1956 AMC 12 真题
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计时
1:15:00
1.
2.
琼斯先生以每根 的价格卖出两根烟斗。按成本计算,其中一根获利 ,另一根亏损 。在这笔交易中,他:
Mr. Jones sold two pipes at each. Based on the cost his profit on one was and his loss on the other was On the sale of the pipes, he:
收支相抵
broke even
亏损 ¢
lost ¢
获利 ¢
gained ¢
亏损 ¢
lost ¢
获利 ¢
gained ¢
答案:D
小提示:
将售价除以 或 ,求出各自的成本
Recover each cost by dividing the sale price by or
大提示:
将总成本与总售价 比较
Compare the combined cost with the combined selling price of
解答:
获利 的烟斗成本为 而亏损 的烟斗成本为 两根烟斗的总成本为 ,但总售价为 ,所以琼斯先生亏损 美分。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The pipe sold at a profit cost while the pipe sold at a loss cost Their combined cost was but they sold for so Mr. Jones lost cents.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
3.
光在一年中传播的距离约为 英里。光在 年中传播的距离为:
The distance light travels in one year is approximately miles. The distance light travels in years is:
英里
miles
英里
miles
英里
miles
英里
miles
英里
miles
答案:D
小提示:
乘以 会使小数点向右移动两位
Multiplying by moves the decimal point two places to the right
大提示:
将给定距离改写为
Rewrite the given distance as
解答:
给定距离为 英里。乘以 ,得 英里。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The given distance is miles. Multiplying by gives miles.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
4.
一名男子有 可供投资。他将 按 的利率投资,又将 按 的利率投资。为了获得每年 的收入,他必须将余款按下列利率投资:
A man has to invest. He invests at and at In order to have a yearly income of he must invest the remainder at:
答案:E
小提示:
先求尚未投资的本金和仍需获得的收入
First find both the uninvested principal and the income still needed
大提示:
前两笔投资每年分别获得 和
The first two investments earn and per year
解答:
剩余可投资金额为 前两笔投资获得 美元,所以余款必须获得 美元。所需利率为
因此,正确答案是 E。
The amount left to invest is The first two investments earn dollars, so the remaining investment must earn dollars. Its required rate is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
5.
将一枚五美分硬币放在桌上。围绕它最多可以放置多少枚五美分硬币,使每一枚都与中间的硬币及另外两枚硬币相切?
A nickel is placed on a table. The number of nickels which can be placed around it, each tangent to it and to two others is:
答案:C
小提示:
将中间硬币的圆心与两枚相邻硬币的圆心连接
Join the center of the middle nickel to the centers of two neighboring nickels
大提示:
三个两两相切的等圆,其圆心构成等边三角形
Those three mutually tangent equal circles make an equilateral triangle of centers
解答:
中间硬币与任意两枚相邻硬币的圆心两两相距两个半径,所以它们构成等边三角形。因此,相邻两枚外圈硬币的圆心在中间硬币圆心处所成的角为 。恰有 枚硬币可以围在它周围。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The centers of the middle nickel and any two neighboring nickels are pairwise two radii apart, so they form an equilateral triangle. Therefore consecutive outer centers subtend at the center of the middle nickel. Exactly nickels fit around it.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
6.
一群牛和鸡的腿数比头数的两倍多 。牛的数量为:
In a group of cows and chickens, the number of legs was more than twice the number of heads. The number of cows was:
答案:B
小提示:
头数的两倍已经按每只动物两条腿计算
Twice the number of heads already accounts for two legs per animal
大提示:
每头牛在此基准上还多贡献两条腿
Each cow contributes two additional legs beyond that baseline
解答:
按每个头计算两条腿,正好计入每只鸡的两条腿,以及每头牛四条腿中的两条。因此,每头牛恰好贡献 条额外腿中的两条。所以牛的数量为
因此,正确答案是 B。
Counting two legs for every head accounts for both legs of each chicken and two of each cow’s four legs. Thus every cow contributes exactly two of the extra legs. Hence the number of cows is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
7.
方程 的两个根互为倒数的条件是:
The roots of the equation will be reciprocal if:
答案:C
小提示:
若两个根为 和 ,则互为倒数的根满足
If the roots are and reciprocal roots satisfy
大提示:
使用韦达定理
Use Vieta’s formula
解答:
由韦达定理,两根之积为 。互为倒数的两根乘积为 ,所以 这要求 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
By Vieta’s formulas, the product of the two roots is Reciprocal roots have product so which requires
Thus, the correct answer is C.
