1959 AMC 12 第 39 题

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39.

SS 为下列数列前九项之和:

x+a,x2+2a,x3+3a, \begin{gathered} x+a,\quad x^2+2a,\\ x^3+3a,\quad\ldots \end{gathered}\text{。}

SS 等于:

Let SS be the sum of the first nine terms of the sequence

x+a,x2+2a,x3+3a,. \begin{gathered} x+a,\quad x^2+2a,\\ x^3+3a,\quad\ldots. \end{gathered}

Then SS equals:

50a+x+x8x+1\dfrac{50a+x+x^8}{x+1}

50ax+x10x150a-\dfrac{x+x^{10}}{x-1}

x91x+1+45a\dfrac{x^9-1}{x+1}+45a

x10xx1+45a\dfrac{x^{10}-x}{x-1}+45a

x11xx1+45a\dfrac{x^{11}-x}{x-1}+45a

答案:D
知识点:等比数列等差数列求和
难度评级:1280
小提示:

xx 的幂与 aa 的倍数分开

Separate the powers of xx from the multiples of aa

大提示:

x+x2++x9x+x^2+\cdots+x^9 使用等比数列求和公式

Use the geometric-series sum for x+x2++x9x+x^2+\cdots+x^9

解答:

将前九项相加,得 S=(x+x2++x9)+(1+2++9)a \begin{aligned} S={}&(x+x^2+\cdots+x^9)\\ &{}+(1+2+\cdots+9)a \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 S=x10xx1+45a S=\frac{x^{10}-x}{x-1}+45a\text{。}x=1x=1 时按连续性理解此表达式,此时两种形式都等于 9+45a9+45a

因此,正确答案是 D

Adding the first nine terms gives S=(x+x2++x9)+(1+2++9)a. \begin{aligned} S={}&(x+x^2+\cdots+x^9)\\ &{}+(1+2+\cdots+9)a. \end{aligned} Therefore S=x10xx1+45a. S=\frac{x^{10}-x}{x-1}+45a. The expression is understood by continuity at x=1,x=1, where both forms equal 9+45a.9+45a.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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