设 。则 是所有系数之和,而 是偶数次项系数之和减去奇数次项系数之和。因此
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let Then is the sum of all coefficients, while is the even-coefficient sum minus the odd-coefficient sum. Therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
37.
阿尔法、贝塔和伽马三人合作完成一项工作,所需时间比阿尔法单独工作少 小时,比贝塔单独工作少 小时,并且是伽马单独工作所需时间的一半。设阿尔法与贝塔合作完成该工作需要 小时,则 等于:
Three men, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma, working together, do a job in hours less time than Alpha alone, in hour less time than Beta alone, and in one-half the time needed by Gamma when working alone. Let be the number of hours needed by Alpha and Beta, working together, to do the job. Then equals:
小提示:
设三人合作所需时间为
Let be the time all three take together
大提示:
三人单独工作的时间分别为 、、;将各自工作效率相加
Their individual times are and ; add reciprocal rates
解答:
若三人合作需要 小时,则 化简得 ,所以 。阿尔法与贝塔单独工作分别需要 和 小时,因此二人的合计工作效率为 。所以 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
If all three together take hours, then This simplifies to so Alpha and Beta alone take and hours, so their combined rate is Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
38.
在三角形 中,分别作到边 与 的中线 和 ,二者交于点 。点 是边 的中点,且 与 交于 。若三角形 的面积为 ,则三角形 的面积为:
In triangle the medians and to sides and respectively, intersect in point is the midpoint of side and intersects in If the area of triangle is then the area of triangle is:
小提示:
使用仿射模型 、、
Use an affine model and
大提示:
求出 ,再比较两个面积
Find and compare the two areas
解答:
面积比在仿射变换下不变,所以取 、,且 。则 直线 为 ,它与中线 交于 。因此 ,而 。二者之比为 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Area ratios are affine-invariant, so take and Then Line is and it meets median at Thus while Their ratio is so
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
39.
在 进制中,分数 展开为 ,分数 展开为 。在 进制中,分数 展开为 ,而分数 展开为 。将 与 都写成十进制后,它们的和为:
In base the expanded fraction becomes and the expanded fraction becomes In base fraction when expanded, becomes while fraction becomes The sum of and each written in base ten, is:
小提示:
进制中的循环数位对 等于
A repeating pair in base equals
大提示:
先将关于 、 的两个方程相加,再相减
Add the equations for and then subtract them
解答:
两种表示给出 相加得 ,即 。相减得 ,即 。解得 、,它们的和为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The two descriptions give Adding yields or Subtracting yields or Solving gives whose sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
40.
图中, 是一个圆的直径,圆心为 ,半径为 。作弦 并延长,与圆在 点的切线交于 。在 上取点 ,使得 。若 的坐标为 ,则:
In this figure is a diameter of a circle, centered at with radius A chord is drawn and extended to meet the tangent to the circle at in point Point is taken on so that If the coordinates of are then:
小提示:
从 与 向直径 作垂线
Drop perpendiculars from and to diameter
大提示:
在两条平行切线之间利用 ,再结合高定理与相似三角形
Use between the two parallel tangents, then combine the altitude theorem with similar triangles
解答:
分别向 作垂线 和 。因为 ,且过 的切线平行,所以它们的投影给出 。因此 。在直角三角形 中,高定理给出 相似三角形 与 给出 ,所以 。代入并约去公因子可得
因此,正确答案是 A。
Drop perpendiculars and to Since and the tangents through are parallel, their projections give Hence In right triangle the altitude theorem gives Similar triangles and give so Substitution and cancellation yield
Therefore, the correct answer is A.