8.
若 ,则当 时,
If then, when
答案:B
小提示:
将 代入 的指数
Substitute into the exponent on
大提示:
将 写成
Write as
解答:
当 时,右边为 。因此 所以 ,且 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
When the right side is Therefore so and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
9.
化简 ;结果为:
Simplify the result is:
答案:D
小提示:
将每个 次根改写为指数
Replace each th root by an exponent of
大提示:
每个括号内底数的指数为
Each bracket has exponent
解答:
对两个因式中的每一个,嵌套根式和外部四次方将 的指数乘以 因此每个因式都是 ,两者之积为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
For each of the two factors, the nested roots and outer fourth power multiply the exponent of by Thus each factor is and their product is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
10.
一个半径为 英寸的圆以等边三角形 的顶点 为圆心,并经过另外两个顶点。边 经过 延长后与圆交于 。角 的度数为:
A circle of radius inches has its center at the vertex of an equilateral triangle and passes through the other two vertices. The side extended through intersects the circle at The number of degrees of angle is:
答案:B
小提示:
半径 与 构成 的圆心角
The radii and form a central angle
大提示:
角 是所对弧为小弧 的圆周角
Angle is an inscribed angle intercepting the minor arc
解答:
由于 是等边三角形,圆心角 为 。圆周角 所对的是同一条小弧 ,所以其度数为圆心角的一半:
因此,正确答案是 B。
Since is equilateral, the central angle is The inscribed angle intercepts the same minor arc so its measure is half the central angle:
Thus, the correct answer is B.
11.
表达式 等于:
The expression equals:
答案:A
小提示:
将两个分式项通分到分母
Combine the two fractional terms over
大提示:
两个共轭分母的乘积为
The product of the conjugate denominators is
解答:
合并两个分式项,再加上开头的 ,得 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Combining the fractional terms, Adding the initial gives
Thus, the correct answer is A.
12.
除以 的商为:
If is divided by the quotient is:
答案:E
小提示:
将 改写为
Rewrite as
大提示:
利用 因式分解
Factor
解答:
在商有定义的地方,
因此,正确答案是 E。
Where the quotient is defined,
Thus, the correct answer is E.
13.
给定两个正整数 和 ,且 。 比 小的百分比为:
Given two positive integers and with The percent that is less than is:
答案:C
小提示:
比较小的数量为
The amount by which is smaller is
大提示:
因为是与 比较,所以用 作分母
Because the comparison is to use as the denominator
解答:
两数之差为 。以参照值 的比例表示,就是 。乘以 将此分数化为百分比:
因此,正确答案是 C。
The difference is Measured as a fraction of the reference value this is Multiplying by converts the fraction to a percent:
Thus, the correct answer is C.
14.
点 、 和 位于圆 上。圆在 点处的切线与割线 交于 ,且 位于 与 之间。若 且 ,则 等于:
The points and are on a circle The tangent line at and the secant intersect at lying between and If and then equals:
答案:B
小提示:
使用
Use
大提示:
若 ,则
If then
解答:
设 。由于 位于 与 之间,所以 。由切割线定理,因此 ,即 。长度为正,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let Since lies between and we have The tangent-secant theorem gives Thus or A length is positive, so
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
15.
方程 的根为:
The root(s) of is (are):
和
and
仅
only
和
and
仅
only
答案:A
小提示:
原方程要求
The original equation requires
大提示:
两边同乘 ,再合并同类项
Multiply through by and collect terms
解答:
当 时,两边乘以 ,得 因此 ,所以 和 都满足定义域限制。
因此,正确答案是 A。
For multiplying by gives Hence so Both and satisfy the domain restriction.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
16.
