1956 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

x=2x=2 时,x+x(xx)x+x(x^x) 的值为:

The value of x+x(xx)x+x(x^x) when x=2x=2 is:

1010

1616

1818

3636

6464

知识点:exponents运算顺序换元法
难度评级:800
小提示:

在做乘法之前,先计算幂 xxx^x

Evaluate the exponent xxx^x before doing the multiplication

大提示:

x=2x=2 时,第二项为 2(22)2(2^2)

At x=2,x=2, the second term is 2(22)2(2^2)

解答:

代入 x=2x=2,并先计算幂,得 x+x(xx)=2+2(22)=2+8=10 \begin{aligned} x+x(x^x)&=2+2(2^2)\\ &=2+8=10 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Substituting x=2,x=2, and evaluating the exponent first, gives x+x(xx)=2+2(22)=2+8=10. \begin{aligned} x+x(x^x)&=2+2(2^2)\\ &=2+8=10. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

2.

琼斯先生以每根 $1.20\$1.20 的价格卖出两根烟斗。按成本计算,其中一根获利 20%20\%,另一根亏损 20%20\%。在这笔交易中,他:

Mr. Jones sold two pipes at $1.20\$1.20 each. Based on the cost his profit on one was 20%20\% and his loss on the other was 20%.20\%. On the sale of the pipes, he:

收支相抵

broke even

亏损 44¢

lost 44¢

获利 44¢

gained 44¢

亏损 1010¢

lost 1010¢

获利 1010¢

gained 1010¢

难度评级:1340
小提示:

将售价除以 1.21.20.80.8,求出各自的成本

Recover each cost by dividing the sale price by 1.21.2 or 0.80.8

大提示:

将总成本与总售价 $2.40\$2.40 比较

Compare the combined cost with the combined selling price of $2.40\$2.40

解答:

获利 20%20\% 的烟斗成本为 $1.201.20=$1.00 \frac{\$1.20}{1.20}=\$1.00\text{,}而亏损 20%20\% 的烟斗成本为 $1.200.80=$1.50 \frac{\$1.20}{0.80}=\$1.50\text{。}两根烟斗的总成本为 $2.50\$2.50,但总售价为 $2.40\$2.40,所以琼斯先生亏损 1010 美分。

因此,正确答案是 D

The pipe sold at a 20%20\% profit cost $1.201.20=$1.00, \frac{\$1.20}{1.20}=\$1.00, while the pipe sold at a 20%20\% loss cost $1.200.80=$1.50. \frac{\$1.20}{0.80}=\$1.50. Their combined cost was $2.50,\$2.50, but they sold for $2.40,\$2.40, so Mr. Jones lost 1010 cents.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

3.

光在一年中传播的距离约为 5,870,000,000,0005{,}870{,}000{,}000{,}000 英里。光在 100100 年中传播的距离为:

The distance light travels in one year is approximately 5,870,000,000,0005{,}870{,}000{,}000{,}000 miles. The distance light travels in 100100 years is:

587×108587\times10^8 英里

587×108587\times10^8 miles

587×1010587\times10^{10} 英里

587×1010587\times10^{10} miles

587×1010587\times10^{-10} 英里

587×1010587\times10^{-10} miles

587×1012587\times10^{12} 英里

587×1012587\times10^{12} miles

587×1012587\times10^{-12} 英里

587×1012587\times10^{-12} miles

难度评级:950
小提示:

乘以 100100 会使小数点向右移动两位

Multiplying by 100100 moves the decimal point two places to the right

大提示:

将给定距离改写为 587×1010587\times10^{10}

Rewrite the given distance as 587×1010587\times10^{10}

解答:

给定距离为 587×1010587\times10^{10} 英里。乘以 100=102100=10^2,得 (587×1010)102=587×1012 (587\times10^{10})10^2=587\times10^{12} 英里。

因此,正确答案是 D

The given distance is 587×1010587\times10^{10} miles. Multiplying by 100=102100=10^2 gives (587×1010)102=587×1012 (587\times10^{10})10^2=587\times10^{12} miles.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

4.

一名男子有 $10,000\$10{,}000 可供投资。他将 $4,000\$4{,}0005%5\% 的利率投资,又将 $3,500\$3{,}5004%4\% 的利率投资。为了获得每年 $500\$500 的收入,他必须将余款按下列利率投资:

A man has $10,000\$10{,}000 to invest. He invests $4,000\$4{,}000 at 5%5\% and $3,500\$3{,}500 at 4%.4\%. In order to have a yearly income of $500,\$500, he must invest the remainder at:

6%6\%

6.1%6.1\%

6.2%6.2\%

6.3%6.3\%

6.4%6.4\%

难度评级:1410
小提示:

先求尚未投资的本金和仍需获得的收入

First find both the uninvested principal and the income still needed

大提示:

前两笔投资每年分别获得 $200\$200$140\$140

The first two investments earn $200\$200 and $140\$140 per year

解答:

剩余可投资金额为 1000040003500=2500 10000-4000-3500=2500\text{。}前两笔投资获得 0.05(4000)+0.04(3500)=3400.05(4000)+0.04(3500)=340 美元,所以余款必须获得 500340=160500-340=160 美元。所需利率为 1602500=0.064=6.4% \frac{160}{2500}=0.064=6.4\%\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

The amount left to invest is 1000040003500=2500. 10000-4000-3500=2500. The first two investments earn 0.05(4000)+0.04(3500)=3400.05(4000)+0.04(3500)=340 dollars, so the remaining investment must earn 500340=160500-340=160 dollars. Its required rate is 1602500=0.064=6.4%. \frac{160}{2500}=0.064=6.4\%.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

5.

将一枚五美分硬币放在桌上。围绕它最多可以放置多少枚五美分硬币,使每一枚都与中间的硬币及另外两枚硬币相切?

A nickel is placed on a table. The number of nickels which can be placed around it, each tangent to it and to two others is:

44

55

66

88

1212

难度评级:1070
小提示:

将中间硬币的圆心与两枚相邻硬币的圆心连接

Join the center of the middle nickel to the centers of two neighboring nickels

大提示:

三个两两相切的等圆,其圆心构成等边三角形

Those three mutually tangent equal circles make an equilateral triangle of centers

解答:

中间硬币与任意两枚相邻硬币的圆心两两相距两个半径,所以它们构成等边三角形。因此,相邻两枚外圈硬币的圆心在中间硬币圆心处所成的角为 6060^\circ。恰有 36060=6 \frac{360^\circ}{60^\circ}=6 枚硬币可以围在它周围。

因此,正确答案是 C

The centers of the middle nickel and any two neighboring nickels are pairwise two radii apart, so they form an equilateral triangle. Therefore consecutive outer centers subtend 6060^\circ at the center of the middle nickel. Exactly 36060=6 \frac{360^\circ}{60^\circ}=6 nickels fit around it.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

6.

一群牛和鸡的腿数比头数的两倍多 1414。牛的数量为:

In a group of cows and chickens, the number of legs was 1414 more than twice the number of heads. The number of cows was:

55

77

1010

1212

1414

难度评级:1000
小提示:

头数的两倍已经按每只动物两条腿计算

Twice the number of heads already accounts for two legs per animal

大提示:

每头牛在此基准上还多贡献两条腿

Each cow contributes two additional legs beyond that baseline

解答:

按每个头计算两条腿,正好计入每只鸡的两条腿,以及每头牛四条腿中的两条。因此,每头牛恰好贡献 1414 条额外腿中的两条。所以牛的数量为 142=7 \frac{14}{2}=7\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Counting two legs for every head accounts for both legs of each chicken and two of each cow’s four legs. Thus every cow contributes exactly two of the 1414 extra legs. Hence the number of cows is 142=7. \frac{14}{2}=7.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

7.

方程 ax2+bx+c=0ax^2+bx+c=0 的两个根互为倒数的条件是:

The roots of the equation ax2+bx+c=0ax^2+bx+c=0 will be reciprocal if:

a=ba=b

a=bca=bc

c=ac=a

c=bc=b

c=abc=ab

难度评级:1180
小提示:

若两个根为 rrss,则互为倒数的根满足 rs=1rs=1

If the roots are rr and s,s, reciprocal roots satisfy rs=1rs=1

大提示:

使用韦达定理 rs=cars=\frac{c}{a}

Use Vieta’s formula rs=cars=\frac{c}{a}

解答:

由韦达定理,两根之积为 ca\frac{c}{a}。互为倒数的两根乘积为 11,所以 ca=1 \frac ca=1\text{,}这要求 c=ac=a

因此,正确答案是 C

By Vieta’s formulas, the product of the two roots is ca.\frac{c}{a}. Reciprocal roots have product 1,1, so ca=1, \frac ca=1, which requires c=a.c=a.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

8.

82x=5y+88\cdot2^x=5^{y+8},则当 y=8y=-8 时,x=x=

If 82x=5y+8,8\cdot2^x=5^{y+8}, then, when y=8,y=-8, x=x=

4-4

3-3

00

44

88

难度评级:1180
小提示:

y=8y=-8 代入 55 的指数

Substitute y=8y=-8 into the exponent on 55

大提示:

88 写成 232^3

Write 88 as 232^3

解答:

y=8y=-8 时,右边为 50=15^0=1。因此 82x=2x+3=1=20 8\cdot2^x=2^{x+3}=1=2^0\text{,}所以 x+3=0x+3=0,且 x=3x=-3

因此,正确答案是 B

When y=8,y=-8, the right side is 50=1.5^0=1. Therefore 82x=2x+3=1=20, 8\cdot2^x=2^{x+3}=1=2^0, so x+3=0x+3=0 and x=3.x=-3.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

9.

