2003 AIME I 第 1 题

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1.

已知 ((3!)!)!3!=kn!\frac{((3!)!)!}{3!} = k \cdot n!, 其中 kknn 是正整数,且 nn 尽可能大。求 k+nk + n

Given that ((3!)!)!3!=kn!,\frac{((3!)!)!}{3!} = k \cdot n!, where kk and nn are positive integers and nn is as large as possible, find k+n.k + n.

答案:839
知识点:阶乘极限情形界定
难度评级:1670
解答:

因为 3!=63! = 66!=7206! = 720, 原式为 ((3!)!)!3!=720!6=720719!6=120719!. \begin{aligned} \frac{((3!)!)!}{3!} &= \frac{720!}{6} \\ &= \frac{720 \cdot 719!}{6} \\ &= 120 \cdot 719!. \end{aligned}

nn720720 或更大,则 kn!720!k \cdot n! \ge 720!, 这超过了 720!6\frac{720!}{6}。 因此 nn 的最大可能值是 719719, 此时 k=120k = 120, 所以 k+n=120+719=839k + n = 120 + 719 = 839

Since 3!=63! = 6 and 6!=720,6! = 720, the expression is ((3!)!)!3!=720!6=720719!6=120719!. \begin{aligned} \frac{((3!)!)!}{3!} &= \frac{720!}{6} \\ &= \frac{720 \cdot 719!}{6} \\ &= 120 \cdot 719!. \end{aligned}

If nn were 720720 or more, then kn!720!,k \cdot n! \ge 720!, which exceeds 720!6.\frac{720!}{6}. So the largest possible value of nn is 719,719, achieved with k=120,k = 120, and k+n=120+719=839.k + n = 120 + 719 = 839.

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