1989 AIME 第 7 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

7.

将整数 kk 分别加到 3636300300596596 上,所得三个数是一个等差数列中连续三项的平方。求 kk

If the integer kk is added to each of the numbers 36,36, 300,300, and 596,596, one obtains the squares of three consecutive terms of an arithmetic series. Find k.k.

答案:925
知识点:等差数列平方差方程组
难度评级:2250
小提示:

将这三个等差数列项写成 xxx+rx+rx+2rx+2r

Write the three arithmetic-sequence terms as x,x, x+r,x+r, and x+2rx+2r

大提示:

将相邻的平方方程相减,再把所得的两个方程相减

Subtract adjacent square equations, then subtract those two resulting equations

解答:

设这三项为 xxx+rx+rx+2rx+2r。将平方方程相减,得到 r(2x+r)=30036=264r(2x+r)=300-36=264r(2x+3r)=596300=296r(2x+3r)=596-300=296\text{。}两式相减得 2r2=322r^2=32,所以 r=±4r=\pm4。将三个数列项同时取相反数不会改变它们的平方,因此不妨取 r=4r=4。接着由 4(2x+4)=2644(2x+4)=264,得 x=31x=31。因此 k=x236=96136=925k=x^2-36=961-36=925

Let the three terms be x,x, x+r,x+r, and x+2r.x+2r. Subtracting the square equations gives r(2x+r)=30036=264r(2x+r)=300-36=264 and r(2x+3r)=596300=296.r(2x+3r)=596-300=296. Their difference is 2r2=32,2r^2=32, so r=±4.r=\pm4. Negating all three terms does not change their squares, so take r=4.r=4. Then 4(2x+4)=264,4(2x+4)=264, giving x=31.x=31. Therefore k=x236=96136=925.k=x^2-36=961-36=925.

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