2008 AIME II 第 7 题

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7.

令 rr、ss、tt 为方程 8x3+1001x+2008=08x^3 + 1001x + 2008 = 0 的三个根。求 (r+s)3+(s+t)3+(t+r)3(r + s)^3 + (s + t)^3 + (t + r)^3。

Let r,r, s,s, and tt be the three roots of the equation 8x3+1001x+2008=0.8x^3 + 1001x + 2008 = 0. Find (r+s)3+(s+t)3+(t+r)3.(r + s)^3 + (s + t)^3 + (t + r)^3.

答案:753
知识点:韦达定理多项式立方和与立方差
难度评级:2410
小提示:

没有 x2x^2 项,所以 r+s+t=0r + s + t = 0,且 r+sr + s、s+ts + t、t+rt + r 分别是某个根的相反数

There is no x2x^2 term, so r+s+t=0r + s + t = 0 and each of r+s,r + s, s+t,s + t, t+rt + r is the negative of a root

大提示:

当 x+y+z=0x + y + z = 0 时,可用恒等式 x3+y3+z3=3xyzx^3 + y^3 + z^3 = 3xyz;韦达定理由常数项给出根的乘积

When x+y+z=0,x + y + z = 0, the identity x3+y3+z3=3xyzx^3 + y^3 + z^3 = 3xyz applies; Vieta gives the product of the roots from the constant term

解答:

该三次方程没有 x2x^2 项,所以由韦达定理 r+s+t=0r + s + t = 0。于是 r+s=−tr + s = -t,s+t=−rs + t = -r,且 t+r=−st + r = -s,所求和为 (−t)3+(−r)3+(−s)3=−(r3+s3+t3)。 \begin{aligned} &(-t)^3 + (-r)^3 \\ &\quad {}+ (-s)^3 \\ &= -(r^3 + s^3 + t^3) \end{aligned}\text{。}

当 r+s+t=0r + s + t = 0 时,恒等式 r3+s3+t3−3rstr^3 + s^3 + t^3 - 3rst =(r+s+t)= (r + s + t) (r2+s2+t2−rs−st−tr)(r^2 + s^2 + t^2 - rs - st - tr) 给出 r3+s3+t3=3rstr^3 + s^3 + t^3 = 3rst。由韦达定理,rst=−20088=−251rst = -\frac{2008}{8} = -251,所以 r3+s3+t3=−753r^3 + s^3 + t^3 = -753,答案为 −(−753)=753-(-753) = 753。

The cubic has no x2x^2 term, so r+s+t=0r + s + t = 0 by Vieta’s formulas. Hence r+s=−t,r + s = -t, s+t=−r,s + t = -r, and t+r=−s,t + r = -s, and the desired sum is (−t)3+(−r)3+(−s)3=−(r3+s3+t3). \begin{aligned} &(-t)^3 + (-r)^3 \\ &\quad {}+ (-s)^3 \\ &= -(r^3 + s^3 + t^3). \end{aligned}

Whenever r+s+t=0,r + s + t = 0, the identity r3+s3+t3−3rstr^3 + s^3 + t^3 - 3rst =(r+s+t)= (r + s + t) (r2+s2+t2−rs−st−tr)(r^2 + s^2 + t^2 - rs - st - tr) gives r3+s3+t3=3rst.r^3 + s^3 + t^3 = 3rst. By Vieta’s formulas, rst=−20088=−251,rst = -\frac{2008}{8} = -251, so r3+s3+t3=−753,r^3 + s^3 + t^3 = -753, and the answer is −(−753)=753.-(-753) = 753.

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