三个数的和为 。第一个数与第二个数之比为 ,第二个数与第三个数之比为 。第二个数为:
The sum of three numbers is The ratio of the first to the second is and the ratio of the second to the third is The second number is:
答案:C
小提示:
选择共同的倍数,使三个数之比为
Choose a common scaling so the three numbers have ratio
大提示:
这些比值份数之和为
Those ratio parts add to
解答:
第一个数与第二个数之比 ,以及第二个数与第三个数之比 ,合并后可得三个数之比为 。 份共等于 ,所以每份为 。第二个数为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The first-to-second ratio and second-to-third ratio combine to give the three-number ratio The total parts equal so each part is The second number is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
分式 是由分式 与 相加得到的。 和 的值依次必须为:
The fraction was obtained by adding the two fractions and The values of and must be, respectively:
,
,
,
,
,
答案:D
小提示:
因式分解
Factor
大提示:
合并两个分式后,在 中比较系数
After combining the two fractions, match coefficients in
解答:
合并给出的部分分式,得 将其分子与 比较,得 解得 ,且 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Combining the proposed partial fractions gives Matching its numerator with yields Solving gives and
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
若 ,则 等于:
If then equals:
答案:E
小提示:
将 写成
Write as
大提示:
为正数
The quantity is positive
解答:
我们有 由于 为正数,所以 。取倒数得 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
We have Since is positive, Taking the reciprocal gives
Thus, the correct answer is E.
19.
两根等高的蜡烛同时点燃。第一根在 小时内烧完,第二根在 小时内烧完。假设每根蜡烛都以恒定速度燃烧,点燃多少小时后,第一根蜡烛的高度是第二根的两倍?
Two candles of the same height are lighted at the same time. The first is consumed in hours and the second in hours. Assuming that each candle burns at a constant rate, in how many hours after being lighted was the first candle twice the height of the second?
小时
hr.
小时
hr.
小时
hr.
小时
hr.
小时
hr.
答案:D
小提示:
将两根蜡烛的共同初始高度设为
Scale the common initial height to
大提示:
小时后,剩余高度的比例为 和
After hours the remaining fractions are and
解答:
设每根蜡烛的初始高度为 。 小时后,剩余高度分别为 和 。所需条件为 两边乘以 ,得 ,所以 ,且 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let each initial height be After hours the remaining heights are and The required condition is Multiplying by gives so and
Thus, the correct answer is D.
20.
若 且 ,则 精确到十分位的值为:
If and then the value of to the nearest tenth is:
答案:C
小提示:
等式两边取常用对数
Take common logarithms of both sides
大提示:
使用
Use
解答:
两边取常用对数,得 由于 , 精确到十分位为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Taking common logarithms gives Since To the nearest tenth, this is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
21.
若两条相交直线都与一条双曲线相交,且都不与该双曲线相切,则它们与双曲线的交点数可能为:
If each of two intersecting lines intersects a hyperbola and neither line is tangent to the hyperbola, then the possible number of points of intersection with the hyperbola is:
或
or
或
or
或
or
、 或
or
答案:E
小提示:
一条与双曲线相交但不相切的直线,可能有一个或两个交点
A non-tangent line that intersects a hyperbola can meet it in either one or two points
大提示:
由于两条直线本身相交,它们可能共用双曲线上的一个交点
The two lines may share one hyperbola point, since the lines themselves intersect
解答:
当直线方向平行于一条渐近线时,它可以与双曲线有一个有限交点;否则可以有两个有限交点。适当选取两条直线,使它们在双曲线上的有限交点互不重合,便可分别得到 、 或 个不同交点。若两条直线自身的交点恰好在双曲线上,则这个交点只计一次。
因此,、 或 都有可能,正确答案是 E。
A line can meet a hyperbola in either one finite point, when its direction is parallel to an asymptote, or two finite points. By choosing the two lines so that their finite intersection sets on the hyperbola are disjoint, they can therefore contribute or distinct intersections. If their own intersection lies on the hyperbola, one point is shared instead.
Thus, or are possible, and the correct answer is E.
22.
琼斯第一次旅行走了 英里。后来一次旅行中,他以原来三倍的速度走了 英里。新旅行时间与原旅行时间相比是:
Jones covered a distance of miles on his first trip. On a later trip he traveled miles while going three times as fast. His new time compared with the old time was:
三倍
three times as much
两倍
twice as much
相同
the same
一半
half as much
三分之一
a third as much
答案:B
小提示:
将每次旅行时间写成路程除以速度
Write each travel time as distance divided by speed
大提示:
若原速度为 ,比较 与
If the old speed is compare with
解答:
若第一次的速度为 ,则原旅行时间为 。后一次的旅行时间为 因此,新旅行时间是原来的两倍。
正确答案是 B。
If the first speed was the old time was The later time was Thus the new time was twice the old time.
