1965 AMC 12 真题
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1.
满足方程 的实数 的个数为:
The number of real values of satisfying the equation is:
大于
more than
2.
一个正六边形内接于圆。六边形一边的长度与该边所截较短圆弧的长度之比为:
A regular hexagon is inscribed in a circle. The ratio of the length of a side of the hexagon to the length of the shorter of the arcs intercepted by the side is:
小提示:
内接正六边形的边长等于圆的半径
Each side of an inscribed regular hexagon equals the circle’s radius
大提示:
较短圆弧的长度是圆周长的六分之一
The shorter arc is one sixth of the circumference
解答:
若半径为 , 则六边形的边长为 。 该边所截劣弧的长度为 。 所求比为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If the radius is the hexagon side is Its intercepted minor arc has length The ratio is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
3.
4.
直线 与直线 相交,直线 与 平行。这三条直线互不相同且位于同一平面内。到三条直线距离均相等的点共有:
Line intersects line and line is parallel to The three lines are distinct and lie in a plane. The number of points equidistant from all three lines is:
小提示:
到两条平行线距离相等的点位于两线之间的平行中线上
Points equidistant from the two parallel lines lie on their midway parallel
大提示:
将这条平行中线分别与 和 的两条角平分线相交
Intersect that midway line with the two angle bisectors of and
解答:
到平行线 和 距离相等的点位于两线之间唯一的平行中线上。到相交直线 和 距离相等的点位于它们的两条角平分线之一上。每条角平分线都与平行中线相交一次,因此共有两个点。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Points equidistant from parallel lines and lie on the unique line midway between them. Points equidistant from intersecting lines and lie on either of their two angle bisectors. Each angle bisector meets the midway parallel once, giving two points.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
5.
将循环小数 写成最简分数后,分子与分母之和为:
When the repeating decimal is written in simplest fractional form, the sum of the numerator and denominator is:
6.
7.
8.
一个三角形的一边长为 英寸。在三角形内作一条与此边平行的线段,所形成梯形的面积是原三角形面积的三分之一。这条线段的长度(英寸)为:
One side of a given triangle is inches. Inside the triangle a line segment is drawn parallel to this side forming a trapezoid whose area is one-third of that of the triangle. The length of this segment, in inches, is:
小提示:
线段上方小三角形的面积是原三角形面积的三分之二
The smaller triangle above the segment has two-thirds of the original area
大提示:
长度比等于面积比的平方根
Linear scale factors are square roots of area scale factors
解答:
梯形占总面积的三分之一,所以较小相似三角形占三分之二。它的长度比为 。 因此平行线段的长度为
因此,正确答案是 A。
The trapezoid occupies one third of the area, so the smaller similar triangle occupies two thirds. Its linear scale factor is Hence the parallel segment has length
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
9.
当 的值为下列哪一项时,抛物线 的顶点位于 轴上:
The vertex of the parabola will be a point on the -axis if the value of is:
10.
命题 等价于:
The statement is equivalent to the statement:
且
and
或
or
11.
考虑以下命题:
以及
其中不正确的是:
Consider the statements:
and
Of these the following are incorrect:
没有
none
仅
only
仅
only
仅
only
仅 和
and only
小提示:
平方根的乘法法则要求被开方数为非负实数
The product rule for square roots requires nonnegative real radicands
大提示:
直接判断命题 II 和 III
Evaluate statements II and III directly
解答:
命题 I 将 错误地用于负被开方数;在实数范围内其左边没有定义,而取复数主值时左边等于 , 而不是 。 命题 II 和 III 都能正确化简为 。 因此只有 I 不正确。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Statement I improperly applies to negative radicands; over the reals its left side is undefined, and with principal complex roots it equals not Statements II and III both correctly simplify to Thus only I is incorrect.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
12.
在三角形 内作一个菱形,使其一个顶点为 ,且两条边分别位于 和 上。若 英寸, 英寸,且 英寸,则菱形的边长(英寸)为:
A rhombus is inscribed in triangle in such a way that one of its vertices is and two of its sides lie along and If inches, inches, and inches, the side of the rhombus, in inches, is:
小提示:
设菱形边长为 ;相邻顶点分别位于 的 位置与 的 位置
Let the rhombus side be , with adjacent vertices of the way along and along
大提示:
菱形的对角顶点位于 上,因此它的两个仿射系数之和为
The opposite rhombus vertex lies on , so its two affine coefficients sum to
解答:
以 为原点,并设从原点指向 的向量分别为 。若菱形边长为 ,则其对角顶点为 。当这两个系数之和为 时,该点位于 上。因此 从而 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Use as the origin and let the vectors to be If the rhombus side is its opposite vertex is A point lies on when these coefficients sum to Thus giving
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
13.
