1965 AMC 12 第 39 题

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39.

一名工头看到检验员用一个 22 英寸塞规和一个 11 英寸塞规检查一个直径为 33 英寸的孔,便建议再插入两个量规,以确保它们恰好紧密贴合。若两个新量规相同,则各自的直径 dd 精确到百分之一英寸为:

A foreman noticed an inspector checking a 33-inch hole with a 22-inch plug and a 11-inch plug and suggested that two more gauges be inserted to be sure that the fit was snug. If the new gauges are alike, then the diameter dd of each, to the nearest hundredth of an inch, is:

0.870.87

0.860.86

0.830.83

0.750.75

0.710.71

答案:B
知识点:相切圆坐标几何估算
难度评级:2410
小提示:

使用半径 32\frac{3}{2}1112\frac{1}{2},并设一个新量规的半径为 rr

Use radii 32,\frac{3}{2}, 1,1, and 12,\frac{1}{2}, and let a new gauge have radius rr

大提示:

若其圆心为 (u,v)(u,v),将三个相切距离方程两两相减

If its center is (u,v)(u,v), subtract its three tangency-distance equations

解答:

将孔的圆心置于原点。直径为 22 英寸和 11 英寸的塞规圆心分别为 (0,12)(0,-\frac{1}{2})(0,1)(0,1)。 设一个新量规的半径为 rr,圆心为 (u,v)(u,v)。 与两个塞规相切给出 u2+(v+12)2=(1+r)2,u2+(v1)2=(12+r)2 \begin{gathered} u^2+(v+\frac{1}{2})^2=(1+r)^2,\\ u^2+(v-1)^2=(\frac{1}{2}+r)^2 \end{gathered}\text{,} 而与孔内切给出 u2+v2=(32r)2u^2+v^2=(\frac{3}{2}-r)^2。 将方程两两相减得 v=12+r3v=\frac12+\frac r3,且 v=322rv=\frac32-2r。 因此 r=37r=\frac{3}{7}, 所以 d=2r=670.86d=2r=\frac{6}{7}\approx0.86

因此,正确答案是 B

Place the hole’s center at the origin. The 22-inch and 11-inch plug centers are (0,12)(0,-\frac{1}{2}) and (0,1).(0,1). Let a new gauge have radius rr and center (u,v).(u,v). Tangency to the two plugs gives u2+(v+12)2=(1+r)2,u2+(v1)2=(12+r)2, \begin{gathered} u^2+(v+\frac{1}{2})^2=(1+r)^2,\\ u^2+(v-1)^2=(\frac{1}{2}+r)^2, \end{gathered} while internal tangency to the hole gives u2+v2=(32r)2.u^2+v^2=(\frac{3}{2}-r)^2. Subtracting pairs of equations yields v=12+r3v=\frac12+\frac r3 and v=322r.v=\frac32-2r. Thus r=37,r=\frac{3}{7}, so d=2r=670.86.d=2r=\frac{6}{7}\approx0.86.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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