化简 [a963]4[a936]4\left[\sqrt[3]{\sqrt[6]{a^9}}\right]^4\left[\sqrt[6]{\sqrt[3]{a^9}}\right]^4;结果为:

Simplify [a963]4[a936]4;\left[\sqrt[3]{\sqrt[6]{a^9}}\right]^4\left[\sqrt[6]{\sqrt[3]{a^9}}\right]^4; the result is:

a16a^{16}

a12a^{12}

a8a^8

a4a^4

a2a^2

难度评级:1280
小提示:

将每个 nn 次根改写为指数 1n\frac{1}{n}

Replace each nnth root by an exponent of 1n\frac{1}{n}

大提示:

每个括号内底数的指数为 9161349\cdot\frac16\cdot\frac13\cdot4

Each bracket has exponent 9161349\cdot\frac16\cdot\frac13\cdot4

解答:

对两个因式中的每一个,嵌套根式和外部四次方将 aa 的指数乘以 916134=2 9\cdot\frac16\cdot\frac13\cdot4=2\text{。}因此每个因式都是 a2a^2,两者之积为 a2a2=a4a^2a^2=a^4

因此,正确答案是 D

For each of the two factors, the nested roots and outer fourth power multiply the exponent of aa by 916134=2. 9\cdot\frac16\cdot\frac13\cdot4=2. Thus each factor is a2,a^2, and their product is a2a2=a4.a^2a^2=a^4.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

10.

一个半径为 1010 英寸的圆以等边三角形 ABCABC 的顶点 CC 为圆心,并经过另外两个顶点。边 ACAC 经过 CC 延长后与圆交于 DD。角 ADBADB 的度数为:

A circle of radius 1010 inches has its center at the vertex CC of an equilateral triangle ABCABC and passes through the other two vertices. The side ACAC extended through CC intersects the circle at D.D. The number of degrees of angle ADBADB is:

1515

3030

6060

9090

120120

难度评级:1410
小提示:

半径 CACACBCB 构成 6060^\circ 的圆心角

The radii CACA and CBCB form a 6060^\circ central angle

大提示:

ADBADB 是所对弧为小弧 ABAB 的圆周角

Angle ADBADB is an inscribed angle intercepting the minor arc ABAB

解答:

由于 ABCABC 是等边三角形,圆心角 ACB\angle ACB6060^\circ。圆周角 ADB\angle ADB 所对的是同一条小弧 ABAB,所以其度数为圆心角的一半:ADB=602=30 \angle ADB=\frac{60^\circ}{2}=30^\circ\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Since ABCABC is equilateral, the central angle ACB\angle ACB is 60.60^\circ. The inscribed angle ADB\angle ADB intercepts the same minor arc AB,AB, so its measure is half the central angle: ADB=602=30. \angle ADB=\frac{60^\circ}{2}=30^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

11.

表达式 111+3+1131-\dfrac1{1+\sqrt3}+\dfrac1{1-\sqrt3} 等于:

The expression 111+3+1131-\dfrac1{1+\sqrt3}+\dfrac1{1-\sqrt3} equals:

131-\sqrt3

11

3-\sqrt3

3\sqrt3

1+31+\sqrt3

难度评级:1340
小提示:

将两个分式项通分到分母 (1+3)(13)(1+\sqrt3)(1-\sqrt3)

Combine the two fractional terms over (1+3)(13)(1+\sqrt3)(1-\sqrt3)

大提示:

两个共轭分母的乘积为 13=21-3=-2

The product of the conjugate denominators is 13=21-3=-2

解答:

合并两个分式项,11+3+113=(1+3)(13)(1+3)(13)=232=3 \begin{gathered} -\frac1{1+\sqrt3}+\frac1{1-\sqrt3} \\ =\frac{(1+\sqrt3)-(1-\sqrt3)} {(1+\sqrt3)(1-\sqrt3)}\\ =\frac{2\sqrt3}{-2}\\ =-\sqrt3 \end{gathered}\text{。}再加上开头的 11,得 131-\sqrt3

因此,正确答案是 A

Combining the fractional terms, 11+3+113=(1+3)(13)(1+3)(13)=232=3. \begin{gathered} -\frac1{1+\sqrt3}+\frac1{1-\sqrt3} \\ =\frac{(1+\sqrt3)-(1-\sqrt3)} {(1+\sqrt3)(1-\sqrt3)}\\ =\frac{2\sqrt3}{-2}\\ =-\sqrt3. \end{gathered} Adding the initial 11 gives 13.1-\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

12.

x11x^{-1}-1 除以 x1x-1 的商为:

If x11x^{-1}-1 is divided by x1x-1 the quotient is:

11

1x1\dfrac1{x-1}

1x1-\dfrac1{x-1}

1x\dfrac1x

1x-\dfrac1x

难度评级:1180
小提示:

x11x^{-1}-1 改写为 1x1\frac{1}{x}-1

Rewrite x11x^{-1}-1 as 1x1\frac{1}{x}-1

大提示:

利用 1x=(x1)1-x=-(x-1) 因式分解

Factor 1x=(x1)1-x=-(x-1)

解答:

在商有定义的地方,x11x1=1xxx1=(x1)x(x1)=1x \begin{aligned} \frac{x^{-1}-1}{x-1} &=\frac{\frac{1-x}{x}}{x-1}\\ &=\frac{-(x-1)}{x(x-1)}\\ &=-\frac1x \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

Where the quotient is defined, x11x1=1xxx1=(x1)x(x1)=1x. \begin{aligned} \frac{x^{-1}-1}{x-1} &=\frac{\frac{1-x}{x}}{x-1}\\ &=\frac{-(x-1)}{x(x-1)}\\ &=-\frac1x. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

13.

给定两个正整数 xxyy,且 x<yx\lt yxxyy 小的百分比为:

Given two positive integers xx and yy with x<y.x\lt y. The percent that xx is less than yy is:

100(yx)x\dfrac{100(y-x)}x

100(xy)x\dfrac{100(x-y)}x

100(yx)y\dfrac{100(y-x)}y

100(yx)100(y-x)

100(xy)100(x-y)

难度评级:1390
小提示:

xx 比较小的数量为 yxy-x

The amount by which xx is smaller is yxy-x

大提示:

因为是与 yy 比较,所以用 yy 作分母

Because the comparison is to y,y, use yy as the denominator

解答:

两数之差为 yxy-x。以参照值 yy 的比例表示,就是 yxy\frac{y-x}{y}。乘以 100100 将此分数化为百分比:100(yx)y \frac{100(y-x)}y\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

The difference is yx.y-x. Measured as a fraction of the reference value y,y, this is yxy.\frac{y-x}{y}. Multiplying by 100100 converts the fraction to a percent: 100(yx)y. \frac{100(y-x)}y.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

14.

AABBCC 位于圆 OO 上。圆在 AA 点处的切线与割线 BCBC 交于 PP,且 BB 位于 CCPP 之间。若 BC=20BC=20PA=103PA=10\sqrt3,则 PBPB 等于:

The points A,A, B,B, and CC are on a circle O.O. The tangent line at AA and the secant BCBC intersect at P,P, BB lying between CC and P.P. If BC=20BC=20 and PA=103,PA=10\sqrt3, then PBPB equals:

55

1010

10310\sqrt3

2020

3030

难度评级:1570
小提示:

使用 PA2=PBPCPA^2=PB\cdot PC

Use PA2=PBPCPA^2=PB\cdot PC

大提示:

PB=tPB=t,则 PC=t+20PC=t+20

If PB=t,PB=t, then PC=t+20PC=t+20

解答:

PB=tPB=t。由于 BB 位于 PPCC 之间,所以 PC=t+20PC=t+20。由切割线定理,(103)2=t(t+20) (10\sqrt3)^2=t(t+20)\text{。}因此 t2+20t300=0t^2+20t-300=0,即 (t10)(t+30)=0(t-10)(t+30)=0。长度为正,所以 t=10t=10

因此,正确答案是 B

Let PB=t.PB=t. Since BB lies between PP and C,C, we have PC=t+20.PC=t+20. The tangent-secant theorem gives (103)2=t(t+20). (10\sqrt3)^2=t(t+20). Thus t2+20t300=0,t^2+20t-300=0, or (t10)(t+30)=0.(t-10)(t+30)=0. A length is positive, so t=10.t=10.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

15.

方程 15x242x2=1\dfrac{15}{x^2-4}-\dfrac2{x-2}=1 的根为:

The root(s) of 15x242x2=1\dfrac{15}{x^2-4}-\dfrac2{x-2}=1 is (are):

5-533

5-5 and 33

±2\pm2

22

22 only

3-355

3-3 and 55

33

33 only

难度评级:1630
小提示:

原方程要求 x±2x\ne\pm2

The original equation requires x±2x\ne\pm2

大提示:

两边同乘 (x2)(x+2)(x-2)(x+2),再合并同类项

Multiply through by (x2)(x+2)(x-2)(x+2) and collect terms

解答:

x±2x\ne\pm2 时,两边乘以 x24x^2-4,得 152(x+2)=x24 15-2(x+2)=x^2-4\text{。}因此 x2+2x15=0x^2+2x-15=0,所以 (x+5)(x3)=0 (x+5)(x-3)=0\text{。}x=5x=-5x=3x=3 都满足定义域限制。

因此,正确答案是 A

For x±2,x\ne\pm2, multiplying by x24x^2-4 gives 152(x+2)=x24. 15-2(x+2)=x^2-4. Hence x2+2x15=0,x^2+2x-15=0, so (x+5)(x3)=0. (x+5)(x-3)=0. Both x=5x=-5 and x=3x=3 satisfy the domain restriction.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

16.