The correct answer is B.
23.
方程 中, 和 为实常数,且已知判别式为零。它的根必定:
About the equation with and real constants, we are told that the discriminant is zero. The roots are necessarily:
相等且为整数
equal and integral
相等且为有理数
equal and rational
相等且为实数
equal and real
相等且为无理数
equal and irrational
相等且为虚数
equal and imaginary
答案:C
小提示:
判别式为零使求根公式所得的两个值重合
A zero discriminant makes the two quadratic-formula values coincide
大提示:
重根为
The repeated root is
解答:
实系数且判别式为零的二次方程有重根 由于 是非零实数,此根为实数。它不一定总是有理数,也不一定总是无理数。
因此,两根必定相等且为实数,正确答案是 C。
A quadratic with real coefficients and discriminant zero has the repeated root Since is a nonzero real number, this root is real. It need not always be rational or always be irrational.
Thus, the roots are necessarily equal and real, so the correct answer is C.
24.
图中,,角 ,且 。则角 等于:
In the figure angle and Then angle equals:
答案:D
小提示:
设 ,利用等腰三角形 表示 点处的底角
Let and express the base angle at using isosceles triangle
大提示:
利用 表示 ,再分解 点处的平角
Use to express then split the straight angle at
解答:
设 。由于 且 , 在三角形 中,,所以 。由于 ,
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let Since and Triangle gives so Since
Thus, the correct answer is D.
25.
当 取从 到 的整数值时,所有形如 的数之和为:
The sum of all numbers of the form where takes on integral values from to is:
答案:C
小提示:
将 拆成两个和
Separate into two sums
大提示:
使用
Use
解答:
计算得
因此,正确答案是 C。
We compute
Thus, the correct answer is C.
26.
下列哪一组已知条件不能唯一确定所指三角形?
Which one of the following combinations of given parts does not determine the indicated triangle?
底角和顶角;等腰三角形
base angle and vertex angle; isosceles triangle
顶角和底边;等腰三角形
vertex angle and the base; isosceles triangle
外接圆半径;等边三角形
the radius of the circumscribed circle; equilateral triangle
一条直角边和内切圆半径;直角三角形
one arm and the radius of the inscribed circle; right triangle
两个角及其中一个角的对边;不等边三角形
two angles and a side opposite one of them; scalene triangle
答案:A
小提示:
判断每组信息是否同时确定大小和形状
Ask whether each set of information fixes scale as well as shape
大提示:
若没有给出任何长度,两个角只能确定一类相似三角形
Two angles determine only a similarity class unless some length is also supplied
解答:
在等腰三角形中,一个底角和顶角可以确定三个角,但没有指定任何边长。因此,任意大小的相似三角形都满足同样的已知条件,三角形不能唯一确定。其余每个选项都直接给出或通过半径给出了足够的长度信息,可以同时确定大小和形状。
因此,正确答案是 A。
In an isosceles triangle, a base angle and the vertex angle determine all three angles, but no side length is specified. Therefore triangles of every scale have the same given data, so the triangle is not determined. Each other choice includes enough length information, directly or through a radius, to fix the scale as well as the shape.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
27.
若三角形的一个角保持不变,而该角的两条夹边都加倍,则面积变为原来的:
If an angle of a triangle remains unchanged but each of its two including sides is doubled, then the area is multiplied by:
大于 倍
more than
答案:C
小提示:
使用由两边及其夹角求面积的公式
Use the area formula for two sides and their included angle
大提示:
两条边都加倍,会使它们的乘积乘以
Doubling both side factors multiplies their product by
解答:
若两条夹边为 和 ,保持不变的夹角为 ,则原面积为 。两条边都加倍后,面积为
因此,正确答案是 C。
If the included sides are and and their unchanged angle is the original area is After both sides are doubled, the area is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
28.
J 先生将全部遗产留给妻子、女儿、儿子和厨师。女儿与儿子分得遗产的一半,二人所得之比为 比 。妻子所得是儿子的两倍。若厨师得到 ,则全部遗产为:
Mr. J left his entire estate to his wife, his daughter, his son, and the cook. His daughter and son got half the estate, sharing in the ratio of to His wife got twice as much as the son. If the cook received a bequest of then the entire estate was:
答案:D
小提示:
设女儿和儿子所得分别为 和
Let the daughter’s and son’s shares be and
大提示:
他们的 是遗产的一半,另一半等于妻子的 加
Their is half the estate, while the other half is the wife’s plus
解答:
设女儿得到 ,儿子得到 。两人共得到 ,即遗产的一半。妻子得到 ,所以由另一半可得 因此 ,全部遗产为 美元。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let the daughter receive and the son Together they receive which is half the estate. The wife receives so the other half gives Thus and the whole estate is dollars.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
29.