设 为同时满足 和 的数对 的个数。则 为:
Let be the number of number-pairs which satisfy and Then is:
大于二但有限
more than two, but finite
大于任何有限数
greater than any finite number
小提示:
该不等式表示以原点为圆心、半径为 的圆盘
The inequality describes the disk of radius centered at the origin
大提示:
比较直线到原点的距离 与
Compare the line’s distance from the origin with
解答:
该直线到原点的距离为 。 因此它穿过圆盘 的内部,交集是一条含有无穷多个点的线段。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The line’s distance from the origin is It therefore crosses the interior of the disk in a segment containing infinitely many points.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
14.
完全展开后所有数值系数之和为:
The sum of the numerical coefficients in the complete expansion of is:
小提示:
令两个变量都等于 ,即可得到系数和
Set both variables equal to to obtain the coefficient sum
大提示:
七次幂括号内的表达式变为
The expression inside the seventh power becomes
解答:
令 后,每个单项式都等于 , 因此所得值就是数值系数之和。这个值为
因此,正确答案是 A。
Setting makes every monomial equal so the value is the sum of the numerical coefficients. It is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
15.
符号 表示 进制中的一个两位数。若数 是数 的两倍,则 为:
The symbol represents a two-digit number in the base If the number is double the number then is:
16.
设直线 垂直于直线 。连接 与 的中点 ,并连接 与 的中点 。若 与 相交于点 ,且 英寸,则三角形 的面积(平方英寸)为:
Let line be perpendicular to line Connect to the midpoint of and connect to the midpoint of If and intersect in point and inches, then the area of triangle in square inches, is:
小提示:
因为 是中点且 , 所以两条直角边的长度均为
Since are midpoints and both perpendicular legs have length
大提示:
取坐标 和 ;两条中线交于重心
Use coordinates and ; the two medians meet at the centroid
解答:
取 和 。则 ,且 。直线 和 是三角形 的中线,所以它们交于重心 。线段 长为 ,点 到其所在直线的距离为 。因此
因此,正确答案是 C。
Put and Then and Lines and are medians of triangle so they meet at the centroid Segment has length and is units above its line. Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
已知命题“只有当天气不好时,星期日的野餐才不会举行”为真。由此可推出:
Given the true statement: The picnic on Sunday will not be held only if the weather is not fair. We can then conclude that:
如果野餐举行,那么星期日的天气一定 晴朗。
If the picnic is held, Sunday’s weather is undoubtedly fair.
如果野餐不举行,那么星期日的天气可能 不好。
If the picnic is not held, Sunday’s weather is possibly unfair.
如果星期日天气不好,野餐就不会举行。
If it is not fair Sunday, the picnic will not be held.
如果星期日天气晴朗,野餐可能举行。
If it is fair Sunday, the picnic may be held.
如果星期日天气晴朗,野餐就会 举行。
If it is fair Sunday, the picnic will be held.
答案:E
小提示:
将“只有在 时才 ”写成
Translate “ only if ” as
大提示:
对“未举行蕴含天气不好”取逆否命题
Take the contrapositive of “not held implies not fair”
解答:
该命题的含义是:如果野餐没有举行,那么天气不好。它的逆否命题是:如果天气晴朗,那么野餐会举行。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The statement says: if the picnic is not held, then the weather is not fair. Its contrapositive is: if the weather is fair, then the picnic will be held.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
18.
当用 作为 (其中 )的近似值时,所产生的误差与正确值之比为:
If is used as an approximation to the value of the ratio of the error made to the correct value is:
19.
若 能被 整除,则 的值为:
If is exactly divisible by the value of is:
20.
对每个 ,某等差数列前 项的和 为 。 则第 项为:
For every the sum of terms of an arithmetic progression is The th term is:
21.
可以选取 ,使得
的值:
It is possible to choose in such a way that the value of
is:
为负数
negative
为零
zero
为一
one
小于任意给定的正数
smaller than any positive number that might be specified
大于任意给定的正数
greater than any positive number that might be specified
小提示:
将对数合并为
Combine the logarithms into
大提示:
令 无限增大
Let grow without bound
解答:
该表达式等于 它始终为正,但随着 增大而趋近于 。因此可以使它小于任意给定的正数。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The expression is It is always positive, but tends to as grows. Therefore it can be made smaller than any specified positive number.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
22.