三个数的和为 9898。第一个数与第二个数之比为 23\dfrac23,第二个数与第三个数之比为 58\dfrac58。第二个数为:

The sum of three numbers is 98.98. The ratio of the first to the second is 23,\dfrac23, and the ratio of the second to the third is 58.\dfrac58. The second number is:

1515

2020

3030

3232

3333

难度评级:1380
小提示:

选择共同的倍数,使三个数之比为 10:15:2410:15:24

Choose a common scaling so the three numbers have ratio 10:15:2410:15:24

大提示:

这些比值份数之和为 4949

Those ratio parts add to 4949

解答:

第一个数与第二个数之比 2:32:3,以及第二个数与第三个数之比 5:85:8,合并后可得三个数之比为 10:15:2410:15:244949 份共等于 9898,所以每份为 22。第二个数为 152=3015\cdot2=30

因此,正确答案是 C

The first-to-second ratio 2:32:3 and second-to-third ratio 5:85:8 combine to give the three-number ratio 10:15:24.10:15:24. The 4949 total parts equal 98,98, so each part is 2.2. The second number is 152=30.15\cdot2=30.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

17.

分式 5x112x2+x6\dfrac{5x-11}{2x^2+x-6} 是由分式 Ax+2\dfrac A{x+2}B2x3\dfrac B{2x-3} 相加得到的。AABB 的值依次必须为:

The fraction 5x112x2+x6\dfrac{5x-11}{2x^2+x-6} was obtained by adding the two fractions Ax+2\dfrac A{x+2} and B2x3.\dfrac B{2x-3}. The values of AA and BB must be, respectively:

5x5x11-11

5x,5x, 11-11

11-115x5x

11,-11, 5x5x

1-133

1,-1, 33

331-1

3,3, 1-1

5511-11

5,5, 11-11

难度评级:1550
小提示:

因式分解 2x2+x6=(x+2)(2x3)2x^2+x-6=(x+2)(2x-3)

Factor 2x2+x6=(x+2)(2x3)2x^2+x-6=(x+2)(2x-3)

大提示:

合并两个分式后,在 A(2x3)+B(x+2)=5x11A(2x-3)+B(x+2)=5x-11 中比较系数

After combining the two fractions, match coefficients in A(2x3)+B(x+2)=5x11A(2x-3)+B(x+2)=5x-11

解答:

合并给出的部分分式,得 A(2x3)+B(x+2)(x+2)(2x3) \frac{A(2x-3)+B(x+2)}{(x+2)(2x-3)}\text{。}将其分子与 5x115x-11 比较,得 2A+B=5,3A+2B=11 \begin{aligned} 2A+B&=5,\\ -3A+2B&=-11 \end{aligned}\text{。}解得 A=3A=3,且 B=1B=-1

因此,正确答案是 D

Combining the proposed partial fractions gives A(2x3)+B(x+2)(x+2)(2x3). \frac{A(2x-3)+B(x+2)}{(x+2)(2x-3)}. Matching its numerator with 5x115x-11 yields 2A+B=5,3A+2B=11. \begin{aligned} 2A+B&=5,\\ -3A+2B&=-11. \end{aligned} Solving gives A=3A=3 and B=1.B=-1.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

18.

102y=2510^{2y}=25,则 10y10^{-y} 等于:

If 102y=25,10^{2y}=25, then 10y10^{-y} equals:

15-\dfrac15

1625\dfrac1{625}

150\dfrac1{50}

125\dfrac1{25}

15\dfrac15

难度评级:1210
小提示:

102y10^{2y} 写成 (10y)2(10^y)^2

Write 102y10^{2y} as (10y)2(10^y)^2

大提示:

10y10^y 为正数

The quantity 10y10^y is positive

解答:

我们有 (10y)2=25 (10^y)^2=25\text{。}由于 10y10^y 为正数,所以 10y=510^y=5。取倒数得 10y=1510^{-y}=\frac{1}{5}

因此,正确答案是 E

We have (10y)2=25. (10^y)^2=25. Since 10y10^y is positive, 10y=5.10^y=5. Taking the reciprocal gives 10y=15.10^{-y}=\frac{1}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

19.

两根等高的蜡烛同时点燃。第一根在 44 小时内烧完,第二根在 33 小时内烧完。假设每根蜡烛都以恒定速度燃烧,点燃多少小时后,第一根蜡烛的高度是第二根的两倍?

Two candles of the same height are lighted at the same time. The first is consumed in 44 hours and the second in 33 hours. Assuming that each candle burns at a constant rate, in how many hours after being lighted was the first candle twice the height of the second?

34\dfrac34 小时

34\dfrac34 hr.

1121\dfrac12 小时

1121\dfrac12 hr.

22 小时

22 hr.

2252\dfrac25 小时

2252\dfrac25 hr.

2122\dfrac12 小时

2122\dfrac12 hr.

难度评级:1540
小提示:

将两根蜡烛的共同初始高度设为 11

Scale the common initial height to 11

大提示:

tt 小时后,剩余高度的比例为 1t41-\frac{t}{4}1t31-\frac{t}{3}

After tt hours the remaining fractions are 1t41-\frac{t}{4} and 1t31-\frac{t}{3}

解答:

设每根蜡烛的初始高度为 11tt 小时后,剩余高度分别为 1t41-\frac{t}{4}1t31-\frac{t}{3}。所需条件为 1t4=2(1t3) 1-\frac t4=2\left(1-\frac t3\right)\text{。}两边乘以 1212,得 123t=248t12-3t=24-8t,所以 5t=125t=12,且 t=125=225t=\frac{12}{5}=2\dfrac25

因此,正确答案是 D

Let each initial height be 1.1. After tt hours the remaining heights are 1t41-\frac{t}{4} and 1t3.1-\frac{t}{3}. The required condition is 1t4=2(1t3). 1-\frac t4=2\left(1-\frac t3\right). Multiplying by 1212 gives 123t=248t,12-3t=24-8t, so 5t=125t=12 and t=125=225.t=\frac{12}{5}=2\dfrac25.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

20.

(0.2)x=2(0.2)^x=2log2=0.3010\log 2=0.3010,则 xx 精确到十分位的值为:

If (0.2)x=2(0.2)^x=2 and log2=0.3010,\log 2=0.3010, then the value of xx to the nearest tenth is:

10.0-10.0

0.5-0.5

0.4-0.4

0.2-0.2

10.010.0

难度评级:1360
小提示:

等式两边取常用对数

Take common logarithms of both sides

大提示:

使用 log(0.2)=log21=0.6990\log(0.2)=\log2-1=-0.6990

Use log(0.2)=log21=0.6990\log(0.2)=\log2-1=-0.6990

解答:

两边取常用对数,得 xlog(0.2)=log2 x\log(0.2)=\log2\text{。}由于 log(0.2)=log21=0.6990\log(0.2)=\log2-1=-0.6990x=0.30100.69900.4306 x=\frac{0.3010}{-0.6990}\approx-0.4306\text{。}精确到十分位为 0.4-0.4

因此,正确答案是 C

Taking common logarithms gives xlog(0.2)=log2. x\log(0.2)=\log2. Since log(0.2)=log21=0.6990,\log(0.2)=\log2-1=-0.6990, x=0.30100.69900.4306. x=\frac{0.3010}{-0.6990}\approx-0.4306. To the nearest tenth, this is 0.4.-0.4.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

21.

若两条相交直线都与一条双曲线相交,且都不与该双曲线相切,则它们与双曲线的交点数可能为:

If each of two intersecting lines intersects a hyperbola and neither line is tangent to the hyperbola, then the possible number of points of intersection with the hyperbola is:

22

2233

22 or 33

2244

22 or 44

3344

33 or 44

223344

2,2, 3,3, or 44

难度评级:1770
小提示:

一条与双曲线相交但不相切的直线,可能有一个或两个交点

A non-tangent line that intersects a hyperbola can meet it in either one or two points

大提示:

由于两条直线本身相交,它们可能共用双曲线上的一个交点

The two lines may share one hyperbola point, since the lines themselves intersect

解答:

当直线方向平行于一条渐近线时,它可以与双曲线有一个有限交点;否则可以有两个有限交点。适当选取两条直线,使它们在双曲线上的有限交点互不重合,便可分别得到 1+1=21+1=21+2=31+2=32+2=42+2=4 个不同交点。若两条直线自身的交点恰好在双曲线上,则这个交点只计一次。

因此,223344 都有可能,正确答案是 E

A line can meet a hyperbola in either one finite point, when its direction is parallel to an asymptote, or two finite points. By choosing the two lines so that their finite intersection sets on the hyperbola are disjoint, they can therefore contribute 1+1=2,1+1=2, 1+2=3,1+2=3, or 2+2=42+2=4 distinct intersections. If their own intersection lies on the hyperbola, one point is shared instead.

Thus, 2,2, 3,3, or 44 are possible, and the correct answer is E.

22.

