2001 AIME I 第 1 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

求所有能被自身每一位数字整除的正两位整数之和。

Find the sum of all positive two-digit integers that are divisible by each of their digits.

答案:630
知识点:数字整除性分类讨论
难度评级:1950
解答:

设这个数为 10a+b10a + b,其中 aa 是十位数字,bb 是个位数字。因为 a10a+ba \mid 10a + b,必须有 aba \mid b,所以 b=kab = ka,其中 kk 为正整数。又因为 b10a+bb \mid 10a + b,必须有 b10ab \mid 10a,即 ka10aka \mid 10a,所以 k10k \mid 10。由于 b=ka9b = ka \le 9,可能的取值是 k=1k = 1 2255

k=1k = 1 时,数为 11,22,,9911, 22, \ldots, 99,和为 1145=49511 \cdot 45 = 495。当 k=2k = 2 时, 数为 12,24,36,4812, 24, 36, 48,和为 120120。当 k=5k = 5 时,唯一的数是 1515

总和为 495+120+15=630495 + 120 + 15 = 630

Let the number be 10a+b10a + b with tens digit aa and units digit b.b. Since a10a+b,a \mid 10a + b, we need ab,a \mid b, so b=kab = ka for some positive integer k.k. Since b10a+b,b \mid 10a + b, we need b10a,b \mid 10a, that is ka10a,ka \mid 10a, so k10.k \mid 10. Because b=ka9,b = ka \le 9, only k=1,k = 1, 2,2, and 55 are possible.

For k=1k = 1 the numbers are 11,22,,99,11, 22, \ldots, 99, with sum 1145=495.11 \cdot 45 = 495. For k=2k = 2 they are 12,24,36,48,12, 24, 36, 48, with sum 120.120. For k=5k = 5 the only one is 15.15.

The total is 495+120+15=630.495 + 120 + 15 = 630.

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