依次连接 与 的各交点。所得图形为:
The points of intersection of and are joined in succession. The resulting figure is:
一条直线
a straight line
一个等边三角形
an equilateral triangle
一个平行四边形
a parallelogram
一个矩形
a rectangle
一个正方形
a square
答案:D
小提示:
使用 求 的可能值
Use to find the possible sums
大提示:
四个交点是 的坐标交换及其相反数
The four intersection points are permutations and negatives of
解答:
在交点处,所以 。再结合 ,得到四个点 按它们在圆周上的顺序连接,相邻边向量互相垂直,所以四边形是矩形。相邻边长不相等,因此它不是正方形。
因此,正确答案是 D。
At an intersection, so Together with this gives the four points In their cyclic order around the circle, adjacent side vectors are perpendicular, so the quadrilateral is a rectangle. Its adjacent side lengths are unequal, so it is not a square.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
30.
若等边三角形的高为 ,则其面积为:
If the altitude of an equilateral triangle is then the area is:
31.
我们的计数系统以十为底。若把底数改为四,计数如下:、、、、、、、、、、、、 第二十个数为:
In our number system the base is ten. If the base were changed to four you would count as follows: The twentieth number would be:
答案:E
小提示:
第二十个正整数表示通常的数值
The twentieth positive number represents the ordinary value
大提示:
将 连续除以 ,或用 、、 这些位值表示它
Divide successively by or express it using the place values and
解答:
第二十个正整数的通常数值为 。由于 它的四进制表示为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The twentieth positive integer has ordinary value Since its base-four representation is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
32.
乔治和亨利从游泳池的两端同时开始比赛。一分半后,他们在泳池中央相遇。若两人转身都不耽搁,并各自保持原来的速度,那么从出发起多少分钟后他们会第二次相遇?
George and Henry started a race from opposite ends of the pool. After a minute and a half, they passed each other in the center of the pool. If they lost no time in turning and maintained their respective speeds, how many minutes after starting did they pass each other the second time?
答案:B
小提示:
第一次在中央相遇,说明两名游泳者的速度相同
Meeting at the center means the two swimmers have equal speeds
大提示:
他们在 分钟时分别到达对岸,转身后各自还要游半个泳池的长度
They reach the opposite ends at minutes, turn, and need another half-pool each
解答:
因为他们从两端同时出发并在中央第一次相遇,所以两人的速度相同。每个人都在 分钟后到达对岸。他们立即转身,各自再用 分钟回到中央并再次相遇。第二次相遇发生在出发 分钟后。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Because they started simultaneously from opposite ends and first met at the center, their speeds are equal. Each reaches the opposite end after minutes. They turn immediately, and each then needs another minutes to return to the center, where they meet again. The second meeting occurs after minutes.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
33.
数 等于:
The number is equal to:
一个有理分数
a rational fraction
一个有限小数
a finite decimal
一个无限循环小数
an infinite repeating decimal
一个无限不循环小数
an infinite non-repeating decimal
答案:E
小提示:
回想每个有理数的小数展开具有什么形式
Recall what kind of decimal expansion every rational number has
大提示:
数 是无理数,所以它的小数展开既不终止也不循环
The number is irrational, so its decimal neither terminates nor repeats
解答:
数 是无理数。有理数的小数展开要么终止,要么最终循环,而无理数的小数展开则是无限不循环的。有限小数 只是一个近似值。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The number is irrational. A rational number has a decimal expansion that either terminates or eventually repeats, whereas an irrational number has an infinite non-repeating decimal expansion. The finite decimal is only an approximation.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
34.
若 是任意非负整数,则 一定能被下列哪个数整除?
