1990 AIME 第 7 题

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7.

一个三角形的顶点为 P=(8,5)P=(-8,5)Q=(15,19)Q=(-15,-19)R=(1,7)R=(1,-7)P\angle P 的角平分线方程可写成 ax+2y+c=0ax+2y+c=0 的形式。求 a+ca+c

A triangle has vertices P=(8,5),P=(-8,5), Q=(15,19),Q=(-15,-19), and R=(1,7).R=(1,-7). The equation of the bisector of P\angle P can be written in the form ax+2y+c=0.ax+2y+c=0. Find a+c.a+c.

答案:89
知识点:角平分线坐标几何向量
难度评级:2100
小提示:

求从 PP 指向 QQRR 的单位向量

Find the unit vectors from PP toward QQ and RR

大提示:

内角平分线的方向是这两个单位向量之和

The internal angle-bisector direction is the sum of the two unit vectors

解答:

向量 PQ=(7,24)\overrightarrow{PQ}=(-7,-24) 的长度为 2525,而 PR=(9,12)\overrightarrow{PR}=(9,-12) 的长度为 1515。它们的单位向量之和为 v=(725,2425)+(35,45)=125(8,44)\begin{aligned}v&=\left(-\frac7{25},-\frac{24}{25}\right)\\&\quad+\left(\frac35,-\frac45\right)\\&=\frac1{25}(8,-44)\end{aligned}\text{,}所以角平分线的方向为 (2,11)(2,-11)。一个法向量为 (11,2)(11,2)。该直线经过 P=(8,5)P=(-8,5),所以方程为 11(x+8)+2(y5)=011(x+8)+2(y-5)=0\text{,}11x+2y+78=011x+2y+78=0。因此 a+c=11+78=89a+c=11+78=89

We have PQ=(7,24)\overrightarrow{PQ}=(-7,-24) with length 25,25, and PR=(9,12)\overrightarrow{PR}=(9,-12) with length 15.15. The sum of their unit vectors is v=(725,2425)+(35,45)=125(8,44),\begin{aligned}v&=\left(-\frac7{25},-\frac{24}{25}\right)\\&\quad+\left(\frac35,-\frac45\right)\\&=\frac1{25}(8,-44),\end{aligned} so the angle bisector has direction (2,11).(2,-11). A normal vector is (11,2).(11,2). Through P=(8,5),P=(-8,5), its equation is 11(x+8)+2(y5)=0,11(x+8)+2(y-5)=0, or 11x+2y+78=0.11x+2y+78=0. Hence a+c=11+78=89.a+c=11+78=89.

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