若 ,且 、 是 的两根,则等式
成立的条件是:
If and are the roots of then the equality
holds:
当 时,对所有 , 均成立
for all values of
对所有 均成立
for all values of
仅当 时成立
only when
仅当 或 时成立
only when or
当 时,仅在 或 时成立
only when or
小提示:
右边要求两根都不为零
The right side requires both roots to be nonzero
大提示:
利用 比较首项系数
Use to compare the leading coefficients
解答:
若 ,则 ,并且 对每个 都等于原多项式。若 ,则右边至少有一个分母为零。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If then and which is the original polynomial for every If at least one denominator on the right is zero.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
23.
对所有满足 的 ,若要写成 ,则可取的最小 值为:
If we write for all such that the smallest value we can use for is:
小提示:
因式分解
Factor
大提示:
当 趋近 时得到较大的单侧界
The larger one-sided bound occurs as approaches
解答:
当 时,当 任意接近 时,该表达式也任意接近 ,因此任何更小的上界都不成立。
因此,正确答案是 D。
For Values with arbitrarily close to make the expression arbitrarily close to so no smaller bound works.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
24.
给定数列 , , , , ,使该数列前 项之积大于 的最小 值为:
Given the sequence the smallest value of such that the product of the first members of this sequence exceeds is:
25.
设 为四边形,将 延长到 ,使 。 连接 和 ,形成角 。 若此角为直角,则四边形 必须具有:
Let be a quadrilateral with extended to so that Lines and are drawn to form angle For this angle to be a right angle it is necessary that quadrilateral have:
所有角都相等
all angles equal
所有边都相等
all sides equal
两对相等的边
two pairs of equal sides
一对相等的边
one pair of equal sides
一对相等的角
one pair of equal angles
答案:D
小提示:
因为 , 所以点 是 的中点
Because point is the midpoint of
大提示:
在直角三角形中,斜边中点到三个顶点的距离相等
In a right triangle, the midpoint of the hypotenuse is equidistant from all three vertices
解答:
若 ,则 是直角三角形 的斜边。斜边中点 到 的距离相等。因此 ,所以四边形 必定至少有一对相等的边。无法推出任何关于 的条件。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If then is the hypotenuse of right triangle Its midpoint is equidistant from Thus so quadrilateral necessarily has at least one pair of equal sides. No condition involving follows.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
26.
对于数 、、、、,定义 为这五个数的算术平均数; 是 和 的算术平均数; 是 、 和 的算术平均数; 是 和 的算术平均数。无论如何选取 、、、、,总有:
For the numbers define to be the arithmetic mean of all five numbers; to be the arithmetic mean of and to be the arithmetic mean of and and to be the arithmetic mean of and Then, no matter how are chosen, we shall always have:
以上都不一定成立
none of these
小提示:
用分组平均数 和 表示
Express in terms of the subgroup means and
大提示:
比较 与
Compare with
解答:
有 且 所以 。该差值可能为正、为零或为负,取决于所选各数。因此前四种关系没有一种恒成立。
因此,正确答案是 E。
We have and so This difference may be positive, zero, or negative depending on the chosen numbers. None of the first four relations always holds.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
27.
用 除 ,商为 ,余数为 。 用 除 ,商为 ,余数为 。 若 , 则 为:
When is divided by the quotient is and the remainder is When is divided by the quotient is and the remainder is If then is:
一个无法确定的常数
an undetermined constant
28.
一部向下匀速运行的自动扶梯始终可见 级等高台阶。两个男孩 和 随扶梯稳定向下走, 每分钟走过的扶梯台阶数是 的两倍。 走了 步到达底端,而 走了 步到达底端。则 为:
An escalator (moving staircase) of uniform steps visible at all times descends at constant speed. Two boys, and walk down the escalator steadily as it moves, negotiating twice as many escalator steps per minute as reaches the bottom after taking steps while reaches the bottom after taking steps. Then is:
小提示:
设 的步速为 ,扶梯速度为
Let ’s stepping rate be and the escalator rate be
大提示:
令 与 相等
Equate and
解答:
设 每分钟走 步,则 每分钟走 步,并设扶梯每分钟贡献 级台阶。他们的行进时间分别为 和 。因此 解得 ,从而 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let take steps per minute, so takes and let the escalator contribute steps per minute. Their travel times are and Thus This gives and then
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
29.