琼斯第一次旅行走了 5050 英里。后来一次旅行中,他以原来三倍的速度走了 300300 英里。新旅行时间与原旅行时间相比是:

Jones covered a distance of 5050 miles on his first trip. On a later trip he traveled 300300 miles while going three times as fast. His new time compared with the old time was:

三倍

three times as much

两倍

twice as much

相同

the same

一半

half as much

三分之一

a third as much

难度评级:1150
小提示:

将每次旅行时间写成路程除以速度

Write each travel time as distance divided by speed

大提示:

若原速度为 vv,比较 50v\frac{50}{v}3003v\frac{300}{3v}

If the old speed is v,v, compare 50v\frac{50}{v} with 3003v\frac{300}{3v}

解答:

若第一次的速度为 vv,则原旅行时间为 50v\frac{50}{v}。后一次的旅行时间为 3003v=100v=2(50v) \frac{300}{3v}=\frac{100}{v}=2\left(\frac{50}{v}\right)\text{。}因此,新旅行时间是原来的两倍。

正确答案是 B

If the first speed was v,v, the old time was 50v.\frac{50}{v}. The later time was 3003v=100v=2(50v). \frac{300}{3v}=\frac{100}{v}=2\left(\frac{50}{v}\right). Thus the new time was twice the old time.

The correct answer is B.

23.

方程 ax22x2+c=0ax^2-2x\sqrt2+c=0 中,aacc 为实常数,且已知判别式为零。它的根必定:

About the equation ax22x2+c=0,ax^2-2x\sqrt2+c=0, with aa and cc real constants, we are told that the discriminant is zero. The roots are necessarily:

相等且为整数

equal and integral

相等且为有理数

equal and rational

相等且为实数

equal and real

相等且为无理数

equal and irrational

相等且为虚数

equal and imaginary

难度评级:1280
小提示:

判别式为零使求根公式所得的两个值重合

A zero discriminant makes the two quadratic-formula values coincide

大提示:

重根为 b2a=2a-\frac{b}{2a}=\frac{\sqrt2}{a}

The repeated root is b2a=2a-\frac{b}{2a}=\frac{\sqrt2}{a}

解答:

实系数且判别式为零的二次方程有重根 x=(22)2a=2a x=\frac{-(-2\sqrt2)}{2a}=\frac{\sqrt2}{a}\text{。}由于 aa 是非零实数,此根为实数。它不一定总是有理数,也不一定总是无理数。

因此,两根必定相等且为实数,正确答案是 C

A quadratic with real coefficients and discriminant zero has the repeated root x=(22)2a=2a. x=\frac{-(-2\sqrt2)}{2a}=\frac{\sqrt2}{a}. Since aa is a nonzero real number, this root is real. It need not always be rational or always be irrational.

Thus, the roots are necessarily equal and real, so the correct answer is C.

24.

图中,AB=ACAB=AC,角 BAD=30BAD=30^\circ,且 AE=ADAE=AD。则角 CDECDE 等于:

In the figure AB=AC,AB=AC, angle BAD=30,BAD=30^\circ, and AE=AD.AE=AD. Then angle CDECDE equals:

7127\dfrac12^\circ

1010^\circ

121212\dfrac12^\circ

1515^\circ

2020^\circ

难度评级:2070
小提示:

DAE=α\angle DAE=\alpha,利用等腰三角形 ABCABC 表示 CC 点处的底角

Let DAE=α\angle DAE=\alpha and express the base angle at CC using isosceles triangle ABCABC

大提示:

利用 AE=ADAE=AD 表示 ADE\angle ADE,再分解 DD 点处的平角

Use AE=ADAE=AD to express ADE,\angle ADE, then split the straight angle at DD

解答:

DAE=α\angle DAE=\alpha。由于 AB=ACAB=ACAE=ADAE=ADACB=75α2,ADE=90α2 \begin{aligned} \angle ACB&=75^\circ-\frac\alpha2,\\ \angle ADE&=90^\circ-\frac\alpha2 \end{aligned}\text{。}在三角形 ACDACD 中,ADC=180αACB\angle ADC=180^\circ-\alpha-\angle ACB,所以 ADC=105α2\angle ADC=105^\circ-\frac\alpha2。由于 ADC=ADE+x\angle ADC=\angle ADE+xx=(105α2)(90α2)=15 \begin{aligned} x&=\left(105^\circ-\frac\alpha2\right) -\left(90^\circ-\frac\alpha2\right)\\ &=15^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let DAE=α.\angle DAE=\alpha. Since AB=ACAB=AC and AE=AD,AE=AD, ACB=75α2,ADE=90α2. \begin{aligned} \angle ACB&=75^\circ-\frac\alpha2,\\ \angle ADE&=90^\circ-\frac\alpha2. \end{aligned} Triangle ACDACD gives ADC=180αACB,\angle ADC=180^\circ-\alpha-\angle ACB, so ADC=105α2.\angle ADC=105^\circ-\frac\alpha2. Since ADC=ADE+x,\angle ADC=\angle ADE+x, x=(105α2)(90α2)=15. \begin{aligned} x&=\left(105^\circ-\frac\alpha2\right) -\left(90^\circ-\frac\alpha2\right)\\ &=15^\circ. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

25.

kk 取从 11nn 的整数值时,所有形如 2k+12k+1 的数之和为:

The sum of all numbers of the form 2k+1,2k+1, where kk takes on integral values from 11 to nn is:

n2n^2

n(n+1)n(n+1)

n(n+2)n(n+2)

(n+1)2(n+1)^2

(n+1)(n+2)(n+1)(n+2)

难度评级:1490
小提示:

k=1n(2k+1)\sum_{k=1}^n(2k+1) 拆成两个和

Separate k=1n(2k+1)\sum_{k=1}^n(2k+1) into two sums

大提示:

使用 1+2++n=n(n+1)21+2+\cdots+n=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}

Use 1+2++n=n(n+1)21+2+\cdots+n=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}

解答:

计算得 k=1n(2k+1)=2k=1nk+k=1n1=n(n+1)+n=n(n+2) \begin{aligned} \sum_{k=1}^n(2k+1) &=2\sum_{k=1}^n k+\sum_{k=1}^n1\\ &=n(n+1)+n\\ &=n(n+2) \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

We compute k=1n(2k+1)=2k=1nk+k=1n1=n(n+1)+n=n(n+2). \begin{aligned} \sum_{k=1}^n(2k+1) &=2\sum_{k=1}^n k+\sum_{k=1}^n1\\ &=n(n+1)+n\\ &=n(n+2). \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

26.

下列哪一组已知条件不能唯一确定所指三角形?

Which one of the following combinations of given parts does not determine the indicated triangle?

底角和顶角;等腰三角形

base angle and vertex angle; isosceles triangle

顶角和底边;等腰三角形

vertex angle and the base; isosceles triangle

外接圆半径;等边三角形

the radius of the circumscribed circle; equilateral triangle

一条直角边和内切圆半径;直角三角形

one arm and the radius of the inscribed circle; right triangle

两个角及其中一个角的对边;不等边三角形

two angles and a side opposite one of them; scalene triangle

难度评级:1570
小提示:

判断每组信息是否同时确定大小和形状

Ask whether each set of information fixes scale as well as shape

大提示:

若没有给出任何长度,两个角只能确定一类相似三角形

Two angles determine only a similarity class unless some length is also supplied

解答:

在等腰三角形中,一个底角和顶角可以确定三个角,但没有指定任何边长。因此,任意大小的相似三角形都满足同样的已知条件,三角形不能唯一确定。其余每个选项都直接给出或通过半径给出了足够的长度信息,可以同时确定大小和形状。

因此,正确答案是 A

In an isosceles triangle, a base angle and the vertex angle determine all three angles, but no side length is specified. Therefore triangles of every scale have the same given data, so the triangle is not determined. Each other choice includes enough length information, directly or through a radius, to fix the scale as well as the shape.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

27.

若三角形的一个角保持不变,而该角的两条夹边都加倍,则面积变为原来的:

If an angle of a triangle remains unchanged but each of its two including sides is doubled, then the area is multiplied by:

22

33

44

66

大于 66

more than 66

难度评级:1180
小提示:

使用由两边及其夹角求面积的公式 12absinC\frac12ab\sin C

Use the area formula 12absinC\frac12ab\sin C for two sides and their included angle

大提示:

两条边都加倍,会使它们的乘积乘以 222\cdot2

Doubling both side factors multiplies their product by 222\cdot2

解答:

若两条夹边为 aabb,保持不变的夹角为 CC,则原面积为 12absinC\frac12ab\sin C。两条边都加倍后,面积为 12(2a)(2b)sinC=2absinC=4(12absinC) \begin{gathered} \frac12(2a)(2b)\sin C \\ =2ab\sin C\\ =4\left(\frac12ab\sin C\right) \end{gathered}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

If the included sides are aa and b,b, and their unchanged angle is C,C, the original area is 12absinC.\frac12ab\sin C. After both sides are doubled, the area is 12(2a)(2b)sinC=2absinC=4(12absinC). \begin{gathered} \frac12(2a)(2b)\sin C \\ =2ab\sin C\\ =4\left(\frac12ab\sin C\right). \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

28.

J 先生将全部遗产留给妻子、女儿、儿子和厨师。女儿与儿子分得遗产的一半,二人所得之比为 4433。妻子所得是儿子的两倍。若厨师得到 $500\$500,则全部遗产为:

Mr. J left his entire estate to his wife, his daughter, his son, and the cook. His daughter and son got half the estate, sharing in the ratio of 44 to 3.3. His wife got twice as much as the son. If the cook received a bequest of $500,\$500, then the entire estate was:

$3500\$3500

$5500\$5500

$6500\$6500

$7000\$7000

$7500\$7500

难度评级:1660
小提示:

设女儿和儿子所得分别为 4x4x3x3x

Let the daughter’s and son’s shares be 4x4x and 3x3x

大提示:

他们的 7x7x 是遗产的一半,另一半等于妻子的 6x6x$500\$500

Their 7x7x is half the estate, while the other half is the wife’s 6x6x plus $500\$500

解答:

设女儿得到 4x4x,儿子得到 3x3x。两人共得到 7x7x,即遗产的一半。妻子得到 6x6x,所以由另一半可得 7x=6x+500 7x=6x+500\text{。}因此 x=500x=500,全部遗产为 2(7x)=14(500)=70002(7x)=14(500)=7000 美元。

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the daughter receive 4x4x and the son 3x.3x. Together they receive 7x,7x, which is half the estate. The wife receives 6x,6x, so the other half gives 7x=6x+500. 7x=6x+500. Thus x=500,x=500, and the whole estate is 2(7x)=14(500)=70002(7x)=14(500)=7000 dollars.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

29.

