1956 AMC 12 第 50 题

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50.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,CA=CBCA=CB。以 CBCB 为边,在三角形外部作正方形 BCDEBCDE。若角 DABDAB 的度数为 xx,则

In triangle ABC,ABC, CA=CB.CA=CB. On CBCB square BCDEBCDE is constructed away from the triangle. If xx is the number of degrees in angle DAB,DAB, then

xx 取决于三角形 ABCABC

xx depends upon triangle ABCABC

xx 与该三角形无关

xx is independent of the triangle

xx 可能等于角 CADCAD

xx may equal angle CADCAD

xx 绝不可能等于角 CABCAB

xx can never equal angle CABCAB

xx 大于 4545^\circ 但小于 9090^\circ

xx is greater than 4545^\circ but less than 9090^\circ

答案:B
知识点:等腰三角形square construction坐标几何
难度评级:2070
小提示:

CA=CBCA=CB 缩放为 11,并令 C=(0,0)C=(0,0)B=(1,0)B=(1,0)A=(cosθ,sinθ)A=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta)

Scale CA=CBCA=CB to 1,1, and place C=(0,0),C=(0,0), B=(1,0),B=(1,0), A=(cosθ,sinθ)A=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta)

大提示:

因正方形在三角形外部,取 D=(0,1)D=(0,-1),并比较向量 AB\overrightarrow{AB}AD\overrightarrow{AD}

Because the square is outside the triangle, take D=(0,1)D=(0,-1) and compare vectors AB\overrightarrow{AB} and AD\overrightarrow{AD}

解答:

将两条相等的边缩放为 11,并令 C=(0,0),B=(1,0),A=(cosθ,sinθ) \begin{aligned} C&=(0,0),\qquad B=(1,0),\\ A&=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta) \end{aligned}\text{。}因为正方形 BCDEBCDE 作在三角形外部,所以 D=(0,1)D=(0,-1)。令 c=cosθc=\cos\thetas=sinθs=\sin\theta。则 AB=(1c,s),AD=(c,1s) \begin{aligned} \overrightarrow{AB}&=(1-c,-s),\\ \overrightarrow{AD}&=(-c,-1-s) \end{aligned}\text{。}两个向量的点积为 1+sc1+s-c,二维叉积的绝对值也为 1+sc1+s-c。因此 tanDAB=1 \tan\angle DAB=1\text{,}所以 DAB=45\angle DAB=45^\circ,它与 θ\theta 无关,因而也与三角形的形状无关。

因此,正确答案是 B

Scale the equal sides to 11 and place C=(0,0),B=(1,0),A=(cosθ,sinθ). \begin{aligned} C&=(0,0),\qquad B=(1,0),\\ A&=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta). \end{aligned} Since square BCDEBCDE is constructed away from the triangle, D=(0,1).D=(0,-1). Put c=cosθc=\cos\theta and s=sinθ.s=\sin\theta. Then AB=(1c,s),AD=(c,1s). \begin{aligned} \overrightarrow{AB}&=(1-c,-s),\\ \overrightarrow{AD}&=(-c,-1-s). \end{aligned} Their dot product is 1+sc,1+s-c, while the absolute value of their two-dimensional cross product is also 1+sc.1+s-c. Therefore tanDAB=1, \tan\angle DAB=1, so DAB=45,\angle DAB=45^\circ, independent of θ\theta and hence independent of the triangle’s shape.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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