If is any whole number, is always divisible by:
的任意倍数
any multiple of
和
and
答案:A
小提示:
将这个式子因式分解为
Factor the expression as
大提示:
三个连续整数中必有一个是 的倍数,而这些因子中至少含有两个因子
Among three consecutive integers there is a multiple of and the factors supply at least two powers of
解答:
我们有 在 、、 中,有一个能被 整除。若 为偶数,则 能被 整除;若 为奇数,则 和 都是偶数,所以它们的乘积能被 整除。因此,这个式子一定能被 整除。它不一定能被 整除,因为 时式子的值为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
We have Among and one is divisible by If is even, is divisible by if is odd, both and are even, so their product is divisible by Thus the expression is always divisible by It is not always divisible by since gives
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
35.
一个菱形由某圆的两条半径和两条弦组成,该圆的半径为 英尺。这个菱形的面积为多少平方英尺?
A rhombus is formed by two radii and two chords of a circle whose radius is feet. The area of the rhombus in square feet is:
答案:B
小提示:
菱形的每条边长都是 ,所以每条弦都等于半径
Every side of the rhombus has length so each chord equals the radius
大提示:
长度等于半径的弦所对的圆心角为 ;使用公式
A chord equal to the radius subtends a central angle; use
解答:
菱形的四条边都等于圆的半径 。一条长度等于半径的弦与连接其两个端点的两条半径组成等边三角形,所以所夹的圆心角为 。因此,菱形的面积为
因此,正确答案是 B。
All four sides of the rhombus equal the circle’s radius, A chord of length equal to the radius forms an equilateral triangle with the two radii to its endpoints, so the included central angle is Therefore the rhombus has area
Thus, the correct answer is B.
36.
若和 是完全平方数 ,且 小于 ,则 的可能值为:
If the sum is a perfect square and if is less than then the possible values for are:
只有
only
和
and
只有
only
和
and
、 和
and
答案:E
小提示:
将 改写为
Rewrite as
大提示:
将 依次乘以 来生成正整数解,并在 时停止
Generate successive positive solutions by multiplying by stopping when
解答:
题设条件为 即 这个佩尔方程的正整数解由基本解 生成。最前面的几组 为 因此,满足 的值为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The condition is or The positive solutions of this Pell equation are generated from the fundamental solution Their first pairs are Thus the values with are
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
37.
一幅地图的比例尺为一英寸半表示 英里。图上某庄园呈一个含有 角的菱形, 角所对的对角线长为 英寸。该庄园的实际面积为多少平方英里?
On a map whose scale is miles to an inch and a half, a certain estate is represented by a rhombus having a angle. The diagonal opposite is in. The area of the estate in square miles is:
答案:E
小提示:
在含有 角的菱形中,较短的对角线等于边长
In a rhombus, the shorter diagonal equals the side length
大提示:
比例尺为每英寸 英里,所以先把 英寸的边长换算为实际长度,再求面积
The scale is miles per inch, so convert the -inch side before finding area
解答:
角所对的对角线把菱形分成两个等边三角形,所以它的长度等于菱形的边长。地图的比例尺为每英寸 英里,因此实际边长为 英里。所以菱形的面积为
因此,正确答案是 E。
The diagonal opposite the angle divides the rhombus into two equilateral triangles, so its length equals the rhombus side. The map scale is miles per inch, hence the actual side length is miles. Therefore the rhombus area is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
38.
在一个两条直角边为 和 、斜边为 的直角三角形中,斜边上的高为 ,则:
In a right triangle with sides and and hypotenuse the altitude drawn on the hypotenuse is Then:
答案:D
小提示:
分别用两条直角边以及斜边与斜边上的高来计算三角形面积
Compute the triangle’s area using either the legs or the hypotenuse and its altitude
大提示:
从 出发,代入 ,再除以
From substitute and divide by
解答:
令两种面积公式相等,得到 所以 。两边平方并利用 ,得到 两边除以 ,得到
因此,正确答案是 D。
Equating two area formulas gives so Squaring and using yields Dividing by gives
Thus, the correct answer is D.
39.
一个直角三角形的斜边 与一条直角边 是相邻整数。另一条直角边的平方为:
The hypotenuse and one arm of a right triangle are consecutive integers. The square of the second arm is:
以上都不是
none of these
答案:C
小提示:
若另一条直角边为 ,则
If the second arm is then
大提示:
将平方差因式分解,并利用
Factor the difference of squares and use
解答:
由勾股定理,因为 与 是相邻整数且 ,所以 。因此 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
By the Pythagorean theorem, Since and are consecutive and we have Hence
Thus, the correct answer is C.