在至少选修一门课程的 名学生中,只选数学和英语的人数等于只选数学的人数。没有学生只选英语或只选历史,有六名学生选数学和历史但不选英语。只选英语和历史的人数是三门都选人数的五倍。若三门都选的人数为非零偶数,则只选英语和数学的人数为:
Of students taking at least one subject the number taking Mathematics and English only equals the number taking Mathematics only. No student takes English only or History only, and six students take Mathematics and History, but no English. The number taking English and History only is five times the number taking all three subjects. If the number taking all three subjects is even and non-zero, the number taking English and Mathematics only is:
小提示:
设三门都选的人数为 ,只选数学和只选数学英语的人数均为
Let be the all-three count and both the Math-only and Math-English-only count
大提示:
总人数可写成
The total becomes
解答:
设三门都选的人数为 ,只选数学和英语的人数为 ,它也等于只选数学的人数。各不相交区域的人数之和为 所以 。 因为 为正偶数,所以只有 能使所列人数非负,此时 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let be the number taking all three and the number taking Mathematics and English only, which also equals the Mathematics-only count. The disjoint-region total is so Since is positive and even, is the only value giving a nonnegative listed count, and
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
30.
以直角三角形 的边 为直径作圆,该圆与斜边 交于 。 过 作圆的切线,与直角边 交于 。 这些信息不足以证明:
Let of right triangle be the diameter of a circle intersecting hypotenuse in At a tangent is drawn cutting leg in This information is not sufficient to prove that:
平分
bisects
平分
bisects
小提示:
使用坐标
Use coordinates
大提示:
切线与 交于其中点;用角平分线定理检验角平分线的结论
The tangent meets at its midpoint; test the angle-bisector claim with the angle-bisector theorem
解答:
取 , 和 。 与以 为直径的圆的另一个交点为 圆在 点的切线与 交于 。 因此 平分 ; 又由从 引出的切线段相等,有 ,从而得到选项 C 和 E;圆及直角三角形中的角关系又能得到选项 D。
若 平分 , 则在三角形 中,由角平分线定理必须有 。 左边为 , 而 它不一定等于 。 因此选项 B 无法由已知条件证明。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Put and The second intersection of with the circle of diameter is The tangent at meets at Hence bisects also by equal tangents from which supplies choices C and E, and the circle/right-triangle angles supply choice D.
If bisected the angle-bisector theorem in triangle would require The left side is while which need not be Thus choice B is not provable.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
31.
若 和 是不等于 的正常数,则满足等式 的实数 的个数为:
The number of real values of satisfying the equality where and are positive constants different from is:
一个大于 的整数
an integer greater than
不是有限数
not finite
小提示:
用自然对数表示每个对数
Write every logarithm with natural logs
大提示:
方程可化为
The equation reduces to
解答:
换底得 由于各分母均不为零,。 因此 或 。 因为 , 这两个值互不相同,所以共有两个值。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Change of base gives Since the denominators are nonzero, Thus or These are distinct because so there are two values.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
32.
一件成本为 美元的商品以 售出,亏损额为售价的 %。随后以相对于新售价 的 % 利润转售。若 与 之差为 美元,则 为:
An article costing dollars is sold for at a loss of percent of the selling price. It is then resold at a profit of percent of the new selling price If the difference between and is dollars, then is:
无法确定
undetermined
33.
数 ,即 ,用 进制表示时末尾有 个零,用 进制表示时末尾有 个零,则 等于:
If the number that is, ends with zeros when given to the base and ends with zeros when given to the base then equals:
34.
当 时, 的最小值为:
For the smallest value of is:
答案:B
小提示:
令
Set
大提示:
将表达式改写为
Rewrite the expression as
解答:
令 。因为 ,所以原式为 由算术平均数不小于几何平均数,该式至少为 ,且在允许的 处取等号。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let Since the expression is By AM-GM this is at least with equality at which is allowed.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
35.
一个长方形长 英寸、宽小于 英寸。将其折叠,使一对对角顶点重合。若折痕长为 , 则长方形的宽为:
The length of a rectangle is inches and its width is less than inches. The rectangle is folded so that two diagonally opposite vertices coincide. If the length of the crease is then the width is:
小提示:
折痕是长方形一条对角线的垂直平分线
The crease is the perpendicular bisector of a rectangle diagonal
大提示:
若宽为 , 则折痕与两条长边交点的水平距离为
If the width is its intersections with the long sides differ horizontally by
解答:
将长方形的四个顶点置于 、、 和 。使 与 重合的折痕为 因为 ,折痕与两条水平边相交。两个交点间的竖直变化量为 ,水平变化量为 。因此 令 ,得 ,所以 ,且 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Place the rectangle at and The crease sending to is Because it meets the two horizontal sides. Between those intersections the vertical change is and the horizontal change is Thus Setting gives so and
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
36.
