2000 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

设 xx、yy、zz 是满足 xyz=1xyz = 1、x+1z=5x + \frac{1}{z} = 5 和 y+1x=29y + \frac{1}{x} = 29 的三个正数。若 z+1y=mnz + \frac{1}{y} = \frac{m}{n},其中 mm 和 nn 是互质正整数,求 m+nm + n。

Suppose that x,x, y,y, and zz are three positive numbers that satisfy the equations xyz=1,xyz = 1, x+1z=5,x + \frac{1}{z} = 5, and y+1x=29.y + \frac{1}{x} = 29. Then z+1y=mn,z + \frac{1}{y} = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:5
知识点:方程组代数变形对称性(代数)
难度评级:2330
小提示:

将三个表达式 x+1zx + \frac{1}{z}、y+1xy + \frac{1}{x}、z+1yz + \frac{1}{y} 相乘并展开。

Multiply the three expressions x+1z,x + \frac{1}{z}, y+1x,y + \frac{1}{x}, z+1yz + \frac{1}{y} together and expand

大提示:

由于 xyz=1xyz = 1,这个乘积等于 22 加上这三个表达式的和。

Because xyz=1,xyz = 1, the product equals 22 plus the sum of the same three expressions

解答:

令 t=z+1yt = z + \frac{1}{y}。展开三个表达式的乘积:(x+1z) ⁣(y+1x) ⁣(z+1y)=xyz+1xyz+(x+1z)+(y+1x)+(z+1y)。 \begin{aligned} &\left(x + \frac{1}{z}\right)\!\left(y + \frac{1}{x}\right)\!\left(z + \frac{1}{y}\right) \\ &= xyz + \frac{1}{xyz} + \left(x + \frac{1}{z}\right) \\ &\quad {}+ \left(y + \frac{1}{x}\right) + \left(z + \frac{1}{y}\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}因为 xyz=1xyz = 1,左边为 5⋅29⋅t=145t5 \cdot 29 \cdot t = 145t,右边为 2+5+29+t=36+t2 + 5 + 29 + t = 36 + t。

所以 145t=36+t145t = 36 + t,得到 t=36144=14t = \frac{36}{144} = \frac{1}{4}。因此 m+n=1+4=5m + n = 1 + 4 = 5。

Let t=z+1y.t = z + \frac{1}{y}. Expanding the product of all three expressions, (x+1z) ⁣(y+1x) ⁣(z+1y)=xyz+1xyz+(x+1z)+(y+1x)+(z+1y). \begin{aligned} &\left(x + \frac{1}{z}\right)\!\left(y + \frac{1}{x}\right)\!\left(z + \frac{1}{y}\right) \\ &= xyz + \frac{1}{xyz} + \left(x + \frac{1}{z}\right) \\ &\quad {}+ \left(y + \frac{1}{x}\right) + \left(z + \frac{1}{y}\right). \end{aligned} Since xyz=1,xyz = 1, the left side is 5⋅29⋅t=145t5 \cdot 29 \cdot t = 145t and the right side is 2+5+29+t=36+t.2 + 5 + 29 + t = 36 + t.

So 145t=36+t,145t = 36 + t, giving t=36144=14.t = \frac{36}{144} = \frac{1}{4}. Thus m+n=1+4=5.m + n = 1 + 4 = 5.

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