40.
若 且 ,则 等于:
If and then equals:
答案:A
小提示:
用第一个方程中的关系替换第二个方程里的
Use the first equation to replace in the second
大提示:
写出 后提取公因式
Factor after writing
解答:
由第一个方程可知 。因此 解得 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
From the first equation, Therefore Solving gives
Thus, the correct answer is A.
41.
在 的条件下,方程 对下列哪种变量取值成立?
The equation where is satisfied by:
不存在这样的
no value of
所有
all values of
只有
only
所有整数 ,且仅限于此
all integral values of only
所有有理数 ,且仅限于此
all rational values of only
答案:C
小提示:
展开前先在等式两边代入
Substitute on both sides before expanding
大提示:
项和常数项会相消
The and constant terms cancel
解答:
代入 ,得到 消去两边相同的二次项和常数项后,剩下 ,所以 。这个值满足两个方程。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Substituting gives Cancelling the common quadratic and constant terms leaves so This value satisfies both equations.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
42.
方程 有:
The equation has:
无根
no root
一个实根
one real root
一个实根和一个虚根
one real root and one imaginary root
两个虚根
two imaginary roots
两个实根
two real roots
答案:A
小提示:
要使平方根为实数,定义域要求
For real square roots the domain requires
大提示:
在该定义域内,直接比较 与
On that domain, compare directly with
解答:
要有实数解,必须满足 。此时 ,所以 因此 ,不可能等于零。原方程是实数范围内的根式方程,所以非实数根不在其定义域内。
正确答案是 A。
For a real solution, Then so Consequently and it cannot equal zero. The original equation is a real radical expression, so nonreal roots are outside its domain.
The correct answer is A.
43.
三边长均为整数且周长小于 的不等边三角形共有:
The number of scalene triangles having all sides of integral lengths, and perimeter less than is:
答案:C
小提示:
将互不相同的整数边长按 排列,并利用
Order the distinct integer sides as and use
大提示:
按最大边逐一列出可能;周长限制使 只能取较小的值
List possibilities by the largest side; the perimeter bound leaves only small values of
解答:
将互不相同的整数边长按递增顺序排列。在三角形不等式和周长限制下检查较小的可能,得到 当 时,满足 的最小新不等边候选为 ,其周长已经是 ,更大的选择都不合要求。因此共有 个三角形。
正确答案是 C。
Write the distinct integer sides in increasing order. Checking the small possibilities under the triangle inequality and perimeter bound gives For the smallest new scalene candidate satisfying is whose perimeter is already and larger choices cannot qualify. Thus there are triangles.
The correct answer is C.
44.
若 表示 和 满足 小于 ,且 小于零,则:
If means that and are numbers such that is less than and is less than zero, then:
,但
but
,但
but
答案:B
小提示:
两个数都是负数,但 的绝对值较大
Both numbers are negative, but has the larger absolute value
大提示:
将 分别乘以 和 ,每次都要反转不等号
Multiply once by and once by reversing each inequality
解答:
因为 ,将 乘以负数 时不等号反向,得到 。将同一个不等式乘以负数 ,得到 。因此
因此,正确答案是 B。
Since multiplying by the negative number reverses the inequality and gives Multiplying the same inequality by the negative number gives Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is B.
45.
一个装有橡胶轮胎的车轮外径为 英寸。当半径减少四分之一英寸后,行驶一英里所转的圈数将:
A wheel with a rubber tire has an outside diameter of in. When the radius has been decreased a quarter of an inch, the number of revolutions in one mile will:
增加约
be increased about
增加约
be increased about
增加约
be increased about
增加
be increased
保持不变
remain the same
答案:A
小提示:
距离固定时,转数与车轮半径成反比
For a fixed distance, the revolution count is inversely proportional to the wheel’s radius
大提示:
比较原半径 与新半径
Compare the original radius with the new radius
解答:
原半径为 英寸,新半径为 英寸。对于固定距离,转数与半径成反比,所以相对增幅为 这约为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The original radius is inches and the new radius is inches. For a fixed distance, the number of revolutions varies inversely with radius, so the relative increase is This is about
Thus, the correct answer is A.
46.
