1958 AMC 12 第 50 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

50.

图中给出了一种将线段 ABAB 上所有点与线段 ABA'B' 上各点互相对应的方法。为解析描述这种对应,设 xxABAB 上一点 PPDD 的距离,yyABA'B' 上对应点 PP'DD' 的距离。对任意一对对应点,若 x=ax=a,则 x+yx+y 等于:

In this diagram a scheme is indicated for associating all the points of segment ABAB with those of segment AB,A'B', and reciprocally. To describe this association scheme analytically, let xx be the distance from a point PP on ABAB to DD and let yy be the distance from the associated point PP' of ABA'B' to D.D'. Then for any pair of associated points, if x=a,x=a, x+yx+y equals:

13a13a

17a5117a-51

173a17-3a

173a4\dfrac{17-3a}{4}

12a3412a-34

答案:C
知识点:相似一次方程变换
难度评级:1830
小提示:

图中的透视线使 x=3x=3 对应 y=5y=5,并使 x=4x=4 对应 y=1y=1

The perspective lines in the diagram associate x=3x=3 with y=5y=5 and x=4x=4 with y=1y=1

大提示:

由于两条标有数字的线段平行,xxyy 之间的对应关系是线性的

Because the two numbered segments are parallel, the induced relation between xx and yy is linear

解答:

两条标有数字的线段平行,因此经过固定交点的投影给出 xxyy 的线性关系。图示端点对应为 (x,y)=(3,5)(x,y)=(3,5)(x,y)=(4,1)(x,y)=(4,1)。斜率为 1543=4\frac{1-5}{4-3}=-4,所以 y=4x+17y=-4x+17。若 x=ax=a,则 x+y=a+(4a+17)=173a \begin{aligned} x+y &=a+(-4a+17)\\ &=17-3a \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案为 C

The two numbered segments are parallel, so projection through the fixed intersection point gives a linear relation between xx and y.y. The endpoint associations shown are (x,y)=(3,5)(x,y)=(3,5) and (x,y)=(4,1).(x,y)=(4,1). The slope is 1543=4,\frac{1-5}{4-3}=-4, so y=4x+17.y=-4x+17. If x=a,x=a, then x+y=a+(4a+17)=173a. \begin{aligned} x+y &=a+(-4a+17)\\ &=17-3a. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

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