给定两条不同的直线 和 。从 上一点向 作垂线,再从该垂线的垂足向 作垂线。从第二条垂线的垂足再向 作垂线,如此无限继续。第一、第二条垂线段的长度分别为 和 ;当垂线条数无限增加时,各垂线段长度之和趋于一个极限。此极限为:
Given distinct straight lines and From a point in a perpendicular is drawn to from the foot of this perpendicular a line is drawn perpendicular to From the foot of this second perpendicular a line is drawn perpendicular to and so on indefinitely. The lengths of the first and second perpendiculars are and respectively. Then the sum of the lengths of the perpendiculars approaches a limit as the number of perpendiculars grows beyond all bounds. This limit is:
小提示:
两条固定直线依次形成的直角三角形相似
Successive right triangles formed by the two fixed lines are similar
大提示:
垂线段长度构成首项为 、公比为 的等比数列
The perpendicular lengths form a geometric sequence with first term and ratio
解答:
每个新的直角三角形都有相同的锐角,所以垂线段长度构成等比数列。由于前两项为 , 公比为 。 收敛意味着 , 因而总和为
因此,正确答案是 E。
Each new right triangle has the same acute angle, so the perpendicular lengths form a geometric sequence. Since the first two lengths are the common ratio is Convergence implies and the sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
37.
在三角形 的边 上取点 ,使 ;在边 上取点 ,使 。设 与 的交点为 。则
等于:
Point is selected on side of triangle in such a way that and point is selected on side so that The point of intersection of and is Then
is:
小提示:
赋予质量 、 和
Assign masses and
大提示:
利用 和 处的合质量求出两条塞瓦线上的比
Use the combined masses at and to read the two cevian ratios
解答:
用质量 、 和 表示边上的比。则 ,且 。沿 ,有 而沿 ,有 两者之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The side ratios are represented by masses and Then and Along while along Their sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
38.
单独完成一项工作所需时间是 和 合作所需时间的 倍; 单独完成所需时间是 和 合作所需时间的 倍; 单独完成所需时间是 和 合作所需时间的 倍。则用 和 表示的 为:
takes times as long to do a piece of work as and together; takes times as long as and together; and takes times as long as and together. Then in terms of and is:
小提示:
设 、 和 的工作效率分别为 、 和
Let the work rates of and be and
大提示:
将前两个条件写成 和
Translate the first two conditions as and
解答:
设工作效率为 、 和 。由时间关系得 由前两个等式, 且 因此
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let the work rates be and The time statements give From the first two, and Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
39.
一名工头看到检验员用一个 英寸塞规和一个 英寸塞规检查一个直径为 英寸的孔,便建议再插入两个量规,以确保它们恰好紧密贴合。若两个新量规相同,则各自的直径 精确到百分之一英寸为:
A foreman noticed an inspector checking a -inch hole with a -inch plug and a -inch plug and suggested that two more gauges be inserted to be sure that the fit was snug. If the new gauges are alike, then the diameter of each, to the nearest hundredth of an inch, is:
小提示:
使用半径 、 和 ,并设一个新量规的半径为
Use radii and and let a new gauge have radius
大提示:
若其圆心为 ,将三个相切距离方程两两相减
If its center is , subtract its three tangency-distance equations
解答:
将孔的圆心置于原点。直径为 英寸和 英寸的塞规圆心分别为 和 。 设一个新量规的半径为 ,圆心为 。 与两个塞规相切给出 而与孔内切给出 。 将方程两两相减得 ,且 。 因此 , 所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Place the hole’s center at the origin. The -inch and -inch plug centers are and Let a new gauge have radius and center Tangency to the two plugs gives while internal tangency to the hole gives Subtracting pairs of equations yields and Thus so
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
40.
设使 为整数平方的整数 值共有 个。则 为:
Let be the number of integer values of such that is the square of an integer. Then is:
小提示:
改写为
Rewrite
大提示:
两个不同的整数平方 与 之差至少为
Distinct integer squares and differ by at least
解答:
令 。则 当 时,有一个值符合条件。
若 且 ,则 。与 不同的整数平方和它的差至少为 ,而这已经大于 ,矛盾。若 ,则类似的界 只有在 时才可能成立。直接代入这九个整数,所得值均不是平方数。因此 是唯一解,且 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let Then At so one value works.
If and then Distinct integer squares differing from differ by at least which is already greater than a contradiction. If the analogous bound can hold only for Direct substitution for these nine integers gives no square. Hence is the unique solution and
Therefore, the correct answer is D.