2019 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

存在正整数 xxyy 满足方程组 设 mmxx 的质因数分解中质因数的个数(不要求互异),设 nnyy 的质因数分解中质因数的个数(不要求互异)。求 3m+2n3m + 2nlog10x+2log10(gcd(x,y))=60\log_{10} x + 2\log_{10}(\gcd(x, y)) = 60 log10y+2log10(lcm(x,y))=570. \begin{aligned} &\log_{10} y \\ &\quad {}+ 2\log_{10}(\operatorname{lcm}(x, y)) = 570. \end{aligned}

There are positive integers xx and yy that satisfy the system of equations log10x+2log10(gcd(x,y))=60\log_{10} x + 2\log_{10}(\gcd(x, y)) = 60 log10y+2log10(lcm(x,y))=570. \begin{aligned} &\log_{10} y \\ &\quad {}+ 2\log_{10}(\operatorname{lcm}(x, y)) = 570. \end{aligned} Let mm be the number of (not necessarily distinct) prime factors in the prime factorization of x,x, and let nn be the number of (not necessarily distinct) prime factors in the prime factorization of y.y. Find 3m+2n.3m + 2n.

答案:880
知识点:最大公约数最小公倍数对数质因数分解
难度评级:2460
解答:

方程说明 xgcd(x,y)2=1060x \cdot \gcd(x,y)^2 = 10^{60}ylcm(x,y)2=10570y \cdot \operatorname{lcm}(x,y)^2 = 10^{570},所以 xxyy 只含质数 2255。固定其中一个质数,设它在 xxyy 中的指数分别为 aabb。由于最大公因数取较小指数、 最小公倍数取较大指数, a+2min(a,b)=60,b+2max(a,b)=570. \begin{aligned} a + 2\min(a, b) &= 60, \\ b + 2\max(a, b) &= 570. \end{aligned}

a>ba \gt b,则 a+2b=60a + 2b = 60b+2a=570b + 2a = 570;相加得 a+b=210a + b = 210,相减得 ab=510a - b = 510,迫使 b<0b \lt 0,不可能。因此 aba \le b,方程变为 3a=603a = 603b=5703b = 570,对两个质数都得到 a=20a = 20b=190b = 190

因此 x=220520x = 2^{20} 5^{20}y=21905190y = 2^{190} 5^{190},所以 m=40m = 40n=380n = 380,且 3m+2n=120+760=8803m + 2n = 120 + 760 = 880

The equations say xgcd(x,y)2=1060x \cdot \gcd(x,y)^2 = 10^{60} and ylcm(x,y)2=10570,y \cdot \operatorname{lcm}(x,y)^2 = 10^{570}, so xx and yy are products of the primes 22 and 55 only. Fix one of these primes and let aa and bb be its exponents in xx and y.y. Since the gcd takes the smaller exponent and the lcm the larger, a+2min(a,b)=60,b+2max(a,b)=570. \begin{aligned} a + 2\min(a, b) &= 60, \\ b + 2\max(a, b) &= 570. \end{aligned}

If a>b,a \gt b, then a+2b=60a + 2b = 60 and b+2a=570;b + 2a = 570; adding gives a+b=210,a + b = 210, and subtracting gives ab=510,a - b = 510, forcing b<0,b \lt 0, impossible. So ab,a \le b, and the equations become 3a=603a = 60 and 3b=570,3b = 570, giving a=20a = 20 and b=190b = 190 for both primes.

Thus x=220520x = 2^{20} 5^{20} and y=21905190,y = 2^{190} 5^{190}, so m=40,m = 40, n=380,n = 380, and 3m+2n=120+760=880.3m + 2n = 120 + 760 = 880.

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