1966 AMC 12 第 40 题

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40.

图中,ABAB 是一个圆的直径,圆心为 OO,半径为 aa。作弦 ADAD 并延长,与圆在 BB 点的切线交于 CC。在 ACAC 上取点 EE,使得 AE=DCAE=DC。若 EE 的坐标为 (x,y)(x,y),则:

In this figure ABAB is a diameter of a circle, centered at O,O, with radius a.a. A chord ADAD is drawn and extended to meet the tangent to the circle at B,B, in point C.C. Point EE is taken on ACAC so that AE=DC.AE=DC. If the coordinates of EE are (x,y),(x,y), then:

y2=x32axy^2=\dfrac{x^3}{2a-x}

y2=x32a+xy^2=\dfrac{x^3}{2a+x}

y4=x22axy^4=\dfrac{x^2}{2a-x}

x2=y22axx^2=\dfrac{y^2}{2a-x}

x2=y22a+xx^2=\dfrac{y^2}{2a+x}

答案:A
知识点:坐标几何相似切线
难度评级:2060
小提示:

EEDD 向直径 ABAB 作垂线

Drop perpendiculars from EE and DD to diameter ABAB

大提示:

在两条平行切线之间利用 AE=DCAE=DC,再结合高定理与相似三角形

Use AE=DCAE=DC between the two parallel tangents, then combine the altitude theorem with similar triangles

解答:

分别向 ABAB 作垂线 EMEMDNDN。因为 AE=DCAE=DC,且过 A,BA,B 的切线平行,所以它们的投影给出 NB=xNB=x。因此 AN=2axAN=2a-x。在直角三角形 ADBADB 中,高定理给出 DN2=x(2ax) DN^2=x(2a-x)\text{。}相似三角形 AMEAMEANDAND 给出 DN2ax=yx\frac{DN}{2a-x}=\frac{y}{x},所以 DN=y(2ax)xDN=\frac{y(2a-x)}{x}。代入并约去公因子可得 y2=x32ax y^2=\frac{x^3}{2a-x}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Drop perpendiculars EMEM and DNDN to AB.AB. Since AE=DCAE=DC and the tangents through A,BA,B are parallel, their projections give NB=x.NB=x. Hence AN=2ax.AN=2a-x. In right triangle ADB,ADB, the altitude theorem gives DN2=x(2ax). DN^2=x(2a-x). Similar triangles AMEAME and ANDAND give DN2ax=yx,\frac{DN}{2a-x}=\frac{y}{x}, so DN=y(2ax)x.DN=\frac{y(2a-x)}{x}. Substitution and cancellation yield y2=x32ax. y^2=\frac{x^3}{2a-x}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

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