依次连接 xy=12xy=12x2+y2=25x^2+y^2=25 的各交点。所得图形为:

The points of intersection of xy=12xy=12 and x2+y2=25x^2+y^2=25 are joined in succession. The resulting figure is:

一条直线

a straight line

一个等边三角形

an equilateral triangle

一个平行四边形

a parallelogram

一个矩形

a rectangle

一个正方形

a square

难度评级:1840
小提示:

使用 (x+y)2=x2+y2+2xy(x+y)^2=x^2+y^2+2xyx+yx+y 的可能值

Use (x+y)2=x2+y2+2xy(x+y)^2=x^2+y^2+2xy to find the possible sums x+yx+y

大提示:

四个交点是 (3,4)(3,4) 的坐标交换及其相反数

The four intersection points are permutations and negatives of (3,4)(3,4)

解答:

在交点处,(x+y)2=x2+y2+2xy=25+24=49 \begin{aligned} (x+y)^2&=x^2+y^2+2xy\\ &=25+24=49 \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 x+y=±7x+y=\pm7。再结合 xy=12xy=12,得到四个点 (3,4), (4,3),(3,4), (4,3) \begin{aligned} &(3,4),\ (4,3),\\ &(-3,-4),\ (-4,-3) \end{aligned}\text{。}按它们在圆周上的顺序连接,相邻边向量互相垂直,所以四边形是矩形。相邻边长不相等,因此它不是正方形。

因此,正确答案是 D

At an intersection, (x+y)2=x2+y2+2xy=25+24=49, \begin{aligned} (x+y)^2&=x^2+y^2+2xy\\ &=25+24=49, \end{aligned} so x+y=±7.x+y=\pm7. Together with xy=12,xy=12, this gives the four points (3,4), (4,3),(3,4), (4,3). \begin{aligned} &(3,4),\ (4,3),\\ &(-3,-4),\ (-4,-3). \end{aligned} In their cyclic order around the circle, adjacent side vectors are perpendicular, so the quadrilateral is a rectangle. Its adjacent side lengths are unequal, so it is not a square.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

30.

若等边三角形的高为 6\sqrt6,则其面积为:

If the altitude of an equilateral triangle is 6,\sqrt6, then the area is:

222\sqrt2

232\sqrt3

333\sqrt3

626\sqrt2

1212

难度评级:1490
小提示:

边长为 ss 的等边三角形,其高为 s32\frac{s\sqrt3}{2}

For side length s,s, an equilateral triangle has altitude s32\frac{s\sqrt3}{2}

大提示:

求出 ss 后,使用面积公式 sh2\frac{sh}{2}

Once ss is known, use area sh2\frac{sh}{2}

解答:

设边长为 ss。由 s32=6 \frac{s\sqrt3}{2}=\sqrt6\text{,}s=22s=2\sqrt2。因此面积为 12s6=12(22)(6)=23 \frac12s\sqrt6 =\frac12(2\sqrt2)(\sqrt6)=2\sqrt3\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let the side length be s.s. From s32=6, \frac{s\sqrt3}{2}=\sqrt6, we get s=22.s=2\sqrt2. Hence the area is 12s6=12(22)(6)=23. \frac12s\sqrt6 =\frac12(2\sqrt2)(\sqrt6)=2\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

31.

我们的计数系统以十为底。若把底数改为四,计数如下:112233101011111212131320202121222223233030\ldots 第二十个数为:

In our number system the base is ten. If the base were changed to four you would count as follows: 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 10,10, 11,11, 12,12, 13,13, 20,20, 21,21, 22,22, 23,23, 30,30, \ldots The twentieth number would be:

2020

3838

4444

104104

110110

难度评级:1470
小提示:

第二十个正整数表示通常的数值 2020

The twentieth positive number represents the ordinary value 2020

大提示:

2020 连续除以 44,或用 16164411 这些位值表示它

Divide 2020 successively by 4,4, or express it using the place values 16,16, 4,4, and 11

解答:

第二十个正整数的通常数值为 2020。由于 20=142+14+0 20=1\cdot4^2+1\cdot4+0\text{,}它的四进制表示为 110110

因此,正确答案是 E

The twentieth positive integer has ordinary value 20.20. Since 20=142+14+0, 20=1\cdot4^2+1\cdot4+0, its base-four representation is 110.110.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

32.

乔治和亨利从游泳池的两端同时开始比赛。一分半后,他们在泳池中央相遇。若两人转身都不耽搁,并各自保持原来的速度,那么从出发起多少分钟后他们会第二次相遇?

George and Henry started a race from opposite ends of the pool. After a minute and a half, they passed each other in the center of the pool. If they lost no time in turning and maintained their respective speeds, how many minutes after starting did they pass each other the second time?

33

4124\dfrac12

66

7127\dfrac12

99

难度评级:1550
小提示:

第一次在中央相遇,说明两名游泳者的速度相同

Meeting at the center means the two swimmers have equal speeds

大提示:

他们在 33 分钟时分别到达对岸,转身后各自还要游半个泳池的长度

They reach the opposite ends at 33 minutes, turn, and need another half-pool each

解答:

因为他们从两端同时出发并在中央第一次相遇,所以两人的速度相同。每个人都在 33 分钟后到达对岸。他们立即转身,各自再用 1.51.5 分钟回到中央并再次相遇。第二次相遇发生在出发 3+1.5=4.5=412 3+1.5=4.5=4\frac12 分钟后。

因此,正确答案是 B

Because they started simultaneously from opposite ends and first met at the center, their speeds are equal. Each reaches the opposite end after 33 minutes. They turn immediately, and each then needs another 1.51.5 minutes to return to the center, where they meet again. The second meeting occurs after 3+1.5=4.5=412 3+1.5=4.5=4\frac12 minutes.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

33.

2\sqrt2 等于:

The number 2\sqrt2 is equal to:

一个有理分数

a rational fraction

一个有限小数

a finite decimal

1.414211.41421

一个无限循环小数

an infinite repeating decimal

一个无限不循环小数

an infinite non-repeating decimal

难度评级:1340
小提示:

回想每个有理数的小数展开具有什么形式

Recall what kind of decimal expansion every rational number has

大提示:

2\sqrt2 是无理数,所以它的小数展开既不终止也不循环

The number 2\sqrt2 is irrational, so its decimal neither terminates nor repeats

解答:

2\sqrt2 是无理数。有理数的小数展开要么终止,要么最终循环,而无理数的小数展开则是无限不循环的。有限小数 1.414211.41421 只是一个近似值。

因此,正确答案是 E

The number 2\sqrt2 is irrational. A rational number has a decimal expansion that either terminates or eventually repeats, whereas an irrational number has an infinite non-repeating decimal expansion. The finite decimal 1.414211.41421 is only an approximation.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

34.

nn 是任意非负整数,则 n2(n21)n^2(n^2-1) 一定能被下列哪个数整除?

If nn is any whole number, n2(n21)n^2(n^2-1) is always divisible by:

1212

2424

1212 的任意倍数

any multiple of 1212

12n12-n

12122424

1212 and 2424

难度评级:1770
小提示:

将这个式子因式分解为 n2(n1)(n+1)n^2(n-1)(n+1)

Factor the expression as n2(n1)(n+1)n^2(n-1)(n+1)

大提示:

三个连续整数中必有一个是 33 的倍数,而这些因子中至少含有两个因子 22

Among three consecutive integers there is a multiple of 3,3, and the factors supply at least two powers of 22

解答:

我们有 n2(n21)=n2(n1)(n+1) n^2(n^2-1)=n^2(n-1)(n+1)\text{。}n1n-1nnn+1n+1 中,有一个能被 33 整除。若 nn 为偶数,则 n2n^2 能被 44 整除;若 nn 为奇数,则 n1n-1n+1n+1 都是偶数,所以它们的乘积能被 44 整除。因此,这个式子一定能被 1212 整除。它不一定能被 2424 整除,因为 n=2n=2 时式子的值为 1212

因此,正确答案是 A

We have n2(n21)=n2(n1)(n+1). n^2(n^2-1)=n^2(n-1)(n+1). Among n1,n-1, n,n, and n+1,n+1, one is divisible by 3.3. If nn is even, n2n^2 is divisible by 4;4; if nn is odd, both n1n-1 and n+1n+1 are even, so their product is divisible by 4.4. Thus the expression is always divisible by 12.12. It is not always divisible by 24,24, since n=2n=2 gives 12.12.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

35.

一个菱形由某圆的两条半径和两条弦组成,该圆的半径为 1616 英尺。这个菱形的面积为多少平方英尺?

