1965 AMC 12 第 40 题

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40.

设使 P=x4+6x3+11x2+3x+31P=x^4+6x^3+11x^2+3x+31 为整数平方的整数 xx 值共有 nn 个。则 nn 为:

Let nn be the number of integer values of xx such that P=x4+6x3+11x2+3x+31P=x^4+6x^3+11x^2+3x+31 is the square of an integer. Then nn is:

44

33

22

11

00

答案:D
知识点:完全平方数多项式极限情形界定系统列举
难度评级:2710
小提示:

改写为 P=(x2+3x+1)23(x10)P=(x^2+3x+1)^2-3(x-10)

Rewrite P=(x2+3x+1)23(x10)P=(x^2+3x+1)^2-3(x-10)

大提示:

两个不同的整数平方 U2U^2V2V^2 之差至少为 2max(U,V)12\max(|U|,|V|)-1

Distinct integer squares U2U^2 and V2V^2 differ by at least 2max(U,V)12\max(|U|,|V|)-1

解答:

N=x2+3x+1N=x^2+3x+1。则 P=N23(x10)P=N^2-3(x-10)\text{。}x=10, P=N2=1312x=10,\ P=N^2=131^2 时,有一个值符合条件。

x>10x\gt10P=y2P=y^2,则 N2y2=3(x10)N^2-y^2=3(x-10)。与 N2N^2 不同的整数平方和它的差至少为 2N12|N|-1,而这已经大于 3(x10)3(x-10),矛盾。若 x<10x\lt10,则类似的界 3(10x)=y2N22y1>2N1 \begin{gathered} 3(10-x)=y^2-N^2\\ \geq2|y|-1\gt2|N|-1 \end{gathered} 只有在 6x2-6\leq x\leq2 时才可能成立。直接代入这九个整数,所得值均不是平方数。因此 x=10x=10 是唯一解,且 n=1n=1

因此,正确答案是 D

Let N=x2+3x+1.N=x^2+3x+1. Then P=N23(x10).P=N^2-3(x-10). At x=10, P=N2=1312,x=10,\ P=N^2=131^2, so one value works.

If x>10x\gt10 and P=y2,P=y^2, then N2y2=3(x10).N^2-y^2=3(x-10). Distinct integer squares differing from N2N^2 differ by at least 2N1,2|N|-1, which is already greater than 3(x10),3(x-10), a contradiction. If x<10,x\lt10, the analogous bound 3(10x)=y2N22y1>2N1 \begin{gathered} 3(10-x)=y^2-N^2\\ \geq2|y|-1\gt2|N|-1 \end{gathered} can hold only for 6x2.-6\leq x\leq2. Direct substitution for these nine integers gives no square. Hence x=10x=10 is the unique solution and n=1.n=1.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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