要使方程 在 为正数时成立, 可以取:
For the equation to be true where is positive, can have:
任意小于 的正数
any positive value less than
任意小于 的数
any value less than
只能取零
the value zero only
任意非负数
any non-negative value
任意数
any value
答案:A
小提示:
交叉相乘,并用 表示
Cross-multiply and solve for in terms of
大提示:
方程化为 ;再由这个关系解出
The equation reduces to also solve this relation for
解答:
交叉相乘得到 所以 ,并且 每个正数 都给出 。反过来,对任意 ,有 因此存在这样的 。
因此, 可以是任意小于 的正数,正确答案是 A。
Cross-multiplication gives so and Every positive gives Conversely, for any so such an exists.
Thus, may be any positive value less than and the correct answer is A.
47.
一位工程师说,凭现有的某种机器,他可以在 天内完成一段公路工程。然而,若再增加 台同类机器,工程可在 天内完成。若所有机器的工作效率相同,一台机器单独完成这项工程需要多少天?
An engineer said he could finish a highway section in days with his present supply of a certain type of machine. However, with more of these machines the job could be done in days. If the machines all work at the same rate, how many days would it take to do the job with one machine?
答案:D
小提示:
设现有机器数为 ,并用“机器·天”表示工作量
Let be the present number of machines and measure work in machine-days
大提示:
令 等于
Equate with
解答:
若现有 台机器,则这项工程需要 个机器·天。增加三台机器后,需要 个机器·天,所以 解得 。因此,这项工程需要 个机器·天,一台机器单独完成需要 天。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If there are presently machines, the job requires machine-days. With three more machines it requires machine-days, so giving The job therefore requires machine-days, so one machine would take days.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
48.
若 为正整数,则 为正整数,当且仅当 为:
If is a positive integer, then can be a positive integer, if and only if is:
至少为
at least
等于 、、 或
equal to or
不大于
no more than
等于
equal to
等于 或
equal to or
答案:B
小提示:
令 ;正性要求 为正奇数
Let positivity forces to be a positive odd integer
大提示:
将该商改写为 ,于是 必须是 的正因数
Rewrite the quotient as so must be a positive divisor of
解答:
令 。商为正数要求 ,而 是奇数。由于 ,所以 必须是 的正因数。四种可能 、、、 分别给出 、、、,且每个都符合。不存在其他符合条件的正整数 。
因此,数学上正确的集合是 ,即调整后的选项 B。
Set A positive quotient requires and is odd. Since Thus must be a positive divisor of The possibilities and give and respectively, and each works. No other positive integer works.
Therefore the mathematically correct set is shown in the adjusted choice B.
49.
三角形 由圆 的三条切线围成,且 ;则角 等于:
Triangle is formed by three tangents to circle and then angle equals:
答案:E
小提示:
该圆与三角形 的一条边以及另外两条边的延长线相切,所以 是 所对的旁心
The circle is tangent to one side of triangle and the extensions of the other two, so is the excenter opposite
大提示:
与 处的外角平分线所成的角为
The external angle bisectors at and form an angle of
解答:
圆位于边 的另一侧,与顶点 相对,所以 是 所对的旁心。因此, 和 分别平分 与 处的外角。若 与 处的内角分别为 和 ,则三角形 在 与 处的角分别为 和 。因此
因此,正确答案是 E。
The circle lies opposite across side so is the excenter opposite Thus and bisect the exterior angles at and If the interior angles at and are and then triangle has angles and at and Hence
Thus, the correct answer is E.
50.
在三角形 中,。以 为边,在三角形外部作正方形 。若角 的度数为 ,则
In triangle On square is constructed away from the triangle. If is the number of degrees in angle then
取决于三角形
depends upon triangle
与该三角形无关
is independent of the triangle
可能等于角
may equal angle
绝不可能等于角
can never equal angle
大于 但小于
is greater than but less than
答案:B
小提示:
将 缩放为 ,并令 、、
Scale to and place
大提示:
因正方形在三角形外部,取 ,并比较向量 与
Because the square is outside the triangle, take and compare vectors and
解答:
将两条相等的边缩放为 ,并令 因为正方形 作在三角形外部,所以 。令 且 。则 两个向量的点积为 ,二维叉积的绝对值也为 。因此 所以 ,它与 无关,因而也与三角形的形状无关。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Scale the equal sides to and place Since square is constructed away from the triangle, Put and Then Their dot product is while the absolute value of their two-dimensional cross product is also Therefore so independent of and hence independent of the triangle’s shape.
Thus, the correct answer is B.