A rhombus is formed by two radii and two chords of a circle whose radius is 1616 feet. The area of the rhombus in square feet is:

128128

1283128\sqrt3

256256

512512

5123512\sqrt3

难度评级:1880
小提示:

菱形的每条边长都是 1616,所以每条弦都等于半径

Every side of the rhombus has length 16,16, so each chord equals the radius

大提示:

长度等于半径的弦所对的圆心角为 6060^\circ;使用公式 s2sinθs^2\sin\theta

A chord equal to the radius subtends a 6060^\circ central angle; use s2sinθs^2\sin\theta

解答:

菱形的四条边都等于圆的半径 1616。一条长度等于半径的弦与连接其两个端点的两条半径组成等边三角形,所以所夹的圆心角为 6060^\circ。因此,菱形的面积为 162sin60=25632=1283 \begin{aligned} 16^2\sin60^\circ &=256\cdot\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\\ &=128\sqrt3 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

All four sides of the rhombus equal the circle’s radius, 16.16. A chord of length equal to the radius forms an equilateral triangle with the two radii to its endpoints, so the included central angle is 60.60^\circ. Therefore the rhombus has area 162sin60=25632=1283. \begin{aligned} 16^2\sin60^\circ &=256\cdot\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\\ &=128\sqrt3. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

36.

若和 1+2+3++K1+2+3+\cdots+K 是完全平方数 N2N^2,且 NN 小于 100100,则 KK 的可能值为:

If the sum 1+2+3++K1+2+3+\cdots+K is a perfect square N2N^2 and if NN is less than 100,100, then the possible values for KK are:

只有 11

only 11

1188

11 and 88

只有 88

only 88

884949

88 and 4949

11884949

1,1, 8,8, and 4949

难度评级:2450
小提示:

K(K+1)2=N2\frac{K(K+1)}{2}=N^2 改写为 (2K+1)28N2=1(2K+1)^2-8N^2=1

Rewrite K(K+1)2=N2\frac{K(K+1)}{2}=N^2 as (2K+1)28N2=1(2K+1)^2-8N^2=1

大提示:

(2K+1)+N8(2K+1)+N\sqrt8 依次乘以 3+83+\sqrt8 来生成正整数解,并在 N100N\ge100 时停止

Generate successive positive solutions by multiplying (2K+1)+N8(2K+1)+N\sqrt8 by 3+8,3+\sqrt8, stopping when N100N\ge100

解答:

题设条件为 K(K+1)2=N2 \frac{K(K+1)}2=N^2\text{,}(2K+1)28N2=1 (2K+1)^2-8N^2=1\text{。}这个佩尔方程的正整数解由基本解 3+83+\sqrt8 生成。最前面的几组 (2K+1,N)(2K+1,N)(3,1), (17,6),(99,35), (577,204), \begin{aligned} &(3,1),\ (17,6),\\ &(99,35),\ (577,204),\ldots \end{aligned} 因此,满足 N<100N\lt100 的值为 K=1,8,49K=1,8,49

因此,正确答案是 E

The condition is K(K+1)2=N2, \frac{K(K+1)}2=N^2, or (2K+1)28N2=1. (2K+1)^2-8N^2=1. The positive solutions of this Pell equation are generated from the fundamental solution 3+8.3+\sqrt8. Their first pairs (2K+1,N)(2K+1,N) are (3,1), (17,6),(99,35), (577,204), \begin{aligned} &(3,1),\ (17,6),\\ &(99,35),\ (577,204),\ldots \end{aligned} Thus the values with N<100N\lt100 are K=1,8,49.K=1,8,49.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

37.

一幅地图的比例尺为一英寸半表示 400400 英里。图上某庄园呈一个含有 6060^\circ 角的菱形,6060^\circ 角所对的对角线长为 316\dfrac3{16} 英寸。该庄园的实际面积为多少平方英里?

On a map whose scale is 400400 miles to an inch and a half, a certain estate is represented by a rhombus having a 6060^\circ angle. The diagonal opposite 6060^\circ is 316\dfrac3{16} in. The area of the estate in square miles is:

25003\dfrac{2500}{\sqrt3}

12503\dfrac{1250}{\sqrt3}

12501250

562532\dfrac{5625\sqrt3}{2}

125031250\sqrt3

难度评级:2210
小提示:

在含有 6060^\circ 角的菱形中,较短的对角线等于边长

In a 6060^\circ rhombus, the shorter diagonal equals the side length

大提示:

比例尺为每英寸 8003\frac{800}{3} 英里,所以先把 316\frac{3}{16} 英寸的边长换算为实际长度,再求面积

The scale is 8003\frac{800}{3} miles per inch, so convert the 316\frac{3}{16}-inch side before finding area

解答:

6060^\circ 角所对的对角线把菱形分成两个等边三角形,所以它的长度等于菱形的边长。地图的比例尺为每英寸 8003\frac{800}{3} 英里,因此实际边长为 3168003=50 \frac3{16}\cdot\frac{800}{3}=50 英里。所以菱形的面积为 502sin60=250032=12503 \begin{aligned} 50^2\sin60^\circ &=2500\cdot\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\\ &=1250\sqrt3 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

The diagonal opposite the 6060^\circ angle divides the rhombus into two equilateral triangles, so its length equals the rhombus side. The map scale is 8003\frac{800}{3} miles per inch, hence the actual side length is 3168003=50 \frac3{16}\cdot\frac{800}{3}=50 miles. Therefore the rhombus area is 502sin60=250032=12503. \begin{aligned} 50^2\sin60^\circ &=2500\cdot\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\\ &=1250\sqrt3. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

38.

在一个两条直角边为 aabb、斜边为 cc 的直角三角形中,斜边上的高为 xx,则:

In a right triangle with sides aa and b,b, and hypotenuse c,c, the altitude drawn on the hypotenuse is x.x. Then:

ab=x2ab=x^2

1a+1b=1x\dfrac1a+\dfrac1b=\dfrac1x

a2+b2=2x2a^2+b^2=2x^2

1x2=1a2+1b2\dfrac1{x^2}=\dfrac1{a^2}+\dfrac1{b^2}

1x=ba\dfrac1x=\dfrac ba

难度评级:1810
小提示:

分别用两条直角边以及斜边与斜边上的高来计算三角形面积

Compute the triangle’s area using either the legs or the hypotenuse and its altitude

大提示:

ab=cxab=cx 出发,代入 c2=a2+b2c^2=a^2+b^2,再除以 a2b2x2a^2b^2x^2

From ab=cx,ab=cx, substitute c2=a2+b2c^2=a^2+b^2 and divide by a2b2x2a^2b^2x^2

解答:

令两种面积公式相等,得到 12ab=12cx \frac12ab=\frac12cx\text{,}所以 ab=cxab=cx。两边平方并利用 c2=a2+b2c^2=a^2+b^2,得到 a2b2=x2(a2+b2) a^2b^2=x^2(a^2+b^2)\text{。}两边除以 a2b2x2a^2b^2x^2,得到 1x2=1a2+1b2 \frac1{x^2}=\frac1{a^2}+\frac1{b^2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Equating two area formulas gives 12ab=12cx, \frac12ab=\frac12cx, so ab=cx.ab=cx. Squaring and using c2=a2+b2c^2=a^2+b^2 yields a2b2=x2(a2+b2). a^2b^2=x^2(a^2+b^2). Dividing by a2b2x2a^2b^2x^2 gives 1x2=1a2+1b2. \frac1{x^2}=\frac1{a^2}+\frac1{b^2}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

39.

一个直角三角形的斜边 cc 与一条直角边 aa 是相邻整数。另一条直角边的平方为:

The hypotenuse cc and one arm aa of a right triangle are consecutive integers. The square of the second arm is:

caca

ca\dfrac ca

c+ac+a

cac-a

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1470
小提示:

若另一条直角边为 bb,则 b2=c2a2b^2=c^2-a^2

If the second arm is b,b, then b2=c2a2b^2=c^2-a^2

大提示:

将平方差因式分解,并利用 ca=1c-a=1

Factor the difference of squares and use ca=1c-a=1

解答:

由勾股定理,b2=c2a2=(ca)(c+a) b^2=c^2-a^2=(c-a)(c+a)\text{。}因为 ccaa 是相邻整数且 c>ac\gt a,所以 ca=1c-a=1。因此 b2=c+ab^2=c+a

因此,正确答案是 C

By the Pythagorean theorem, b2=c2a2=(ca)(c+a). b^2=c^2-a^2=(c-a)(c+a). Since cc and aa are consecutive and c>a,c\gt a, we have ca=1.c-a=1. Hence b2=c+a.b^2=c+a.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

40.

V=gt+V0V=gt+V_0S=12gt2+V0tS=\dfrac12gt^2+V_0t,则 tt 等于:

If V=gt+V0V=gt+V_0 and S=12gt2+V0t,S=\dfrac12gt^2+V_0t, then tt equals:

2SV+V0\dfrac{2S}{V+V_0}

2SVV0\dfrac{2S}{V-V_0}

2SV0V\dfrac{2S}{V_0-V}

2SV\dfrac{2S}{V}

2SV2S-V

难度评级:1530
小提示:

用第一个方程中的关系替换第二个方程里的 gtgt

Use the first equation to replace gtgt in the second

大提示:

写出 gt=VV0gt=V-V_0 后提取公因式 tt

Factor tt after writing gt=VV0gt=V-V_0

解答:

由第一个方程可知 gt=VV0gt=V-V_0。因此 S=12(gt)t+V0t=12(VV0)t+V0t=12(V+V0)t \begin{aligned} S&=\frac12(gt)t+V_0t\\ &=\frac12(V-V_0)t+V_0t\\ &=\frac12(V+V_0)t \end{aligned}\text{。}解得 t=2SV+V0t=\frac{2S}{V+V_0}

因此,正确答案是 A

From the first equation, gt=VV0.gt=V-V_0. Therefore S=12(gt)t+V0t=12(VV0)t+V0t=12(V+V0)t. \begin{aligned} S&=\frac12(gt)t+V_0t\\ &=\frac12(V-V_0)t+V_0t\\ &=\frac12(V+V_0)t. \end{aligned} Solving gives t=2SV+V0.t=\frac{2S}{V+V_0}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

41.

y=2xy=2x 的条件下,方程 3y2+y+4=2(6x2+y+2)3y^2+y+4=2(6x^2+y+2) 对下列哪种变量取值成立?

The equation 3y2+y+4=2(6x2+y+2)3y^2+y+4=2(6x^2+y+2) where y=2xy=2x is satisfied by:

不存在这样的 xx

no value of xx

所有 xx

all values of xx

只有 x=0x=0

x=0x=0 only

所有整数 xx,且仅限于此

all integral values of xx only

所有有理数 xx,且仅限于此

all rational values of xx only

难度评级:1280
小提示:

展开前先在等式两边代入 y=2xy=2x

Substitute y=2xy=2x on both sides before expanding

大提示:

12x212x^2 项和常数项会相消

The 12x212x^2 and constant terms cancel

解答:

代入 y=2xy=2x,得到 12x2+2x+4=12x2+4x+4 12x^2+2x+4=12x^2+4x+4\text{。}消去两边相同的二次项和常数项后,剩下 2x=4x2x=4x,所以 x=0x=0。这个值满足两个方程。

因此,正确答案是 C

Substituting y=2xy=2x gives 12x2+2x+4=12x2+4x+4. 12x^2+2x+4=12x^2+4x+4. Cancelling the common quadratic and constant terms leaves 2x=4x,2x=4x, so x=0.x=0. This value satisfies both equations.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

42.

方程 x+4x3+1=0\sqrt{x+4}-\sqrt{x-3}+1=0 有:

The equation x+4x3+1=0\sqrt{x+4}-\sqrt{x-3}+1=0 has:

无根

no root

一个实根

one real root

一个实根和一个虚根

one real root and one imaginary root

两个虚根

two imaginary roots

两个实根

two real roots

难度评级:1280
小提示:

要使平方根为实数,定义域要求 x3x\ge3

For real square roots the domain requires x3x\ge3

大提示:

在该定义域内,直接比较 x+4\sqrt{x+4}x3\sqrt{x-3}

On that domain, compare x+4\sqrt{x+4} directly with x3\sqrt{x-3}

解答:

要有实数解,必须满足 x3x\ge3。此时 x+4>x3x+4>x-3,所以 x+4>x3 \sqrt{x+4}>\sqrt{x-3}\text{。}因此 x+4x3+1>1\sqrt{x+4}-\sqrt{x-3}+1>1,不可能等于零。原方程是实数范围内的根式方程,所以非实数根不在其定义域内。

正确答案是 A

For a real solution, x3.x\ge3. Then x+4>x3,x+4>x-3, so x+4>x3. \sqrt{x+4}>\sqrt{x-3}. Consequently x+4x3+1>1,\sqrt{x+4}-\sqrt{x-3}+1>1, and it cannot equal zero. The original equation is a real radical expression, so nonreal roots are outside its domain.

The correct answer is A.

43.

三边长均为整数且周长小于 1313 的不等边三角形共有:

The number of scalene triangles having all sides of integral lengths, and perimeter less than 1313 is:

11

22

33

44

1818

难度评级:2030
小提示:

将互不相同的整数边长按 a<b<ca\lt b\lt c 排列,并利用 a+b>ca+b\gt c

Order the distinct integer sides as a<b<ca\lt b\lt c and use a+b>ca+b\gt c

大提示:

按最大边逐一列出可能;周长限制使 cc 只能取较小的值

List possibilities by the largest side; the perimeter bound leaves only small values of cc

解答:

将互不相同的整数边长按递增顺序排列。在三角形不等式和周长限制下检查较小的可能,得到 (2,3,4), (2,4,5),(3,4,5) \begin{aligned} &(2,3,4),\ (2,4,5),\\ &(3,4,5) \end{aligned}\text{。}c6c\ge6 时,满足 a+b>ca+b\gt c 的最小新不等边候选为 (3,4,6)(3,4,6),其周长已经是 1313,更大的选择都不合要求。因此共有 33 个三角形。

正确答案是 C

Write the distinct integer sides in increasing order. Checking the small possibilities under the triangle inequality and perimeter bound gives (2,3,4), (2,4,5),(3,4,5). \begin{aligned} &(2,3,4),\ (2,4,5),\\ &(3,4,5). \end{aligned} For c6,c\ge6, the smallest new scalene candidate satisfying a+b>ca+b\gt c is (3,4,6),(3,4,6), whose perimeter is already 13,13, and larger choices cannot qualify. Thus there are 33 triangles.

The correct answer is C.

44.

x<a<0x\lt a\lt0 表示 xxaa 满足 xx 小于 aa,且 aa 小于零,则:

If x<a<0x\lt a\lt0 means that xx and aa are numbers such that xx is less than aa and aa is less than zero, then:

x2<ax<0x^2\lt ax\lt0

x2>ax>a2x^2\gt ax\gt a^2

x2<a2<0x^2\lt a^2\lt0

x2>axx^2\gt ax,但 ax<0ax\lt0

x2>axx^2\gt ax but ax<0ax\lt0

x2>a2x^2\gt a^2,但 a2<0a^2\lt0

x2>a2x^2\gt a^2 but a2<0a^2\lt0

难度评级:1340
小提示:

两个数都是负数,但 xx 的绝对值较大

Both numbers are negative, but xx has the larger absolute value

大提示:

x<ax\lt a 分别乘以 x<0x\lt0a<0a\lt0,每次都要反转不等号

Multiply x<ax\lt a once by x<0x\lt0 and once by a<0,a\lt0, reversing each inequality

解答:

因为 x<a<0x\lt a\lt0,将 x<ax\lt a 乘以负数 xx 时不等号反向,得到 x2>axx^2\gt ax。将同一个不等式乘以负数 aa,得到 ax>a2ax\gt a^2。因此 x2>ax>a2 x^2\gt ax\gt a^2\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Since x<a<0,x\lt a\lt0, multiplying x<ax\lt a by the negative number xx reverses the inequality and gives x2>ax.x^2\gt ax. Multiplying the same inequality by the negative number aa gives ax>a2.ax\gt a^2. Therefore x2>ax>a2. x^2\gt ax\gt a^2.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

45.

一个装有橡胶轮胎的车轮外径为 2525 英寸。当半径减少四分之一英寸后,行驶一英里所转的圈数将:

A wheel with a rubber tire has an outside diameter of 2525 in. When the radius has been decreased a quarter of an inch, the number of revolutions in one mile will:

增加约 2%2\%

be increased about 2%2\%

增加约 1%1\%

be increased about 1%1\%

增加约 20%20\%

be increased about 20%20\%

增加 12%\dfrac12\%

be increased 12%\dfrac12\%

保持不变

remain the same

难度评级:1550
小提示:

距离固定时,转数与车轮半径成反比

For a fixed distance, the revolution count is inversely proportional to the wheel’s radius

大提示:

比较原半径 12.512.5 与新半径 12.2512.25

Compare the original radius 12.512.5 with the new radius 12.2512.25

解答:

原半径为 12.512.5 英寸,新半径为 12.2512.25 英寸。对于固定距离,转数与半径成反比,所以相对增幅为 12.512.251=50491=1492.04% \begin{aligned} \frac{12.5}{12.25}-1 &=\frac{50}{49}-1\\ &=\frac1{49}\\ &\approx2.04\% \end{aligned}\text{。}这约为 2%2\%

因此,正确答案是 A

The original radius is 12.512.5 inches and the new radius is 12.2512.25 inches. For a fixed distance, the number of revolutions varies inversely with radius, so the relative increase is 12.512.251=50491=1492.04%. \begin{aligned} \frac{12.5}{12.25}-1 &=\frac{50}{49}-1\\ &=\frac1{49}\\ &\approx2.04\%. \end{aligned} This is about 2%.2\%.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

46.

要使方程 1+x1x=N+1N\dfrac{1+x}{1-x}=\dfrac{N+1}{N}NN 为正数时成立,xx 可以取:

For the equation 1+x1x=N+1N\dfrac{1+x}{1-x}=\dfrac{N+1}{N} to be true where NN is positive, xx can have:

任意小于 11 的正数

any positive value less than 11

任意小于 11 的数

any value less than 11

只能取零

the value zero only

任意非负数

any non-negative value

任意数

any value

难度评级:1810
小提示:

交叉相乘,并用 NN 表示 xx

Cross-multiply and solve for xx in terms of NN

大提示:

方程化为 x=12N+1x=\frac{1}{2N+1};再由这个关系解出 NN

The equation reduces to x=12N+1;x=\frac{1}{2N+1}; also solve this relation for NN

解答:

交叉相乘得到 N(1+x)=(N+1)(1x) N(1+x)=(N+1)(1-x)\text{,}所以 x(2N+1)=1x(2N+1)=1,并且 x=12N+1 x=\frac1{2N+1}\text{。}每个正数 NN 都给出 0<x<10\lt x\lt1。反过来,对任意 0<x<10\lt x\lt1,有 N=1x2x>0 N=\frac{1-x}{2x}>0\text{,}因此存在这样的 NN

因此,xx 可以是任意小于 11 的正数,正确答案是 A

Cross-multiplication gives N(1+x)=(N+1)(1x), N(1+x)=(N+1)(1-x), so x(2N+1)=1x(2N+1)=1 and x=12N+1. x=\frac1{2N+1}. Every positive NN gives 0<x<1.0\lt x\lt1. Conversely, for any 0<x<1,0\lt x\lt1, N=1x2x>0, N=\frac{1-x}{2x}>0, so such an NN exists.

Thus, xx may be any positive value less than 1,1, and the correct answer is A.

47.

一位工程师说,凭现有的某种机器,他可以在 33 天内完成一段公路工程。然而,若再增加 33 台同类机器,工程可在 22 天内完成。若所有机器的工作效率相同,一台机器单独完成这项工程需要多少天?

An engineer said he could finish a highway section in 33 days with his present supply of a certain type of machine. However, with 33 more of these machines the job could be done in 22 days. If the machines all work at the same rate, how many days would it take to do the job with one machine?

66

1212

1515

1818

3636

难度评级:1490
小提示:

设现有机器数为 mm,并用“机器·天”表示工作量

Let mm be the present number of machines and measure work in machine-days

大提示:

3m3m 等于 2(m+3)2(m+3)

Equate 3m3m with 2(m+3)2(m+3)

解答:

若现有 mm 台机器,则这项工程需要 3m3m 个机器·天。增加三台机器后,需要 2(m+3)2(m+3) 个机器·天,所以 3m=2(m+3) 3m=2(m+3)\text{,}解得 m=6m=6。因此,这项工程需要 3m=183m=18 个机器·天,一台机器单独完成需要 1818 天。

因此,正确答案是 D

If there are presently mm machines, the job requires 3m3m machine-days. With three more machines it requires 2(m+3)2(m+3) machine-days, so 3m=2(m+3), 3m=2(m+3), giving m=6.m=6. The job therefore requires 3m=183m=18 machine-days, so one machine would take 1818 days.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

48.

pp 为正整数,则 3p+252p5\dfrac{3p+25}{2p-5} 为正整数,当且仅当 pp 为:

If pp is a positive integer, then 3p+252p5\dfrac{3p+25}{2p-5} can be a positive integer, if and only if pp is:

至少为 33

at least 33

等于 3355993535

equal to 3,3, 5,5, 9,9, or 3535

不大于 3535

no more than 3535

等于 3535

equal to 3535

等于 333535

equal to 33 or 3535

难度评级:2210
小提示:

q=2p5q=2p-5;正性要求 qq 为正奇数

Let q=2p5;q=2p-5; positivity forces qq to be a positive odd integer

大提示:

将该商改写为 3+65q2\frac{3+\frac{65}{q}}{2},于是 qq 必须是 6565 的正因数

Rewrite the quotient as 3+65q2,\frac{3+\frac{65}{q}}{2}, so qq must be a positive divisor of 6565

解答:

q=2p5q=2p-5。商为正数要求 q>0q>0,而 qq 是奇数。由于 p=q+52p=\frac{q+5}{2}3p+252p5=3q+652q=3+65q2 \begin{aligned} \frac{3p+25}{2p-5} &=\frac{3q+65}{2q}\\ &=\frac{3+\frac{65}{q}}{2} \end{aligned}\text{。}所以 qq 必须是 6565 的正因数。四种可能 q=1q=1q=5q=5q=13q=13q=65q=65 分别给出 p=3p=3p=5p=5p=9p=9p=35p=35,且每个都符合。不存在其他符合条件的正整数 pp

因此,数学上正确的集合是 {3,5,9,35}\{3,5,9,35\},即调整后的选项 B

Set q=2p5.q=2p-5. A positive quotient requires q>0,q>0, and qq is odd. Since p=q+52,p=\frac{q+5}{2}, 3p+252p5=3q+652q=3+65q2. \begin{aligned} \frac{3p+25}{2p-5} &=\frac{3q+65}{2q}\\ &=\frac{3+\frac{65}{q}}{2}. \end{aligned} Thus qq must be a positive divisor of 65.65. The possibilities q=1,q=1, q=5,q=5, q=13,q=13, and q=65q=65 give p=3,p=3, p=5,p=5, p=9,p=9, and p=35,p=35, respectively, and each works. No other positive integer pp works.

Therefore the mathematically correct set is {3,5,9,35},\{3,5,9,35\}, shown in the adjusted choice B.

49.

三角形 PABPAB 由圆 OO 的三条切线围成,且 APB=40\angle APB=40^\circ;则角 AOBAOB 等于:

Triangle PABPAB is formed by three tangents to circle OO and APB=40;\angle APB=40^\circ; then angle AOBAOB equals:

4545^\circ

5050^\circ

5555^\circ

6060^\circ

7070^\circ

难度评级:2030
小提示:

该圆与三角形 PABPAB 的一条边以及另外两条边的延长线相切,所以 OOPP 所对的旁心

The circle is tangent to one side of triangle PABPAB and the extensions of the other two, so OO is the excenter opposite PP

大提示:

AABB 处的外角平分线所成的角为 9012P90^\circ-\frac12\angle P

The external angle bisectors at AA and BB form an angle of 9012P90^\circ-\frac12\angle P

解答:

圆位于边 ABAB 的另一侧,与顶点 PP 相对,所以 OOPP 所对的旁心。因此,AOAOBOBO 分别平分 AABB 处的外角。若 AABB 处的内角分别为 α\alphaβ\beta,则三角形 AOBAOBAABB 处的角分别为 90α290^\circ-\frac{\alpha}{2}90β290^\circ-\frac{\beta}{2}。因此 AOB=180(90α2)=(90β2)=α+β2=180402=70 \begin{aligned} \angle AOB &=180^\circ-\left(90^\circ-\frac\alpha2\right)\\ &\mathrel{\phantom{=}}-\left(90^\circ-\frac\beta2\right)\\ &=\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2} =\frac{180^\circ-40^\circ}{2}\\ &=70^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

The circle lies opposite PP across side AB,AB, so OO is the excenter opposite P.P. Thus AOAO and BOBO bisect the exterior angles at AA and B.B. If the interior angles at AA and BB are α\alpha and β,\beta, then triangle AOBAOB has angles 90α290^\circ-\frac{\alpha}{2} and 90β290^\circ-\frac{\beta}{2} at AA and B.B. Hence AOB=180(90α2)=(90β2)=α+β2=180402=70. \begin{aligned} \angle AOB &=180^\circ-\left(90^\circ-\frac\alpha2\right)\\ &\mathrel{\phantom{=}}-\left(90^\circ-\frac\beta2\right)\\ &=\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2} =\frac{180^\circ-40^\circ}{2}\\ &=70^\circ. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

50.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,CA=CBCA=CB。以 CBCB 为边,在三角形外部作正方形 BCDEBCDE。若角 DABDAB 的度数为 xx,则

In triangle ABC,ABC, CA=CB.CA=CB. On CBCB square BCDEBCDE is constructed away from the triangle. If xx is the number of degrees in angle DAB,DAB, then

xx 取决于三角形 ABCABC

xx depends upon triangle ABCABC

xx 与该三角形无关

xx is independent of the triangle

xx 可能等于角 CADCAD

xx may equal angle CADCAD

xx 绝不可能等于角 CABCAB

xx can never equal angle CABCAB

xx 大于 4545^\circ 但小于 9090^\circ

xx is greater than 4545^\circ but less than 9090^\circ

难度评级:2070
小提示:

CA=CBCA=CB 缩放为 11,并令 C=(0,0)C=(0,0)B=(1,0)B=(1,0)A=(cosθ,sinθ)A=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta)

Scale CA=CBCA=CB to 1,1, and place C=(0,0),C=(0,0), B=(1,0),B=(1,0), A=(cosθ,sinθ)A=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta)

大提示:

因正方形在三角形外部,取 D=(0,1)D=(0,-1),并比较向量 AB\overrightarrow{AB}AD\overrightarrow{AD}

Because the square is outside the triangle, take D=(0,1)D=(0,-1) and compare vectors AB\overrightarrow{AB} and AD\overrightarrow{AD}

解答:

将两条相等的边缩放为 11,并令 C=(0,0),B=(1,0),A=(cosθ,sinθ) \begin{aligned} C&=(0,0),\qquad B=(1,0),\\ A&=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta) \end{aligned}\text{。}因为正方形 BCDEBCDE 作在三角形外部,所以 D=(0,1)D=(0,-1)。令 c=cosθc=\cos\thetas=sinθs=\sin\theta。则 AB=(1c,s),AD=(c,1s) \begin{aligned} \overrightarrow{AB}&=(1-c,-s),\\ \overrightarrow{AD}&=(-c,-1-s) \end{aligned}\text{。}两个向量的点积为 1+sc1+s-c,二维叉积的绝对值也为 1+sc1+s-c。因此 tanDAB=1 \tan\angle DAB=1\text{,}所以 DAB=45\angle DAB=45^\circ,它与 θ\theta 无关,因而也与三角形的形状无关。

因此,正确答案是 B

Scale the equal sides to 11 and place C=(0,0),B=(1,0),A=(cosθ,sinθ). \begin{aligned} C&=(0,0),\qquad B=(1,0),\\ A&=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta). \end{aligned} Since square BCDEBCDE is constructed away from the triangle, D=(0,1).D=(0,-1). Put c=cosθc=\cos\theta and s=sinθ.s=\sin\theta. Then AB=(1c,s),AD=(c,1s). \begin{aligned} \overrightarrow{AB}&=(1-c,-s),\\ \overrightarrow{AD}&=(-c,-1-s). \end{aligned} Their dot product is 1+sc,1+s-c, while the absolute value of their two-dimensional cross product is also 1+sc.1+s-c. Therefore tanDAB=1, \tan\angle DAB=1, so DAB=45,\angle DAB=45^\circ, independent of θ\theta and hence independent of the triangle’s shape.

Thus, the correct answer is B.